MT SNG TO NH TRONG

XY DNG TNG HM
NH CAO TNG
KTS. L Hoi Vit
Trn Th Hng (chp bt)
y l gii php ang c p dng ti mt d n Vit Nam. Do d n vn cha hon
thnh nn cc thng tin c th s khng c nu trong bi ny. Sng kin ny do tp th
nhng ngi lm d n a ra. Bi ny ch cp n gii php nh mt cch ng dng
thnh cng PPLSTVM, cc gii php chi tit s khng c m t.
I.

PHNG PHP THI CNG TOP DOWN

Phng php Top-Down c quy trnh xy dng nh sau

1) Xy dng tng vy: chng bn hng ca tng hm, ngn st l t, chng
thm nc.
2) Khoan cc nhi: khoan cc n su thit k, btng ct thp (BTCT) cc n
cao y tng hm.
3) Lp t King-post: l thanh thp chu lc tm thi trong qu trnh thi cng tng hm
(thanh mu trong hnh Top Down 1).
4) BTCT sn tng trt da trn h King-post chu lc.
5) o t n tng trt tip tc lm tng hm B1, sau l nhng tng hm tip
theo v mng nh. Song song l xy t tng trt ln cc tng lu trn cao. Cc
thanh King-post c BTCT bc xung quanh tr thnh ct chng cho ta nh
(hnh Top Down 2).

10
BTSK s 1/2012

u im ca phng php hin ti: gim thi gian thi cng do xy dng cng lc cc tng
hm v cc tng trn.
Phm vi p dng: p dng cho nhng cng trnh c thc hin ng tin (ngha l qu
trnh xy dng khng b ngng gin on).
II.

BI TON

Trong tnh hnh kinh t suy thoi, nh u t khng vn cung ng cho vic thi cng
nn cng trnh s phi tm dng mt thi gian (khong 1-2 nm). Nh vy cc thanh Kingpost bng thp s b g khi trong lng t lu ngy. Do , mt vn c t ra:
Lm th no cc thanh King-post kh nng chu lc sau thi gian 2 nm hoc lu
hn na trong khi vn s dng phng php thi cng Top-Down m khng lm pht
sinh chi ph.
Bng kinh nghim v cch lm thng thng, ta c mt s gii php nh sau:
MK1: Nu lm cho King-post khng b g bng cch sn (ph) mt lp chng n mn th
ngn nga c tc g st, chi ph khng cao nhng khng m bo s ngn g st cho
thanh khi lp t (v thanh King-post c th b try xc lp sn ph khi ng xung lng
t).
MK2: Nu lm thanh King-post to, dy hn th tng c thi hn chng n mn ca
thanh nhng iu ny li tng chi ph. Cha k, nu thanh King-post gp phi v tr c nc
ngm v khong cht n mn mnh th gii php ny khng kh thi.
MK3: Nu dng vt liu mi (thp khng g, gm, si Carbon) ch to thanh King-post
th gii quyt trit kh nng chng n mn ca thanh nhng iu ny lm tng chi ph v
c th phi thay i cng ngh thi cng.
11
BTSK s 1/2012

Vi mc ch cn t l thanh c kh nng chng n mn vi thi gian khng hn ch (li

gii l tng) th vic chn hng gii quyt s dng vt liu mi l hp l. Tuy nhin, y
phi gii quyt vn cn li: vic tng chi ph (do s dng nguyn liu mi) mc chp nhn
c v khng phi thay i nguyn l lm vic (phng php thi cng).
Thng s c trong bi ton
Kh nng chng n mn vi thi gian
ca thanh King-post

Chi ph tng cao do thay i kch thc

ca thanh King-post

Thng s k thut tng ng

bn (14)
tin cy (27)
Cc nhn t c hi sinh ra bi chnh i tng (31)
Lng cht th (26)

S dng cng c khc phc mu thun k thut, chng ta c

(14, 31) = 15, 35, 22, 2

(27, 26) = 21, 28, 40, 3

T cc nguyn tc sng to thu c trn, nguyn tc sng to 40 v 2 c ch . Theo

ngn ng vt liu trong ngnh, b tng ct thp chnh l vt liu hp thnh.
Vy, thanh King-post thay bng ct b tng ct thp.
III. NH GI
Vic s dng ct b tng ct thp l ph bin trong xy dng, hn na, cng ngh ang s
dng l khoan cc nhi. Nh vy, King-post s l on cc nhi ko di bng b tng ct
thp (BTCT).

12
BTSK s 1/2012

Do c tnh ca BTCT l chng n mn rt tt, tui th gn nh vnh vin nn t yu cu bi

ton t ra. Cng ngh khoan cc ang c s dng ti cng trng. Tuy gi thnh cao
hn thanh King-post bng thp nhng b li, cc ny tr thnh ct ca tng hm nn s tit
kim c chi ph lm ct.

Trnh t thi cng tng t nh thi cng Top-Down, b qua bc lp t King-post

IV. KT LUN
S cc theo thit k ban u

13
BTSK s 1/2012

Do chuyn cc thnh ct, nn cn tng kh nng chu lc ca cc, ngha l tng tit din
cng nh tng chiu su cc. Kt qu l chng ti gim s lng cc so vi thit k ban
u (gim 2/3 s ct) nn tit kim hn 100 t ng v rt ngn thi gian thi cng 45
ngy.
S cc sau khi iu chnh

V. NHNG IU CN NI THM
Mt s bi ton con ny sinh khi trin khai gii php:
1. V cc BTCT sau ny tr thnh ct, nn sai s thng ng cho php l nh hn so vi
sai s lm cc mng thng thng
2. V cc BTCT sau ny tr thnh ct, nn phi to mi lin kt vi dm v sn tng hm s
c lm sau theo cng ngh Top-Down.
Theo cc bn, gii quyt nhng vn ny nh th no?
Cng bt m vi cc bn, nhng vn ny chng ti cng gii quyt xong. Nu cc bn
c nhng vn cn trao i, xin lin h theo a ch: hoaiviet90@yahoo.com

14
BTSK s 1/2012