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INTROD
FIRST AID

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PREPARED BY: TIS

WHAT IS FIRST AID?

THE IMMEDIATE CARE OF AN INJURED OR SUDDENLY ILL PERSON AND IS

APPLIED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER AN ACCIDENT OR SUDDEN ILLNESS

PROMPT CARE AND ATTENTION PRIOR TO THE ARRIVAL OF AN AMBULANCE

DOES NOT TAKE THE PLACE OF PROPER MEDICAL TREATMENT

GOALS/AIMS
PRESERVE LIFE
PROTECT THE VICTIMS CONDITION FROM FURTHER HARM
PROMOTE PAIN RELIEF/RECOVERY FROM INJURY OR ILLNESS
PROVIDE REASSURANCE FOR MEDICAL CARE

LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS
DUTY OF CARE
NEGLIGENCE
CONSENT
RECORDING

DUTY OF CARE
FIRST AIDER: DUTY OF CARE TOWARDS CASUALTIES TO EXERCISE

REASONABLE CARE AND SKILL IN PROVING FIRST AID TREATMENT

DUTY ARISES SINCE ONE HAVE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

NEGLIGENCE

MEANS NOT FOLLOWING ACCEPTED STANDARDS OF CARE AND CAUSING

INJURY TO THE VICTIM

FACTORS CONSIDERED TO BE A NEGLIGENT FIRST AIDER

A DUTY OF CARE EXISTED
BREACHED THE STANDARD OF CARE
ACT OF OMISSION
ACT OF COMMISSION

THE VICTIM SUSTAINED DAMAGE AND INJURY THROUGH BREACH OF DUTY

NEGLIGENCE
ACT OF OMISSION- FAILURE TO DO WHAT A REASONABLY PRUDENT PERSON WITH
THE SAME OR SIMILAR TRAINING WOULD DO IN THE SAME OR SIMILAR
CIRCUMSTANCES

ACT OF COMMISSION- DOING SOMETHING THAT A REASONABLY PRUDENT PERSON

WITH THE SAME OR SIMILAR TRAINING WOULD NOT DO IN THE SAME OR SIMILAR
CIRCUMSTANCES

ABANDONEMENT- ONCE CARE IS PROVIDED, ONE MUST NOT LEAVE A VICTIM UNTIL
PROFESSIONAL HELP OR ANOTHER TRAINED PERSON TAKES RESPONSIBILITY

CONSENT
EXPRESSED CONSENT->ASK PERMISSION

CONSCIOUS MENTALLY COMPETENT PERSON OF LEGAL AGE

IF UNDER 18 Y/O-> ASK CONSENT FROM A PARENT/GUARDIAN

IMPLIED CONSENT-> ASSUME CONSENT AND START TX

UNRESPONSIVE VICTIM IN A LIFE THREATENING CONDITION

IF UNCONSCIOUS OR UNABLE TO GIVE CONSENT DUE TO INJURIES/CONFUSION
IF UNDER 18 Y/O AND PARENT/GUARDIAN IS NOT AVAILABLE FOR CONSENT

CONSENT
REMEMBER!
YOU ONLY HAVE THE CASUALTYS CONSENT TO TREAT THEM FOR A

CONDITION THAT THAT AFFECTS THEIR IMMEDIATE HEALTH. DONT PROVIDE

HELP FOR AN AILMENT THAT GOES BEYOND YOUR SCOPE OF KNOWLEDGE OR
PRACTICE.

EVERYONE HAS THE RIGHT TO REFUSE HELP

RECORDING
SHOULD BE:

LEGIBLE
ACCURATE
CONTAINS ALL RELEVANT INFORMATION

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

GOOD SAMARITAN LAW

GENERALLY PROVIDES PROTECTION TO ANY PERSON PROVIDING FIRST AID. BUT REMEMBER
THAT THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS COMPLETE PROTECTION. SO IT IS IMPORTANT THAT A
PERSON SHOULD KNOW WHAT THEY ARE.

THE GOOD SAMARITAN LAW APPLIES WHEN THE RESCUER IS:

ACTING IN GOOD FAITH
ACTING IN AN EMERGENCY
ACTING WITH NO GUILT OR MISCONDUCT
ACTING WITHOUT COMPENSATION

DIFFERS FROM COUNTRY TO COUNTRY

COMPONENTS OF A FIRST AID

KIT
BANDAGES
PLASTER TAPES
GAUZE PADS
COTTON
BANDAID
SURGICAL SCISSORS
GLOVES
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
BETADINE
SOAP
TOWEL
ALCOHOL
COLD PACKS
OTC MEDICINES
ANTIBIOTIC OINTMENT
DISPOSABLE BAGS

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WHAT YOU CAN DO

6 STEPS
1. RECOGNIZE THE EMERGENCY AND CHECK THE SCENE
2. DECIDE TO HELP
3. CALL EMS
4. CHECK THE VICTIM
5. GIVE FIRST AID
6. SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION

1. RECOGNIZE THE EMERGENCY AND CHECK THE SCENE

SCENE SURVEY
LOOK FOR ANY HAZARDS

IF SCENE IS DANGEROUS, STAY AWAY AND

CALL FOR HELP

DO NOT BECOME A VICTIM YOURSELF

2. DECIDE TO HELP
CALL EMS
GIVE INFORMATION

YOUR NAME AND PHONE NUMBER

LOCATION AND NUMBER OF VICTIMS
WHAT HAPPENED AND ANY CONDITIONS THAT MAY REQUIRE

MEDICAL/IMMEDIATE RESCUE
VICTIMS CONDITION AND INFORMATION (APPROX. AGE AND SEX)
WHAT IS BEING DONE FOR VICTIM

3. CALL EMS
HOTLINE BLING?
911
ERUF- 032 2339300
RED CROSS- 143

4. CHECK THE VICTIM

DO PRIMARY SURVEY

D-R-A-B-C
CHECK DANGER
CHECK RESPONSIVENESS
CHECK THE ABC
AIRWAY
BREATHING
CIRCULATION

DO SECONDARY SURVEY

GET VICTIMS HX (S-A-M-P-L-E)

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION (D-O-T-S)
MONITOR VICTIM FOR ANY CHANGES

5. GIVE FIRST AID

ACT ONLY AS YOU ARE TRAINED TO ACT.
SPECIFIC MANAGEMENTS ARE AVAILABLE DEPENDING ON THE DIFFERENT
CONDITIONS/ MEDICAL EMERGENCIES

6. SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION

KNOW WHEN TO OR WHEN NOT TO CALL EMS

WHEN IS A CONDITION AN EMERGENCY OR NOT

REFER TO APPROPRIATE HEALTHCARE PROVIDER

REMEMBER THAT FIRST AID IS NOT THE MEDICAL TREATMENT

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PRIMAR

DR ABC

DANGER
BIOHAZARDS
RISKS
SAFETY
DO NOT BE A VICTIM YOURSELF

RESPONSIVENESS
TAPPING/TOUCHING AND VERBAL ASKING FOR RESPONSE
HEY, ARE YOU OK?
RESPONSIVE= (+) VERBAL ANSWER/ MOVEMENT TO STIMULI
UNRESPONSIVE= (-) ANSWER, UNCONCIOUS
DO NOT SHAKE/AGITATE IF UNRESPONSIVE

A=AIRWAY
OPEN AIRWAY
REMOVE ANY VISIBLE FOREIGN OBSTRUCTIVE BODIES
HEAD TILT-CHIN LIFT
JAW THRUST -> IF (+) NECK/SPINE INJURY

B=BREATHING
WITHIN 10 SECONDS

LOOK
RISE AND FALL OF CHEST
LISTEN
SOUND OF NORMAL BREATHING
FEEL
BREATH ON CHEEK

IF (-) SIGNS OF BREATHING:

USE MOUTH-BARRIER DEVICE IF AVAILABLE

GIVE 2 SLOW BREATHS
WATCH FOR RISE AND FALL
IF NO (+) SIGN

REPOSITION AIRWAY AND TRY AGAIN

IF STILL NO (+) SIGN, GIVE CARE FOR CHOKING, CPR

C=CIRCULATION
SIGNS OF CIRCULATION
BREATHING
COUGHING
MOVEMENT
SKIN COLOR AND TEMP

CHECK AND CONTROL BLEEDING

ONLY HEALTHCARE

PROFESSIONALS CHECK PULSE

IF (-) SIGNS OF CIRCULATION

START CPR
CALL FOR AED

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SECONDAR

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HISTORY TAKING

S- SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OBSERVATION, PT. FEELING

A- ALLERGIES FOOD, DRUGS, SUBSTANCES, MED BRACELET
M- MEDICATIONS MAINTENANCE/ OTC
P- PAST MEDICAL HX PREVIOUS PROBLEM/ASSOC. ILLNESS
L-LAST ORAL INTAKE ATE/DRANK
E- EVENTS LEADING TO CURRENT SITUATION

PHYSICAL EXAM
LOOK AND FEEL
D-0-T-S

DEFORMITY
OPEN WOUNDS
TENDERNESS
SWELLING

EXAMINE THE:

HEAD
EYES
NECK
CHEST
ABDOMEN

RECOVERY POSITION