Professional Documents
Culture Documents
................................................................................................................... 3
1. ................................................................................ 4
1.1 ................................................................ 5
1.2 ........................................................................... 6
1.3 ........................................................................................ 7
1.4 ................................................................... 8
1.5 ....................................................................... 9
1.6 ....................................................... 10
1.7 BIOS .......................................................................................... 11
1.8 CMOS ................................................................................ 11
2. ....................................................................... 12
2.1 ............................................................................................ 13
3. ................................................................... 15
4. ..................................................................................................... 16
PC ,
.
()
.
PC
.
.
.
, (), () .
(, , , )
.
1.
1.1
,
.
.
(ATX ) 20
:
+3,3V, +5V, -5V, +12V, -12V,
+5VSB,
PS-ON
PW-OK (
power good PG).
(ATX 12V ) .
Pentijum 4 .
+12V
.
1.2 (SOCKET)
90%
.
() .
.
,
Pin Array Cartridge (PAC). PAC
(VLIF).
PAC418 - Itanium
PAC611 - Itanium 2
1.3 (CHIPSETS)
.
,
.
.
SiS .
(Northbridge)
(Southbridge).
(NORTHBRIDGE)
.
:
.
AGP PCIe
.
.
(SOUTHBRIDGE)
(PS/2, , IDE )
.
PS/2, USB, .
Southbridge LAN,
, FireWire (IEEE 1394).
Southbridge
PCI, USB
: Acer Labs (ALi/ULi),AMD,ATI,Intel,NVIDIA,Silicon
Integrated Systems (SiS),VIA Technologies (VIA).
1.4
.
, 7,5 28 cm 1.25
cm. ,
.
: , , .
:
ISA
PCI
AGP
PCIe
AMR
CNR
PCI
PCI (Peripheral Component
Interconnect) . ( 7.5 cm)
. PCI
Pentium . , TV ,
.
PCI
AGP
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
. , 3D
, PCI ISA . AGP
PC-.
PCI
PCI .
AGP :
PCIe
PCI Express
(PCIe). AGP PCI. AGP-a
PCI-a.
PCIe 1X, 2X, 4X,
8X,12X, 16X, i 32X. AGP .
PCIe ,
. : x1. x1
( 2.5 cm).
; , .
PCIe
PCIe
. PCIe
, PCIe
.
PCI-E - :
x1
250 MB/s
x2
500 MB/s
x4
1000 MB/s
8
x8
2000 MB/s
x16 4000 MB/s
x32 8000 MB/s
1.5
(R)
.
.
2 6,
.
(DDR DDRII)
,
( )
( ).
(
),
.
.
.
.
.
1.6
:
.
(FDD-)
.
34
.
( 1 ),
. 1
( ).
5,
.
ATA
. IDE .
, 40 ,
( , CD ROM, DVD ROM ).
,
,
. ()
. , IDE
( 1) ,
1 . , IDE
20, ,
IDE
.
ATA
, SATA .
, 7 ,
.
,
(4 8 ).
SATA
RAID ,
10
, /
.
1.7 BIOS
, / (BIOS) .
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
. BIOS
: (Compaq, IBM, HP ),
, , BIOS. ,
BIOS (AMI,
Phoenix/Award, Winbond, etc).
1.8 CMOS
PC
. : , ,
.
Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) ., CMOS (
si mos) ; BIOS.
, .
, .
CMOS ( )
CMOS
CMOS .
11
, . CMOS
.
2.
,
.
,
12
RS232 (COM1 COM 2).
, , USB
( ),
(USB Universal Serial
Bus).
, RJ-45
.
, SPDIF
(Sony/Philips Digital InterFace)
.
2.1
.
:
ps/2 ,
,
,
USB ,
FireWire , .
PS/2
ps/2 ,
, .
USB .
13
( RS232 )
.
(
centronics EIA)
.
8
,
. ,
(10 ).
USB
USB
()
"
" - .
15
150
.
.
FireWire
FireWire (IEEE 1394)
.
14
)
.
, . HDMI (High-Definition
Multimedia Interface - /
), eSATA ( - SATA
) .
eSATA
HDMI
3.
, Form
Factor ,
. ATX ,
mATX ,
ATX . ,
ATX-a, .
Intelov BTX .
PC/XT - IBM ,
IBM-PC.
IBM-PC-a.
AT form factor (Advanced Technology) - 'form factor'
. PC/XT-a.
386 . ATX-a
.Baby AT - , ,
AGP .
15
ATX - . ATX
, .
Mini-ATX - X, ( ).
microATX - microATX, .
FlexATX - microATX-a,
, .
LPX - Western Digital. OEM
.
Mini LPX - LPX-a.
NLX - '-' ,
.
BTX (Balanced Technlogy Extended) -
Intel, ATX-a.
microBTX i picoBTX - BTX .
Mini-ITX - VIA, ,
.
WTX () (Workstation Technlogy Extended) -
, ,
.
4.
http://www.informatika.buzdo.com/s370.htm
http://tutoriali.org/Hardware.html
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati%C4%8Dna_plo%C4%8Da
http://itc.wikidot.com/maticna-ploca
16