Theorems, Corollaries, Lemmas

Well, they are basically just facts: some result that has been arrived at.

A Theorem is a major result

A Corollary is a theorem that follows on from another theorem

A Lemma is a small results (less important than a theorem)

Examples
Here is an example from Geometry:

Example: A Theorem, a Corollary to it, and also a Lemma!

Theorem

An inscribed angle a is half of the central angle 2a

Called the Angle at the Center Theorem.

Proof: Join the center O to A.

Triangle ABO is isosceles (two equal sides, two equal angles), so:

Angle OBA = Angle BAO = b

And, using Angles of a Triangle add to 180:

Angle AOB = (180 2b)

Triangle ACO is isosceles, so:

Angle OCA = Angle CAO = c

And, using Angles of a Triangle add to 180:

Angle AOC = (180 2c)

And, using Angles around a point add to 360:
Angle BOC = 360 (180 2b) (180 2c)
= 2b + 2c
= 2(b + c)
Replace b + c with a, we get:

Angle BAC = a and Angle BOC = 2a

And we have proved the theorem.

(That was a "major" result, so is a Theorem.)

Corollary
(This is called the "Angles Subtended by the Same Arc Theorem", but its really just a
Corollary of the "Angle at the Center Theorem")

Keeping the endpoints fixed ... ... the angle a is always the same, no matter
where it is on the circumference:

So, Angles Subtended by the Same Arc are equal.

Lemma
(This is sometimes called the "Angle in the Semicircle Theorem", but its really just
aLemma to the "Angle at the Center Theorem")

In the special case where the central angle forms a diameter of the circle:

2a = 180 , so a = 90
So an angle inscribed in a semicircle is always a right angle.
(That was a "small" result, so it is a Lemma.)