Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc.

41 Monte de Piedad St., Cubao, Quezon City

A Technical Report on

Differences in ANSI/IEEE and IEC

Short Circuit Calculations and Their Implications

___________________________________________________________________

Prepared by:
Institute of Integrated Electrical
Engineers, Inc. (IIEE) Standards Committee 2011

Differences in ANSI/IEEE and IEC

Short Circuit Calculations
and Their Implications

Prepared by:
IIEE Standards Committee
March 19, 2011

Disclaimer
It is not the intention of this paper to endorse over another the compared short-circuit
calculations and standards.
All discussions in this report are based on the featured system one line diagram only. The
same parameters were considered for the American National Standards Institute/Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (ANSI/IEEE) and the International Electro-technical
Commission (IEC) calculations for result comparison. The values of these parameters,
however, may vary from every project in terms of available utility short circuit levels, power
system configuration, wiring method and all applicable factors to consider.
IIEE and this Committee will not be responsible for any disputes that may arise out of
referencing from this paper.

ii

Preface
This technical report focuses on two of the most widely used short circuit calculation
methods and standards/guidelines namely: American National Standards Institute/Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (ANSI/C37/IEEE std 551) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC 60909). To fully understand the analytical techniques of short
circuit current analysis in industrial and commercial power system using both methods, a
representative network model was exemplified and a comprehensive comparison between the
two calculation methods was presented. For expediency, a short circuit calculating software
was employed and the results were presented and evaluated at the end of the analysis.
This technical report provides information and inculcates awareness to electrical practitioners
in the country on the difference in the procedure of short circuit calculations and its
implication between the standards cited. It is not intended to show the detailed short circuit
current calculation for both methods. The reader is still recommended to consult technical
books for reference on a complete and accurate calculation procedure.
This paper starts off with a brief introduction on the current scenario in the Philippines and
the importance of short circuit calculation in Chapter I and expounds on its basic principle in
Chapter II. The equivalent short circuit schematic diagram is also available for analysis in
simple calculation.
Chapter III discusses the asymmetry current application focusing on the importance of
determining the total available short circuit current in the design of electrical equipment such
as circuit breakers, switches, transformers and fuses that are subjected to fault current.
Chapter IV shows the different components in determining the short circuit calculation based
on the two standard/guidelines, the ANSI/IEEE and the IEC. This is followed by Chapter V
presenting the comparative matrix on both standards Calculation Method and Multiplying
Factors with reference to the X/R ratio.
Chapter VI clearly tabulates a comparison between the standards parameters particularly the
device type, device capability and the calculated short circuit duty.
In Chapter VII, an illustration of a sample network was configured consisting of two power
transformers connected to a 13.2 kV bus wherein two different results from the ANSI/IEEE
and IEC calculations were generated with the aid of short circuit calculating software.
Chapter VIII presents the protective devices selection and evaluation focusing on the X/R
ratio for breaker evaluation and on the short circuit test parameters while Chapter IX
discusses the findings and results of the ETAP Total Bus Fault Short Circuit Study. The
tables on the short circuit calculation clearly show the difference in values for the same
parameters between ANSI/IEEE and IEC.
This technical report was developed through the initiative of the IIEE Standards Committee.
Any concern or contention as to its applicability, accuracy and completeness shall be
addressed to the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. for further
validation and interpretation.

iii

Participants
The following are the working group members of the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the
Philippines, Inc. (IIEE) under the Standards Committee:
Chairman:
Gem J. Tan
Fuji-Haya Audit Inspection and Maintenance Corporation
Members:
Arjun G. Ansay
Technological University of the Philippines Manila

Jesus C. Santos
JC Santos and Associates

Arturo M. Zabala
AC-DC-KV and Associates

Marites R. Pangilinan
LJ Industrial Fabrication, Inc.

Edwin V. Pangilinan
Total Power Box Solution, Inc.

Roderick T. Khu
Airnergy and Renewables, Inc.

Frumencio T. Tan
Safety Consultant

Samson D. Paden
Department of Trade and IndustryBureau of Product Standards

Genesis A. Ramos
Department of Energy

Vincent E. Jimenez
Delta Power Engineering and Consulting

Gideon S. Tan
Yu Eng Kao Electrical Supply and Hardware, Inc.

Wilson T. Yu
Standards Committee Member

Jaime S. Jimenez
Meralco
Advisers:
Arthur A. Lopez
Private Consultant
IIEE former president - year 2000
Willington K.K.C. Tan
Columbia Wire and Cable Corporation
IIEE former president - year 1990

Approved by the members of the IIEE Board of Governors on March 19, 2011:
Armando R. Diaz, President

Virgilio S. Luzares, Region II

Jules S. Alcantara, VP- Internal Affairs

Roselyn C. Rocio, Region IV

Gregorio R. Cayetano, VP- External Affairs

Ronaldo D. Ebrada, Region V

Alex C. Cabugao, VP- Technical Affairs

Marlon T. Marcuelo, Region VI

Ma. Sheila C. Cabaraban, Secretary

Lelanie T. Mirambel, Region VII

Larry C. Cruz, Treasurer

Rey G. Paduganan, Region VIII

Florigo, C. Varona, Auditor

Victorianito E. Teofilo, Region IX

Francis R. Calanio, Region I

Gregorio Y. Guevarra, Immediate former President

iv

Table of Contents
Chapter

Title

Page

I.

Introduction

II.

Basic Short-Circuit Discussion

Figure 1 : Current Model for Asymmetry
Figure 2 : Maximum Peak Asymmetrical Short Circuit Current

1
1
2

III.

Asymmetry Current Application

IV.

Short-Circuit Current Calculation Standard/Guideline

V.

Calculation Comparison
Table 1 : Comparison Matrix of ANSI/IEEE and IEC

3
4

VI.

Comparison of Device Duty Rating and Short-Circuit Duty

Table 2 : ANSI/IEEE Parameter
Table 3 : IEC Parameter
Table 4 : ANSI/IEEE vs. IEC Parameter

5
5
5
5

VII.

Sample Calculation using ANSI/IEEE and IEC

Figure 3 : Single Line Diagram of the Sample Network
Figure 4 : Single Line Diagram to consider IEC SC Result
Figure 5 : Single Line Diagram to consider ANSI SC Result
Figure 6 : Impedance Diagram for ANSI/IEEE SC Method

6
6
7
16
23

VIII.

Protective Devices Selection and Evaluation

Table 5 : Circuit Breakers Short Circuit Breaking Capacity
Table 6 : Circuit Breakers Interrupting Capacity

26
26
27

IX.

Findings and Results

Table 7 : IEC Short Circuit Calculation
Table 8 : ANSI Short Circuit Calculation

27
27
27

X.

Conclusion and Recommendation

28

XI.

References

29

Appendix
ABB MCB S200 Technical Features

30

I.

Introduction

In the emerging world market place, Electrical Engineers should be familiar with the basic differences between the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) with
regards to short circuit current calculation procedures. Both the ANSI and the IEC Standards developed these
procedures to provide rating for electrical equipment. These two standards are currently being applied by the
electrical practitioners in the Philippines and it is important to determine the differences between these standards
so that a more logical evaluation and breaker rating selection can be appropriated. IEC procedure requires
significantly more detailed modeling of the power system short circuit contribution than ANSI.
A short circuit calculation is an important task undertaken by a professional in power systems planning and
operation. Circuit breaker and switchgear selection, protection settings and coordination require a comprehensive,
detailed and accurate short-circuit calculation. The report focuses on the guidelines found in the following shortcircuit standards: the North American ANSI/IEEE standard and its European counterpart, IEC.

II.

Basic Short Circuit Discussion

To come up with a precise short circuit calculation requires a very complex computation. What is important is that
whatever the short circuit calculation method used, it should be compared with the assigned (tested) fault current
rating of the protective devices.
The final equivalent short circuit schematic diagram is shown below.
R

i(t)

2 Esin(t + )

Figure 1: Current Model for Asymmetry

The circuit constitutes a series of resistance, inductance, and a switch connected to an ideal sinusoidal voltage
source. The fault is simulated by closing the switch and the magnitude of the rms symmetrical short circuit
current, I, is determined by the equation below.

I
where:

E
Z

I = short circuit current (rms symmetrical)

E = driving voltage (rms)
Z = Thevenins equivalent system impedance from the fault point back to and including
the source or sources of short-circuit currents for the distribution system.

The duration and magnitude of the asymmetrical current depends on the following parameters:
a) The X/R ratio of the faulted circuit
b) The phase angle of the voltage waveform at the time the short circuit occur
1

The asymmetrical fault current decay time is longer when X/R ratio is greater at the fault point. For specific X/R
ratio, the angle of the applied voltage at the time of short-circuits initiation determines the degree of fault current
asymmetry that will exist for that X/R ratio. The maximum asymmetrical short-circuit current occurs at the fault
inception when the voltage sine wave is at zero point and not necessarily at the highest dc component.

Figure 2: Maximum Peak Asymmetrical Short Circuit Current

III. Asymmetry Current Application

From the equipment design and application point of view, the phase with the largest fault peak current should be
of major interest. This current subjects the equipment to the most severe magnetic force. The maximum magnetic
force produced on a circuit element, such as a breaker, occurs at the instant the fault current through the circuit
element is at a maximum. The largest fault peak typically occurs in the first cycle when the initiation of the shortcircuit current is near or coincident with the applied voltage passing through zero. This condition is called the
condition of maximum asymmetry.
Electrical equipment such as circuit breakers, switches, transformers and fuses that are subjected to carry fault
current, the total available short circuit current must be determined. For correct equipment application, knowledge
of the minimum test X/R ratio or maximum power factor of the applied fault current used in the acceptance test by
ANSI, NEMA, UL and IEC is also required. Knowledge of peak fault current magnitudes are significant for some
devices, such as low voltage breakers, while asymmetrical rms current magnitudes are equally significant for high
voltage circuit breakers. This leads to the need to develop an X/R ratio dependent short circuit calculation for
proper comparison to the equipment being applied. To determine the maximum peak or rms current magnitude
that can occur in a circuit, every fault current calculation must consider the symmetrical ac component and the
transient dc component of the calculated fault current. When the calculated fault X/R ratio is greater than the
equipment X/R ratio, the higher X/R ratio must also be considered when evaluating or selecting the equipment.

IV. Short Circuit Calculation Standard / Guideline

ANSI C37/IEEE Std. 551
The ANSI/IEEE method calls for determining the momentary network fault impedance which makes it possible to
calculate the close and latch rating of the breaker. It also calls for identifying the interrupting network fault
impedance which makes it possible to calculate the interrupting duty of the breaker. The interrupting network fault
impedance value differs from the momentary network in that the impedance increases from the sub-transient to
transient level. The IEEE standard permits the exclusion of 3 phase induction motors below 50 hp and all single
phase motors. Hence no reactance adjustment is required for these sizes of motors. For detailed calculation
requirements please refer to the applicable standards.
IEC60909
The IEC method calls for the adjusted network impedance in calculating the symmetrical three phase fault (I k) at
a voltage higher than the nominal rating by a factor (c). The result is further manipulated to calculate peak current
ip which is then compared to the breakers making capacity (I cm). Also, further manipulation of the calculated
three-phase fault current Ik will result to the interrupting rating requirement that is compared to the selected
breakers interrupting capacity (Ib). For detailed calculation requirements please refer to the applicable standards.

V.

Calculation Comparison

Table 1 presents a brief comparison of the ANSI/IEEE and IEC with regards to short circuit current calculation
method and multiplying factors.

Table 1: Comparison of ANSI/IEEE and IEC

Standard
Calculation Method

ANSI/IEEE
North America

IEC
Europe Predominant

1. Voltage Source is equivalent

to the pre-fault voltage at the
location

4. Bolted Fault is assumed hence

arc resistance is neglected

1. Pre-fault voltage is automatically

adjusted by a factor ( c )
2. Machines are represented by their
internal impedances
3. Line capacitance of transmission
lines and static loads are considered
for unbalanced ground faults
following a Shunt Admittance Model
4. System impedances are assumed
balanced 3-phase
5. Uses symmetrical components for
unbalanced fault calculations

5. System impedances are

assumed balanced 3-phase

6. (Ik) Initial RMS Symmetrical SCC

calculates through adjusted
impedance network of synchronous

2. Machines are represented by

their internal impedances
3. Line capacitance and static
loads are neglected

machine Zk

6. Uses symmetrical components

for unbalanced fault
calculations

7. (ip) Peak Short circuit current =

7. Momentary calculates through

sub-transient impedance
network at half cycle

8. (Ib) Symmetrical Short-Circuit

8. Interrupting calculates through

transient impedance network
at 1.5 4 cycles
9. Steady-State calculates
through steady-state
impedance network at and
beyond 30 cycles

k1*sqrt 2* Ik where k is determined

by Method A, B or C
Breaking Current = Ik for near
generator faults and = u*Ik for synch
machines = u*q*Ik for asynch.
machines
9. Asymmetrical SC Breaking Current =
Ik + Idc component current
10.Steady State SC current (Ik)
accounts for power grid, generator and
synch machine contributions
(ip) Peak Short circuit current = k1*sqrt.
2 * Ik

Multiplying Factors

1. MF(m) Momentary
multiplying factor I mom.
rms asym = I mom. rms sym *
MF(m)
2. MF(p) Peak multiplying factor
I mom. peak = I mom. rms.
Sym * MF(p)
4

1. C pre-fault voltage factor (taken

from IEC)
2. k factors determined by IEC
method A, B or C

VI. Comparison of Device Duty Rating and Short-Circuit Duty

The tables below show the different parameters used in evaluating a protective device in terms of calculated short
circuit duty of the ANSI/IEEE and IEC Standards.
Table 2:

ANSI/IEEE Parameter

DEVICE TYPE
HV BUS BRACING
LV BUS BRACING
HVCB
LVCB
Table 3:

Asymm. KA rms
Symm. KA rms
Symm. KA rms
Asymm. KA rms
C and L Capability KA rms
C and L Capability KA Crest
Interrupting KA

CALCULATED SHORTCIRCUIT DUTY

(Momentary Duty)
Asymm. KA rms
Symm. KA rms
Symm. KA rms
Asymm. KA rms
Asymm. KA rms
Asymm. KA Crest
Adjusted KA

Rated Interrupting KA

Adjusted KA

DEVICE CAPABILITY

IEC Parameter

DEVICE TYPE

CALCULATED
SHORT-CIRCUIT
DUTY (Momentary
Duty)
ip

DEVICE CAPABILITY
Making

MVCB

AC Breaking

Ib ,symm

Making

LVCB
Fuse

ip

Breaking

Ib ,symm

Breaking

Ib ,symm

Table 4:
The ANSI/IEEE vs. IEC
DEVICE TYPE
DEVICE CAPABILITY
ANSI

IEC

HVCB

MVCB

ANSI

IEC

C and L cap. KA rms

Making (ip)

C and L cap. KA rest

n/a

Interrupting KA

AC breaking (Isc)
Ib asymm

CALCULATED SHORT
CIRCUIT DUTY
ANSI
IEC
Asymm. KA
ip
rms
Asymm. KA
rest
Adjusted KA
Ib symm
Ib asymm

Idc
LVCB

LVCB

Rated interrupting KA

Iohm

Ish

Breaking (Ib symm)

ICU

Ib symm

Making peak (ICM)

ip

Ib asymm

Ib asymm

Ish

Ish

or Ik

VII. Sample Calculation using ANSI/IEEE and IEC

Description of Sample network
The sample network consists of two power transformers connected to a 13.2 KV bus. One of the transformers feeds
a bus at a nominal voltage of 240 V, while the other transformer feeds a bus at a nominal voltage of 2.3 KV. The
data of the transformer and other equipment and their principal characteristics are presented in Fig. 3. For the
purpose of presenting a discussion on fault calculation, points B l and B2 are selected to have experienced a 3
phase bolted fault.

Figure 3: Single Line Diagram of the Sample Network

A. IEC SHORT CIRCUIT RESULT

Figure 4: Single Line Diagram to consider IEC SC Result

7

ETAP
6.0.0C

Project:

Page:

Date:

10-19-2010

Contract:

SN:

FUJIHAYAPH

Engineer:

Revision: Base

Location:

Study Case: SC

Filename: sample

Config.: Normal

Electrical Transient Analyzer Program

Short-Circuit Analysis
IEC 60909 Standard
3-Phase Fault Currents
Maximum Short-Circuit Current

Number of Buses:

Number of
Branches:

Swing
1

V-Control
0

Load
7

Total
8

XFMR2
2

XFMR3
0

Reactor
0

Line/Cable
0

Synchronous
Generator
Number of
Machines:

Power Synchronous Induction

Motor
Machines
Grid
1
0
5

Impedance
0

Tie PD
5

Lumped
Load

Total

System Frequency: 60 Hz
Unit System:

English

Project Filename:

sample

Output Filename:

D:\Etap6.0 Projects\SC sample attachments_2010_10_18\Untitled.SI1

Total
7

Adjustments
Apply
Adjustment

Individual
/Global

Transformer Impedance:

Yes

Individual

Reactor Impedance:

Yes

Individual

Overload Heater Resistance:

No

Transmission Line Length:

No

Cable Length:

No

Tolerance

Percent

Apply
Adjustment

Individual
/Global

Degree C

Transformer Resistance:

Yes

Global

20

Cable Resistance:

Yes

Global

20

Temperature Correction

Bus Input Data

Bus

Initial Voltage

ID

Type

Nom. kV

Base kV

Sub-sys

%Mag.

Ang.

B1

Load

0.240

0.240

100.00

0.00

B2

Load

2.300

2.300

100.00

0.00

Bus4

Load

0.240

0.240

100.00

0.00

Bus5

Load

2.300

2.300

100.00

0.00

Bus6

Load

2.300

2.300

100.00

0.00

Bus7

Load

2.300

2.300

100.00

0.00

Bus8

Load

2.300

2.300

100.00

0.00

UB

SWNG

13.200

13.200

100.00

0.00

8 Buses Total
All voltages reported by ETAP are in % of bus Nominal kV.
Base kV values of buses are calculated and used internally by ETAP

2-Winding Transformer Input Data

Transformer

Rating

Z Variation

% Tap Setting

Adjusted

Phase Shift

ID

MVA

Prim.
kV

T1

1.500

13.200

0.240

5.75

7.10

5.7500

Std Pos. Seq.

0.0

T2

5.000

13.200

2.300

7.15

12.14

7.1500

Std Pos. Seq.

0.0

Sec. kV

%Z

X/R

+5%

-5%

%Tol.

Prim.

Sec.

%Z

Type

Angle

Branch Connections
CKT/Branch

Connected Bus ID

% Impedance, Pos. Seq., 100 MVAb

ID

Type

From Bus

To Bus

T1

2W XFMR

UB

B1

51.58

366.13

369.74

T2

2W XFMR

UB

B2

11.76

142.82

143.31

CB6

Tie Breaker

B1

Bus4

CB7

Tie Breaker

B2

Bus5

CB8

Tie Breaker

B2

Bus6

CB9

Tie Breaker

B2

Bus7

CB10

Tie Breaker

B2

Bus8

Power Grid Input Data

Power Grid

Connected Bus

ID

ID

MVAsc

kV

U1

UB

720.000

13.200

% Impedance 100
MVA Base
X"

R/X

0.00014

13.88889

0.00

Rating

Total Connected Power Grids ( = 1 ): 720.000 MVA

Induction Machine Input Data

Induction Machine
ID

Connected Bus

% Impedance
(Motor Base)

Rating

ID

mFact.

Type

Qty

HP/kW

kVA

kV

Amp

PF

X"

R/X"

MW/PP

M2

Motor

Bus5

500.00

440.28

2.300

110.52

90.82

2.96

15.41

0.19

0.19

M3

Motor

Bus6

500.00

440.28

2.300

110.52

90.82

2.96

15.41

0.19

0.19

M4

Motor

Bus7

500.00

440.28

2.300

110.52

90.82

2.96

15.41

0.19

0.19

M5

Motor

Bus8

500.00

440.28

2.300

110.52

90.82

2.96

15.41

0.19

0.19

M1

Motor

Bus4

125.00

110.12

0.240

264.91

91.51

4.62

16.01

0.29

0.05

Total Connected Induction Machines ( = 5 ): 1871.3 kVA

Lumped Load Input Data

Lumped Load
Lumped Load

Connected Bus

Motor Loads
Rating

ID

ID

kVA

kV

L1

B1

1000.0

0.240

% Load
Amp

% PF

MTR

2405.63

85.00

60

Total Connected Lumped Loads ( = 1 ): 1000.0 kVA

10

% Impedance
Machine Base

Loading

STAT
40

m Fact.

kW

kvar

X"

R/X"

MW/PP

510.0

316.1

6.46

15.37

0.42

0.51

SHORT - CIRCUIT REPORT

B1

3-Phase fault at bus:

Nomimal kV
Voltage c Factor
Peak Value
Steady State

=
=
=
=

0.240
1.10
181.348
68.754

(Maximum If)
kA Method A
kA rms

Contribution
From Bus

To Bus

ID

ID

B1

Total

%V
From
Bus
0.00

UB

B1

Voltage and Initial Symmetrical Current (rms)

kA
kA
X/R
kA
Real

Imaginary

Ratio

Magnitude

13.406

-78.631

5.9

79.766

96.12

9.232

-68.170

7.4

68.792

L1

B1

100.00

3.690

-8.782

2.4

9.526

M1

Bus4

100.00

0.485

-1.680

3.5

1.748

Bus4

B1

0.00

0.485

-1.680

3.5

1.748

Breaking and DC Fault Current (kA)

Based on Total Bus Fault Current
TD (S)

Ib sym

Ib asym

Idc

0.01

78.916

101.347

63.588

0.02

78.315

86.941

37.756

0.03

77.529

80.547

21.843

0.04

76.761

77.794

12.637

0.05

76.017

76.406

7.704

0.06

75.656

75.79

4.504

0.07

75.301

75.347

2.633

0.08

74.952

74.968

1.539

0.09

74.610

74.616

0.939

0.10

74.275

74.277

0.551

0.15

73.582

73.582

0.039

0.20

72.918

72.918

0.003

0.25

72.285

72.285

0.000

0.30

72.260

72.260

0.000

11

3-Phase fault at bus:

B2

Nomimal kV

= 2.300

Voltage c Factor

= 1.10

(Maximum If)

Peak Value

= 51.136

kA Method A

Steady State

= 17.417

kA rms

Contribution

Voltage and Initial Symmetrical Current (rms)

From Bus
ID

To Bus
ID

%V
From Bus

kA
Real

kA
Imaginary

X/R
Ratio

kA
Magnitude

B2

Total

0.00

1.882

-20.420

10.9

20.506

UB

B2

90.44

1.297

-17.377

13.4

17.425

M5

Bus8

100.00

0.146

-0.761

5.2

0.775

M4

Bus7

100.00

0.146

-0.761

5.2

0.775

M3

Bus6

100.00

0.146

-0.761

5.2

0.775

M2

Bus5

100.00

0.146

-0.761

5.2

0.775

Bus5

B2

0.00

0.146

-0.761

5.2

0.775

Bus6

B2

0.00

0.146

-0.761

5.2

0.775

Bus7

B2

0.00

0.146

-0.761

5.2

0.775

Bus8

B2

0.00

0.146

-0.761

5.2

0.775

Breaking and DC Fault Current (kA)

Based on Total Bus Fault Current
TD (S)

Ib sym

Ib asym

Idc

0.01

20.014

28.877

20.816

0.02

19.722

25.04

15.429

0.03

19.441

22.464

11.254

0.04

19.174

20.857

8.208

0.05

18.921

19.955

6.342

0.06

18.799

19.373

4.679

0.07

18.681

18.997

3.453

0.08

18.566

18.74

2.548

0.09

18.456

18.564

2.001

0.10

18.349

18.409

1.486

0.15

18.145

18.148

0.336

0.20

17.954

17.954

0.076

0.25

17.775

17.775

0.017

0.30

17.769

17.769

0.004

12

3-Phase fault at bus:

Bus4

Nomimal kV

= 0.240

Voltage c Factor

= 1.10

(Maximum If)

Peak Value

= 181.348

kA Method A

Steady State

= 68.754

kA rms

Contribution

Voltage and Initial Symmetrical Current (rms)

From Bus
ID

To Bus
ID

%V
From Bus

kA
Real

kA
Imaginary

X/R
Ratio

kA
Magnitude

Bus4

Total

0.00

13.406

-78.631

5.9

79.766

M1

Bus4

100.00

0.485

-1.680

3.5

1.748

UB

B1

96.12

9.232

-68.170

7.4

68.792

L1

B1

100.00

3.690

-8.782

2.4

9.526

B1

Bus4

0.00

12.921

-76.952

6.0

78.029

Breaking and DC Fault Current (kA)

Based on Total Bus Fault Current
TD (S)

Ib sym

Ib asym

0.01

78.916

101.347

63.588

0.02

78.315

86.941

37.756

0.03

77.529

80.547

21.843

0.04

76.761

77.794

12.637

0.05

76.017

76.406

7.704

0.06

75.656

75.790

4.504

0.07

75.301

75.347

2.633

0.08

74.952

74.968

1.539

0.09

74.61

74.616

0.939

0.10

74.275

74.277

0.551

0.15

73.582

73.582

0.039

0.20

72.918

72.918

0.003

0.25

72.285

72.285

0.000

0.30

72.26

72.260

0.000

13

Idc

3-Phase fault at bus:

UB

Nomimal kV

= 13.200

Voltage c Factor

= 1.10

(Maximum If)

Peak Value

= 90.256

kA Method A

Steady State

= 31.492

kA rms

Contribution

Voltage and Initial Symmetrical Current (rms)

From Bus
ID

To Bus
ID

%V
From Bus

kA
Real

kA
Imaginary

X/R
Ratio

kA
Magnitude

UB

Total

0.00

0.142

-32.117

226.5

32.117

B1

UB

13.64

0.060

-0.167

2.8

0.178

B2

UB

13.86

0.081

-0.458

5.7

0.465

U1

UB

100.00

0.000

-31.492

99999.0

31.492

Breaking and DC Fault Current (kA)

Based on Total Bus Fault Current
TD
(S)

Ib sym

Ib asym

Idc

0.01

32.048

55.226

44.977

0.02

32.004

55.166

44.934

0.03

31.959

54.943

44.692

0.04

31.915

54.723

44.452

0.05

31.874

54.998

44.82

0.06

31.853

54.889

44.701

0.07

31.833

54.781

44.583

0.08

31.814

54.674

44.464

0.09

31.795

55.076

44.971

0.10

31.777

55.024

44.921

0.15

31.74

54.801

44.674

0.20

31.706

54.581

44.427

0.25

31.673

54.362

44.182

0.30

31.672

54.164

43.939

14

Short Circuit Summary Report

3-Phase FaultCurrent

Bus
ID
B1

Device
kV

ID

Type

Device Capacity (kA)

Making
Peak

Ib sym

Short-Circuit Current (kA)

Ib asym

Idc

I"k

ip

79.766

181.348

Ib sym

Ib asym

Idc

Ik

0.240

B1

Bus

0.240

CB2

CB

220.000

100.000

102.111

79.766

181.348

77.920

83.044

28.718

0.240

CB6

CB

176.000

80.000

80.426

79.766

181.348*

77.219

77.219

17.549

B2

2.300

B2

Bus

20.506

51.136

17.417

Bus4

0.240

Bus4

Bus

79.766

181.348

68.754

0.240

CB6

CB

79.766

181.348*

UB

13.200

UB

Bus

32.117

90.256

176.000

80.000

80.426

68.754

77.219

79.188

31.492

ip is calculated using method A

Ib does not include decay of non-terminal faulted induction motors
Ik is the maximum steady state fault current
Idc is based on X/R from Method C and Ib as specified above
LV CB duty determined based on ultimate rating.
Total through current is used for device duty.
*Indicates a device with calculated duty exceeding the device capability.
# Indicates a device with calculated duty exceeding the device marginal limit ( 95 % times device capability)

Short Circuit Summary Report

Device Capacity

3-Phase
Short-Circuit
Current

Bus ID

Device ID

1thr (kA)

Tkr (sec.)

Ith (kA)

B1

CB2

100.000

1.00

75.613

B1

CB6

65.000

1.00

75.613*

Bus4

CB6

65.000

1.00

75.613*

1thr = Rated short-circuit withstand current

Tkr = Rated short-time
Ith = thermal equivalent short-time current
*Indicates a device with calculated duty exceeding the device capability.
# Indicates a device with calculated duty exceeding the device marginal limit ( 95 % times device capability )

15

17.549

B. ANSI SHORT CIRCUIT RESULT

FIGURE 5:

Single Line Diagram to consider ANSI SC Result

16

ETAP

Project: ANSI Calc Total Bus Fault Peak Current

Page:

Date:

10-19-2010

Contract:

SN:

FUJIHAYAPH

Engineer:

Revision: Ansi Breaker

6.0.0C

Location:

Study Case: SC

Filename: sample

Config.: Normal

Electrical Transient Analyzer

Program
Short-Circuit Analysis
ANSI Standard
3-Phase Fault Currents

Swing
Number of Buses:

Number of
Branches:

XFMR2
2

V-Control
0

Load
7

XFMR3

Reactor
0

Total
8

Line/Cable Impedance
0
0

Synchronous Power Synchronous Induction

Generator
Grid
Motor
Machines
Number of
Machines:

Tie PD

Total

Lumped
Load

Total

System Frequency:

60 Hz

Unit System:

English

Project Filename:

sample

Output Filename:

D:\Etap6.0 Projects\SC sample attachments_2010_10_18\Untitled.SA1

17

Adjustments
Apply
Adjustment

Individual
/Global

Transformer Impedance:

Yes

Individual

Reactor Impedance:

Yes

Individual

Overload Heater Resistance:

No

Transmission Line Length:

No

Cable Length:

No

Tolerance

Percent

Apply
Adjustment

Individual
/Global

Degree C

Transformer Resistance:

Yes

Global

20

Cable Resistance:

Yes

Global

20

Temperature Correction

Bus Input Data

Bus

Initial Voltage

ID

Type

Nom. kV

Base kV

Sub-sys

%Mag.

Ang.

B1

Load

0.240

0.240

100.00

0.00

B2

Load

2.300

2.300

100.00

0.00

Bus4

Load

0.240

0.240

100.00

0.00

Bus5

Load

2.300

2.300

100.00

0.00

Bus6

Load

2.300

2.300

100.00

0.00

Bus7

Load

2.300

2.300

100.00

0.00

Bus8

Load

2.300

2.300

100.00

0.00

UB

SWNG

13.200

13.200

100.00

0.00

8 Buses Total
All voltages reported by ETAP are in % of bus Nominal kV.
Base kV values of buses are calculated and used internally by ETAP

2-Winding Transformer Input Data

Transformer

Rating

Z Variation

% Tap Setting

Adjusted

Phase Shift

ID

MVA

Prim.
kV

T1

1.500

13.200

0.240

5.75

7.10

5.7500

Std Pos. Seq.

0.0

T2

5.000

13.200

2.300

7.15

12.14

7.1500

Std Pos. Seq.

0.0

Sec. kV

%Z

X/R

+5%

-5%

%Tol.

Prim.

Sec.

%Z

18

Type

Angle

Branch Connections
CKT/Branch

Connected Bus ID

% Impedance, Pos. Seq., 100 MVAb

ID

Type

From Bus

To Bus

T1

2W XFMR

UB

B1

53.48

379.58

383.33

T2

2W XFMR

UB

B2

11.74

142.52

143.00

CB6

Tie Breaker

B1

Bus4

CB7

Tie Breaker

B2

Bus5

CB8

Tie Breaker

B2

Bus6

CB9

Tie Breaker

B2

Bus7

CB10

Tie Breaker

B2

Bus8

Power Grid Input Data

% Impedance
100 MVA Base

Power Grid

Connected Bus

Rating

ID

ID

MVASC

kV

X/R

U1

UB

720.000

13.200

99999

0.00014

13.88889

Total Connected Power Grids ( = 1 ): 720.000 MVA

Induction Machine Input Data

Induction
Machine
ID

Connected Bus

Rating

% Impedance
(Motor Base)

X/R Ratio

Qty

ID

HP/kW

kVA

kV

RPM

M2

Bus5

500.00

440.28

2.300

1800

M3

Bus6

500.00

440.28

2.300

M4

Bus7

500.00

440.28

M5

Bus8

500.00

M1

Bus4

125.00

X"/R

X'/R

X"

X'

10.89

10.89

2.21

24.05

36.08

1800

10.89

10.89

2.21

24.05

36.08

2.300

1800

10.89

10.89

2.21

24.05

36.08

440.28

2.300

1800

10.89

10.89

2.21

24.05

36.08

110.12

0.240

1800

8.71

8.71

2.30

20.00

50.00

Motors

Total Connected Induction Machines ( = 5 ): 1871.3 kVA

Lumped Load Input Data

Lumped Load
Lumped Load Connected Bus

Motor Loads

Rating

% Load

Loading

X/R Ratio

Static Loads

% Imp. (Machine Base)

Loading

ID

ID

kVA

kV

MTR

STAT

kW

kvar

X"/R

X'/R

X"

X'

kW

kvar

L1

B1

1000.0

0.240

60

40

510.00

316.1

2.38

2.38

8.403

20.00

50.00

340.00

210.71

Total Connected Lumped Loads ( = 1 ): 1000.0 kVA

19

SHORT - CIRCUIT REPORT

B1

3-Phase fault at bus:

100.00% of nominal bus kV ( 0.240

kV )
100.00% of base ( 0.240
kV )

Prefault voltage = 0.240

=

Contribution

1/2 Cycle

From Bus

To Bus

%V

kA

kA

Imag.

ID

ID

From
Bus

kA
Symm.

Real

Imaginary

/Real

Magnitude

B1

Total

0.00

10.893

-67.489

6.2

68.362

UB

B1

96.57

8.165

-60.047

7.4

60.600

L1

B1

100.00

2.577

-6.134

2.4

6.653

M1

Bus4

100.00

0.150

-1.307

8.7

1.316

*Bus4

B1

0.00

0.150

-1.307

8.7

1316

NACD Ratio = 1.00

# Indicates a fault current contribution from a three-winding transformer
* Indicates a fault current through a tie circuit breaker
If faulted bus is involved in loops formed by protection devices, the short-circuit contribution through these PDs will not be reported

3-Phase fault at bus:

B2

Prefault voltage = 2.300

=
=

100.00% of nominal bus kV ( 2.300 kV )

100.00% of base ( 2.300 kV )

Contribution
From Bus

To Bus

ID

ID

B2

Total

1/2 Cycle
%V

1.5 to 4 Cycle

kA

kA

Imag.

kA
Symm.

From
Bus
0.00

Real

Imaginary

/Real

Magnitude

1.368

-17.787

13.0

17.840

kA

kA

Imag.

kA
Symm.

Real

Imaginary

/Real

Magnitude

0.00

1.311

-17.177

13.1

17.227

%V
From Bus

UB

B2

91.20

1.201

-15.965

13.3

16.010

91.19

1.199

-15.962

13.3

16.007

M5

Bus8

100.00

0.042

-0.456

10.9

0.458

100.00

0.028

-0.304

10.9

0.305

M4

Bus7

100.00

0.042

-0.456

10.9

0.458

100.00

0.028

-0.304

10.9

0.305

M3

Bus6

100.00

0.042

-0.456

10.9

0.458

100.00

0.028

-0.304

10.9

0.305

M2

Bus5

100.00

0.042

-0.456

10.9

0.458

100.00

0.028

-0.304

10.9

0.305

* Bus5

B2

0.00

0.042

-0.456

10.9

0.458

0.00

0.028

-0.304

10.9

0.305

* Bus6

B2

0.00

0.042

-0.456

10.9

0.458

0.00

0.028

-0.304

10.9

0.305

* Bus7

B2

0.00

0.042

-0.456

10.9

0.458

0.00

0.028

-0.304

10.9

0.305

* Bus8

B2

0.00

0.042

-0.456

10.9

0.458

0.00

0.028

-0.304

10.9

0.305

20

NACD Ratio = 1.00

# Indicates a fault current contribution from a three-winding transformer
* Indicates a fault current through a tie circuit breaker
If faulted bus is involved in loops formed by protection devices, the short-circuit contribution through these PDs will not be reported

3-Phase fault at bus:

B4

Prefault voltage = 0.240

=
=

100.00% of nominal bus kV ( 0.240 kV )

100.00% of base ( 0.240 kV )

From Bus
ID
Bus4

Contribution
To Bus
ID
Total

%V
From Bus
0.00

kA
Real
10.893

1/2 Cycle
kA
Imaginary
-67.489

Imag.
/Real
6.2

kA Symm.
Magnitude
68.362

M1
UB
L1

Bus4
B1
B1

100.00
96.57
100.00

0.150
8.165
2.577

-1.307
-60.047
-6.134

8.7
7.4
2.4

1.316
60.6
6.653

*B1

Bus4

0.00

10.743

-66.181

6.2

67.048

NACD Ratio = 1.00

# Indicates a fault current contribution from a three-winding transformer
* Indicates a fault current through a tie circuit breaker
If faulted bus is involved in loops formed by protection devices, the short-circuit contribution through these PDs will not be reported

3-Phase fault at bus:

UB

Prefault voltage = 13.200

=
=

Contribution
From
Bus

To
Bus

ID

100.00% of nominal bus kV ( 13.200 kV )

100.00% of base ( 13.200 kV )
1/2 Cycle

1.5 to 4 Cycle
kA

kA

Imag.

kA
Symm.

Real

Imaginary

/Real

Magnitude

0.00

0.037

-31.742

863.6

31.742

0.128

4.81

0.018

-0.052

2.8

0.055

0.289

6.50

0.018

-0.198

11.0

0.199

31.492

100.00

0.000

-31.492

99999.0

31.492

%V

kA

kA

Imag.

kA Symm.

ID

From
Bus

Real

Imaginary

/Real

Magnitude

UB

Total

0.00

0.068

-31.901

470.9

31.901

B1

UB

11.24

0.041

-0.121

2.9

B2

UB

9.44

0.026

-0.288

11.0

U1

UB

100.00

0.000

-31.492

99999.0

%V
From Bus

NACD Ratio = 1.00

# Indicates a fault current contribution from a three-winding transformer
* Indicates a fault current through a tie circuit breaker
If faulted bus is involved in loops formed by protection devices, the short-circuit contribution through these PDs will not be reported

21

Momentary Duty Summary Report

3-Phase Fault Currents: (Prefault
Voltage = 100% of the Bus Nominal
Voltage

Bus

Device

Momentary Duty

Device Capability

ID

kV

ID

Type

Symm.
kA rms

X/R
Ratio

M.F.

Asymm
kA rms

Asymm.
kA Crest

B1

0.240

B1

Bus

68.362

6.9

1.342

91.741

157.859

B2

2.300

B2

Bus

17.840

13.1

1.496

26.68

45.067

Bus4

0.240

Bus4

Bus

68.362

6.9

1.342

91.741

157.859

UB

13.200

UB

Bus

31.901

999.9

1.728

55.139

90.088

Symm
kA
rms

Asymm.
kA rms

Method : IEEE - X/R is calculated from separate R and X networks.

Protective device duty is calculated based on total fault current
* Indicates a device with momentary duty exceeding the device capability

Interrupting Duty Summary Report

3-Phase Fault Currents:

Bus

(Prefault Voltage = 100% of the Bus Nominal Voltage

Device

Interrupting Duty
CPT

ID

kV

B1

0.240

B2

2.300

Bus4

0.240

UB

13.200

ID
CB6

CB6

Type
Molded
Case
Molded
Case

Test

Rated

Adjusted

Ratio

M.F.

kA rms

kV

PF

Int.

Int.

68.362

6.9

1.070

73.118

0.240

20.00

85.000

85.000

17.227

13.1

68.362

6.9

1.070

73.118

0.240

20.00

85.000

85.000

(Cy)

31.742

X/R

Device Capability
Adj. Sym.

99184.7

Method: IEEE - X/R is calculated from separate R and X networks.

HV CB interrupting capability is adjusted based on bus nominal voltage
Short-Circuit multiplying factor for LV Molded Case and Insulated Case Circuit Breakers is calculated based on peak current.
Generator protective device duty is calculated based on maximum through fault current. Other protective device duty is calculated
based on total fault current.
* Indicates a device with interrupting duty exceeding the device capability.

22

Asymm
kA
Crest

C. ANSI/IEEE Short Circuit Method (for Manual Calculation)

Impedance Diagram Development @ 100 MVA base

XU
RT2

RT1
XT1
RM1
XM1

where:

B2

B1

XT2
RM3

RM2

RL
XL

XM2

XM3

HP(0.746)
(Eff)(pf)(100)
500(0.746)
(1000)(0.9325)(0.9082)

MOTOR (MVA) =
RM4

RM5

XM4

XM5

M2 =

M2 = 0.440 MVA

Figure 6: Impedance Diagram

1. X U

2. R T1

3. X T1

4. R T2

5. X T2

6. R M1

7. X M1

8. R L

9. X L

10. X M2M5
11. R M2M5

100
j 0.13889
720
100
0.575costan 7.1
0.53463
1.5
100
0.575sin tan 7.1
j 3.79587
1.5
100
0.0715costan 12.14 0.11739
5
100
0.0715sin tan 12.14 j1.42157
5
100
0.2costan 8.707 20.74547
0.11
100
0.2sin tan 8.707
j180.63078
0.11
100
0.2costan 2.38 12.91214
1.00.6
100
0.2sin tan 2.38 j30.73089
1.00.6
100
0.24051sin tan 10.888 j54.43227

0.44
100
0.24051sin tan 10.888 12.91214

0.44
j

23

Solving for cycle 3 phase fault at

Z T B1

T2

Z M2 Z M3 Z M4 Z M5 Z U Z T1 Z M1 Z L

0.56271
I T3 B

j3.44496

3.49062 80.72

B2

Z M2 Z M3 Z M4 Z M5
0.10787

I T3 B 2

100 x 10 6
68.9 kA
3 240 3.49062

Solving for cycle, 3phase fault at

Z T B2

B1

M1

Z L Z T1 Z U Z T2

j1.40240 1.40655 85.6

100 x 10 6
17.85 kA
3 2300 1.40655

IEC Short Circuit Calculation

1. XUK

j0.13889

2. RT1K
K
K

0.534630.965

0.51592

0.965 as per60909IECformula
Cmax
0.965
; ZK ZT K
1 0.6XT

Cmax 1.1 Table1 of 60909 0

3. XT1K j3.795870.965 j3.66301

4. RT2K 0.117391.0

0.11739

5. XT2

j1.42517

j1.425171.0

6. RM1K 20.745470.8

7. XM1K j180.630780.8
8. RLK
9. XLK

12.912140.77

j30.730890.77

16.596
j144.505
9.942
j23.66

10. XM2KM5K j54.432270.64 34.837

11. RM2KM5K 4.999290.64
24

3.199

Solving for 3 phase fault at

Z TK B1

T2K

B1

Z M2K Z M3 K Z M4K Z M5K Z UK Z T1K Z M1K Z L

0.54641
I"K B

I"K B

j3.22821

100 x 10 6 1.1
3 240 3.27412

Solving for 3 phase fault at

Z TK B 2

, I "K

B2

3.27412 80.39

80 kA

, I "K

Z M2K Z M3K Z M4K Z M5K

0.10307

1.32948 85.6

j1.32547

M1K

Z LK Z T1K Z UK Z T2K

100 x 10 6 1.1
17.85 kA
3 2300 1.32948

* It is therefore the basic inclusion of factors C m and k that increases the calculated short-circuit of IEC
method when being compared to the result of the ANSI method.

25

VIII.

Protective Devices Selection and evaluation

X/R Ratio for Breaker Evaluation

The fault point X/R ratio is a critical factor in the calculation of short circuit current when evaluating breakers.
The X/R ratio determines the amount of dc component in the short circuit current and in the application to the
circuit breaker withstands and interrupting time duties. ANSI/IEEE C37.010-1999 recommends a separate R and
jX network reduction to determine the fault point X/R ratio while IEC 61909 allows several methods to provide a
conservative X/R ratio.
The peak current calculation that yields a very close approximation to the exact peak current and is conservative
for most values of circuit X/R ratios greater than 0.81. The non-conservative errors for circuit X/R ratio around 10
are negligible. Please refer to equation below:

Half cycle I ac peak 1 e X / R or

ANSI / IEEE

2 I ac rms 1 e X / R

Half cycle I ac peak 1.02 0.98 e X / R or

IEC 60909

2 I ac rms 1.02 0.98 e X / R

Circuit Breaker Short Circuit Test Parameters

Based on IEC 60947-2, the circuit breakers short circuit breaking capacity, power factor and ratio, , between
short circuit making capacity and short circuit breaking capacity should be in accordance with Table 5.
Table 5: Circuit Breakers Short Circuit Breaking Capacity
Short circuit breaking
capacity,
Ib, kA rms
4.5 I 6
6 < I 10
10 < I 20
20 < I 50
50 < I

Lagging
Power
factor
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.25
0.2

X/R
1.02
1.73
3.18
3.87
4.9

Minimum value required for

Short-circuit making capacity
= Short-circuit breaking capacity
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.1
2.2

Ratio between Short-circuit making capacity and Short-circuit breaking capacity and related power factor or X/R
ratio (for ac circuit breaker).
26

Based on NEMA AB1/UL489, the circuit breakers interrupting capacity, lagging power factor should be in
accordance with Table 6.
Table 6: Circuit Breakers Interrupting Capacity
kA
I 10
10 < I 20
20 < I
All
All

MCCB and ICB

Power Circuit Breaker (Unfuse)
Power Circuit Breaker (Fuse)

lagging pf
0.45 0.5
0.25 0.30
0.15 0.20
0.15
0.20

X/R
1.98 1.73
3.87 3.17
6.59 4.90
6.59
4.90

IX. Findings and Results

From the result of ETAP Total Bus Fault Short Circuit Study, the following results were found:
Table 7: IEC Short Circuit Calculation
Bus
ID

Device

B1

CB2

Device Capacity (kA)

Making
Ib sym Ib asym
Peak
176

80

80.426

Short Circuit Calculation Result (kA)

I"b

ip

Ib sym

Ib asym

79.8

181.348*

77.219

79.188

Note: Method A, Total Bus Fault

From the data in Table 7, the calculated short circuit current level of 79.8kA (Ik) is within the circuit breaker

capacity of 80 kA (Ib sym), however, other parameters such as peak short circuit current ( ip) is 181.348 kA
exceeded the circuit breaker rating equivalent to 176 kA (making peak) only. Therefore, the selected IEC rated
circuit breaker is not suitable for this particular application.
The reason for this difference is that the calculated X/R ratio at 3-phase fault at point B1 is 5.9, which is greater
than the device capacity X/R ratio of only 4.9 (see ETAP IEC method result above) applied during the testing of
circuit breaker interrupting capacity or the Icu rating of the circuit breaker.
Table 8: ANSI Short Circuit Calculation
Bus
ID

Device

B1

CB2

Device Capacity (kA)

Rated Int.

Adj. Int

85.0

85.0

Short Circuit Calculation Result (kA)

Sym
Adj. Sym
X/R ratio
M.F
rms
rms
68.362
6.9
1.07
73.118

From the data in Table 8, the calculated symmetrical rms current of 68.362 kA needs to be adjusted by the
multiplying factor (MF) of 1.070 (see computation below) resulting to 73.118 kA. This is because the calculated
X/R ratio 6.9 is greater than the X/R ratio used in testing the circuit breaker interrupting capacity which is only 4.9
(Table 6). Comparing the adjusted symmetrical rms value of 73.118 kA against the selected NEMA rated device
interrupting capacity of 85kA, the selected circuit breaker is suitable for the particular application.
27

MF

1 e
1 e

R

X C
R

X T

1 e
1 e

6 .9 C
1

4 .9 T

1.07

Where:

R

X C

- Break test R/X ratio

- Calculated R/X ratio at the point fault

MF - Multiplying factor

X.

Conclusion and Recommendation

From the above short circuit calculation examples, IEC method shows a higher value of short circuit current as
compared to ANSI/IEEE calculation method. This is due to the differences in the consideration as mentioned
above. Both methods are being used and internationally acceptable.
In any electrical system, it is important to know the short circuit level of each of the protective equipment.
However, we should not forget to verify the X/R ratio of the faulted bus against the circuit breaker test power
factor or X/R ratio based on their product standard (e.g. UL/NEMA/ANSI or IEC). The example above
illustrates clearly the importance of X/R ratio in evaluating or selecting the circuit breaker. Understanding the
relationship between the product standards and electrical codes is of utmost importance.
It is up to the engineers/designers to decide which method of short circuit calculation they are more comfortable
with provided they have to take note of the different considerations in the selection of the protective equipment.

28

XI. References
1 IEEE Std 551-2006, IEEE Recommended Practice for Calculating Short-Circuit currents in
Industrial and Commercial Power System.
2 IEEE Papers, Simplifying IEEE/ANSI and IEC Fault Point X/R Ratio for Breaker Evaluation
by Ketut Dartawan and Conrad St. Pierre
3 IEC 60497-1:2009, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear - Part 1: General rules
4 IEC 60497-2:2009, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear - Part 2: Circuit-breakers
5 ANSI C37.5-1989, Calculation of Fault Currents for Application of Power Circuit Breakers
Rated on a Total Current Basis
6 UL 489-1986, Molded Case Circuit Breaker and Circuit Breakers Enclosure
7 IEC 60909-0, Corrigendum 1 - Short-circuit currents in three-phase A.C. systems - Part 0:
Calculation of currents
8 Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) Software version 6.0

29

Appendix

Courtesy of ABB Phil., Inc.

proM Compact

Technical features

S 200

of MCBs S 200 series

Series
Characteristics
Rated current

[A]

Breaking capacity

[kA]

Reference standard
IEC 23-3/EN 60898
IEC/EN 60947 - 2
Alternating current

Nr.
Poles
lcs
lcu

1, 1P +
N
2,3,4
2,3,4

lcs

1, 1P +
N

B,C,D
K,Z

S 200 P
B,C,D
K,Z

B,C,D
K,Z

0.5 ln 63

0.2 ln 25

32 ln 40

50 ln 63

80 LN 100

10

25

15

15

133
230
230
400
500
690

20
10
20
10

25
15
25
15

40
25
40
25

25
15
25
15

25
15
25
15

15
6
10
6

133

15

18.7

20

18.7

18.7

15

Ue [V]
230 / 400

S 200
B,C,D
K,Z

S 200 M
B,C,D
K,Z

0.5 ln 63

30

S 280
B,C

(continued )

2,3,4
2,3,4

IEC/EN 60497 - 2
Direct current
T= lR 5ms for all
series
except S280 UC and
S800S-UC
where T = lR <15ms

lcu

1, 1P +
N

3,4

lcs

1, 1P +
N

3,4

230
230
400
500
690

7.5
15
7.5

11.2
18.7
11.2

12.5
20
12.5

11.2
18.7
11.2

7.5
18.7
7.5

6
10
6

24
60
125
250
48
125
250
500
600
800
375
500
750
1000
1200

20
10

10

15

10

10

10

20
10

10

15

10

10

10

24
60
125
250
48
125
250
500
600
800
375

20
10

10

15

10

10

10

20
10

10

15

10

10

10

31

(continued )
500
750
1000
1200
UL 1077 / C22.2
No 235
Alternating current

lnt.
cap.

1, 1P +
N
2,3,4

UL 1077 / C22.2
No 235
Direct current
UL 489/ C22.2
No 5
Alternating current

lnt.
cap.

IEC / EN 60947 - 3

lcw

lnt.
cap.

1, 1P +
N
2,3,4
1
2,3,4

2
3,4

120
277
240
480Y /
277

10
6
10

10
10
10

10
10
10

10
10
10

10

10

10

60
125

10
10

240
277
240
480y /
277
800
1200

<50 A

32