________

________
_________________________________
x
_________________________

)*!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

1895 x
1897 (J.J.Thomson)__________
1900 ___________(1918)
1903
1905 _________________
1905 _____________(1921)()
1906

1911
1912 .____________________
1913 __________________
1913 __________(1922)
()
1914 -____________(1925)
1915 __________________(1923)
1917
1919 ____________
1923 _________(1927)
1923 ____________(1929)
1925 ______________(1932)
1926 _______________
(1933)
1926 (1954)
1927 ________(
)
1927 (G.P.Thomson J.J.Thomson )________
79

23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.

()
1927
1927 _________________________(1933)
1930 S.Chandrasekhar(1983)
1931 Ernest Ruske ____________(1986)(!)
1932 ____________
1935

1948 Tomonaga _________________(1965)

Physics World

1879-1955

1642-1727

1831-1879

1885-1962

1901-1976

1564-1642

1918-1988

1902-1984

1887-1961

10

1871-1938

1885
____________

_______________

1.
2.

_____________________

80

1.
e/m

2.
+

A2

A1

+
(1)
(2)
(3) 10-2 10-4mmHg
_________

3.
(1)
(A) A1A2 E A1
A2_______
(B) B

(2)

Fe = eEF = evB
E
eE = evB v =
B
(3) e/m
1. R

2. y

81

4.

= 176
. 1011
m

5.

. 10 19 m = 911
. 1031
e = 16

1. ( )
2. ( )
3. ( )
4. ( )
5. ( )
6. ( )
7. ( )
8. ( )
9. (

2,3,4,5,6,8
(A) (B) X
(C) (D) (E)
ABCE

(E)

(A) (B) (C) (D)

C
X (A)
(B) (C) (D)
(E)
B

82

..!
1._______

2.
3.

4.
5.
_______

1.6
10-19

Fe
Fg

(A) (B) (C)

(D)
a

(A) (B) (C)

(E)

(D)

1. ( )
2. ( )
3. J.J. e/m ( )
4. (1.6 10-19 )(
5. ( )
6. ( )
7. ( )
8. ( )
8

83

Y !

X (discovered)(developed)
1870 1880 1895

x _______

x
______ x
x

x
x __________________
x
1.(Barkla) x x
2.-(M.T.F.Von Laue) x () x

3.(W.L.Bragg) x () x

4.X _______________
x
1.x
2.x
3.x
x
x
x
4. x x
x
5.

84

1.________
2.________ 99% 1% x
3680
X (A) (B) (C) (D)

X 20000
X
0.62

x 3 107 /

(A) x
(B)
(A)4.8

(B)6.25 1017 Hz

100 x

0.124 , 2.42 1019 Hz

85