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Curso Yoruba (English) by POWERNINE
Curso Yoruba (English) by POWERNINE
Introduction
The following study module is called Kker Yorb, which means Little Yorb in
English. It is a very brief introduction presenting only the very basic elements of the
Yorb language including basic pronunciation and vocabulary. If was born from
Yorb culture and many of the praise songs, prayers and invocations that we use each
day are written in Yorb.
Further, for the student serious about learning Yorb the challenge also presents an
opportunity to learn more about not just the culture, but also the religion and deeper
philosophical ideas supporting If itself. Yorb is a language rich with meaning that can
be interpreted at various levels. What is presented here is just the first of many steps in
learning this beautiful and powerful language.
gb
The Yorb alphabet contains 25 letters, with each letter representing its own unique
sound. As you can see from the above table, the Yorb alphabet uses characters not
found in the English alphabet. These characters also have unique pronunciations that will
be addressed in subsequent sections.
Learning the Yorb alphabet is important for students of rs because in addition to
being the first step in learning the language it also allows the traditional If devotee to
determine when a word has been changed through interaction with another rs based
language, such as Lukumi. The presence of letters not native to the Yorb alphabet, such
as the letter c (very common in many Lukumi words), would indicate a word that has
since been changed from the original Yoruba.
In fact, the Yorb language has a way to indicate words borrowed from another
language through the use of tonal marks. However, this falls into a more advanced level
of study and is being presented for the purpose of general information only at this time.
Sound
Example
ah
father
ay
bait
eh
let
ee
bee
oh
boat
aw
got
oo
moon
say
sh
shop
Proper Pronunciation of
rs Names
Oldmar
Oh-loh-doo-mah-ray
Ay-shoo
sun
Aw-shoon
Sng
Shahn-go
Oya
Aw-yah
gn
Oh-goon
ss
Aw-shaw-see
Obtl
Aw-bah-tah-lah
Yemoja
Yay-maw-jah (hard j)
rnml
Aw-roon-mee-lah
bej
Ee-bay-jee (hard j)
Olkun
Oh-loh-koon
Or
Oh-ree
Egngn
Ay-goon-goon
The tonal marks may be likened to DO, RE and MI on the musical scale. DO represents
the low tonal mark. RE represents the middle tone (with no mark). MI represents the high
tonal mark. When using this tool one can easily see how speaking Yorb can be very
much like singing a song.
If we examine the following word Baba we can see that there are no tonal markings,
which would indicate that this word would be pronounced with an even mid-tonality.
Examining the word Dd we can see that both vowels have a high tonal marking
indicating the need to say the entire word at a higher pitch.
Lastly, an examination of the work y illustrates the use of both a low and high tone
in the same word. This means that the word would start off with a lower pitch and end on
a higher one.
Many Yorb words have varied tonality within the same word. For example, lf
displays a variety of tones, starting with a low tone moving into another low tone,
followed by two high tones and ending once again on a low tone. The best way to get a
feel for this somewhat complex pronunciation is by saying the word slowly, carefully
emphasizing both proper pronunciation and pitch.
To understand just how important proper pitch is when speaking Yorb, we present the
following three words with their tonal marks and meaning. Note the significant
differences between all three words. It is easy to see how neglecting to use proper pitch
along with proper pronunciation could easily lead to miscommunications in verbal
dialogs and mistranslated words in written communications.
be
It often helps to work with a partner when learning Yorb as it makes it easier to hear
what is being said rather than trying to both speak and listen at the same time. This is one
area where only practice and dedication enable the student to develop the skill required to
recognize and emulate proper pitch when speaking the Yorb language.
Yorb Numbers
The Yorb language handles counting, cardinal and ordinal numbers differently. For the
purposes of this study module, only the counting and cardinal numbers 1 through 10 will
be presented. This will be expanded in future study modules.
Counting
Cardinal
okan
kan
ej
mj
eta
mta
erin
mrin
arnn
mrnn
ef
mf
eje
mje
ejo
mjo
esnn
msnn
10
ew
mw
Yorb Colors
A thorough discussion on the Yorb color scheme requires a very detailed study of not
just chromatics, but also philosophy, religion and culture as well. It is well beyond the
intention of this module to fully explain the basis of the traditional Yorb color scheme,
however, the Yorb words for the most basic colors are presented below.
It should be noted that the traditional Yorb color scheme involves only three colors
black, red and white. Rather than viewing them as finite colors the Yorb viewed these
as spectrums on a single continuum that, while distinct, would blend into one another.
Within these three basic colors all colors could be classified. For example, a dark blue
would be classified in the black category, while orange may be classified in the red
category.
The Yorb have since developed names for individual colors, both by borrowing words
from other cultures and using comparison to descript the quality of the color itself. Some
examples may be found below.
Yorb Word
Black
Dd
Red
Pupa
White
Funfun
Blue
Yellow
Grey
r b er (comparison to ash)
Green
Abrs
bor
boy
bosse
dm
dr
Prayer
Ako
lf
se
Awo
yw
Baba/Baba mi
Father/My father
Babalrs
Ebo
Sacrifice or offering
This may be used to indicate the offering of blood to the rs,
rndnlgn
Taboo
Egb
Blood
Emu pe
Palm wine
Epo pupa
Ew
Leaf or leaves
Ibi
bor
Id
Igb
Ikin If
Il
lk
Ire
y/y mi
Mother/My mother
ylrs
Ob bt
Kola nut
Obnrin
Od If
gbr
Oknrin
Olrs
Olwo
Omi tt
Cool water
Omir
Omo
pl
If divination chain
Shea butter
Ork
Orin
Song
Orgb
Ose Dd/
Ose Aldn
Black soap
Ot
Ow
Money
Oyin
Honey