Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. (a) (i) The plant tissue cannot carry out photosynthesis / produce its own
sugar,
so it needs an external supply for sugar for respiration to release energy
and as raw material for growth
Effective communication (C)
(ii) The genetic make-up of the daughter plants was the same as that of the
parent plant
because the daughter plants were formed by mitosis of the parent tissues
cells.
(iii) For plant B, the sterilized soil had no microorganisms
for recycling the fallen leaves into minerals
After several weeks, the minerals in the soil became exhausted, so
insufficient chlorophyll was made.
(iv) This method is a faster / surer way of producing daughter plants.
The desirable characteristics of the parent can be retained in the
daughter plants.
1.
(b) (i)
(1) Z
Deficiency of vitamin D will lead to poor bone growth.
As Z is not strong enough, the body weight exerting on it will
cause it to bend.
(2) The body produces it own vitamin D under sunlight / UV light.
(ii) Because when producing movements, one muscle contracts, the other
relaxes / the contraction of M bends the arm and that of N extends the
arm.
(iii) Title (T)
Position of load, effort, fulcrum correct.
Direction of arrows correct.
The weight of the forearm forms the load.
The force generated by the contraction of muscle M forms the effort.
The elbow joint forms the fulcrum.
1
1.
(c) (i)
(ii) In the healthy person, the initial rise in blood glucose level stimulates
the secretion of insulin
by the pancreas
while there is no / less insulin secretion in the diabetic person.
Insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen in the liver /
uptake of glucose by body cells,
So the increase of blood glucose level in the healthy person is smaller.
Effective communication (C)
(iii) Since the 36th minute, the blood glucose level of the diabetic person is
higher than the upper limit for complete reabsorption of glucose,
so glucose is present in the filtrate / urine in the collecting duct.
The water potential of the filtrate / urine is lowered by the glucose
present,
Thus the reabsorption of water is reduced
and a larger volume of urine would be produced.
2.
2.
(b) (i)
(1) stoma
(2) It allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaf
for photosynthesis in cell B.
(2) Atmospheric oxygen dissolves into the water film on the moss leaf
and then diffuses in
through the entire surface of the leaf.
OR
At night, moss cells carry out respiration only and thus lower the
oxygen concentration in the cells.
Atmospheric oxygen dissolves into the water film on the moss leaf
and diffuses into the leaf.
2.
3.
(a) (i)
(1) x = 1.5
y = 1.2
(2) x represents the amount of water absorbed by the plant.
y represents the amount of water transpired / lost by the plant.
(b) (i)
(1) Mammal
(2) Body covered with hair
3.
(c) (i)
4.
Parents
Individual 6
ff
Gamete
Offsprings
ff
All offsprings have normal fingers
(iv) Due to the frequent loud noises, the sensory hair cells are
over-stimulated
so they are damaged / become fewer in number.
(v) Hearing would be lost
because D, being damaged, cannot transmit nerve impulses to the
cerebrum
where the nerve impulses are interpreted into hearing.
Effective communication (C)
4.
(b) (i)
The blood pressure in the vein is much lower than that in the artery.
Reasons:
The blood in the artery is directly under the pumping action of the
heart, while that in the vein is not.
The blood in the vein has overcome great friction / resistance after
traveling over a long distance.
There is a loss of fluid from the blood during the formation of tissue
fluid.
Change in oxygen content of the blood in its circulation between the heart and the leg
4.
(c)
(i) From 20oC to 60oC, the rate of coagulation of milk by ginger juice
increases with increasing temperature.
From 80oC to 100oC, the rate of coagulation decreases as temperature
increases.
The rate of coagulation is highest at 60oC 80oC / is very low at 20oC
and 10oC.
Effective communication (C)
(ii) Fresh ginger juice contains an enzyme / a heat-sensitive substance that
converts soluble milk protein into the insoluble form
as the coagulating effect of fresh ginger juice is lost upon boiling /
deceases when the temperature of milk increases beyond 80oC.
(iii) In the stomach.
Coagulated milk protein, being in semi-solid form, can be retained in the
stomach for a longer period of time
for the protease to digest it.