LI CM N

Trc khi bc vo ni dung ca bi tiu lun, nhm chng em xin

c by t lng cm n chn thnh nht i vi thy Nguyn Hu
Quyn, thy tn ty dy d, truyn t v gip chng em
trong mn hc ny. Chng em xin gi li cm n ti trng i hc
Cng Ngh Thc Phm TP.HCM to mi trng cho chng em hc
tp, lm vic.
Mt ln na nhm chng em xin chn thnh cm n!

MC LC

LI M U

Bia l mt loi ung gii kht rt c a chung trn th gii

cng nh ti Vit Nam. c sn xut t nguyn liu chnh l Malt
i mch, hoa Houblon, Nc, Nm men, nguyn liu thay th khc.
N c hng v ngt nh c trng cho malt, hng thm v v ng
d chu ca hoa houblon, v vy m ngi ta rt d dng phn bit
n vi cac loai ung khc. Vi lp bt mn bia c tc dng gii
kht rt nhanh. Trong bia c cha nhiu cht dinh dng nh protein,
vitamin, cht khong....v rt tt cho h tiu ha, gip cho c th
khe mnh nu liu dng thch hp.
Vi nhng c tnh ca mnh, bia tr thnh mt loi ung hp
dn v c a chung. Trn th gii sn lng bia ngy cng tng
phc v nhu cu ca khch hng. Vit Nam l nc nhit i
nng m, bia l loi ung rt ph hp. Lng tiu th bia ti Vit
Nam tng trung bnh 12% giai on 2006-2010, tng 13% giai on
2011-2015. Nm 2013, Vit Nam tiu th 3 t lt bia, tng ng
khong 3 t USD. Trung bnh, mi ngi Vit tiu th khong 32 lt
bia/nm. Sn lng bia tiu th trong nc tng u hng nm, t
1,29 t lt nm 2003 tng ln 2,8 t lt nm 2012 v 3 t lt nm 2013.
D bo, kh nng sn lng bia Vit Nam c th t 4,2-4,5 t lt vo
nm 2015. Trong nhng nm gn y ngnh cng nghip sn xut
bia Vit Nam c nhng bc chuyn mnh m. Nhiu nh my bia
c thnh lp vi cng sut hng chc triu lt/nm, vi vic p
dng khoa hc k thut tin tin vo sn xut lm cho nng sut
cng nh cht lng ca bia ngy cng c nng cao, nhng vn
cha p ng ht nhu cu ca th trng c v cht lng cng nh
s lng. Xut pht t nhu cu thc t, mc tiu v li ch nn vic
xy dng thm cc nh my bia vi thit b hin i cung cp cho

ngi tiu dng mt loai bia c cht lng cao, gi ph hp l cn

thit. Hn na, bia l mt ngnh sn xut em li li nhun cao, kh nng thu hi
vn nhanh, v l ngun thu quan trng cho ngn sch quc gia.
Xut pht t cc nhu cu thc t trn, nhm chng em s trnh by thit k
nh my bia nng sut 30 triu lt/nm, vi yu cu trng tm l Thit l p m t bng
phn xng chnh cua nh my bia (kem theo hnh ct). y l mt nh my vi nng
sut trung bnh, nu c trang b v t chc hp l s c kh nng thch ng linh hot
vi qui m sn xut trung bnh, cng nh c kh nng m rng qui m sn xut.

PHN I: CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH

1. La chn loi bia sn xut

Hin nay Vit Nam lng bia vng c tiu th mnh nht. Do
nhm chng em la chn loi bia sn xut c cht lng cao v
c tiu th mnh nht l bia vng.

Bng 1: Ch tiu cm quan

TT

Tn ch tiu

Cht lng

Mu sc

Mu vng sng

Trng thi

Dng lng, trong sut, khng c cn, khng

ln tp cht

bt

Bt trng, nh, mn, c bm dnh thnh

cc

Mi

C mi thm cua Malt i mch v hoa

Houblon, khng c mi l.l

C v ng nh c trng cua hoa Houblon

Bng 1: Ch tiu cm quan

TT

Tn ch tiu

n v tnh

Bia hi

Bia Chai

Hm lng cht tan ban u % khi lng

10,5 oBx

12 oBx

Hm lng Etanol

%v/v

4,0 0,2

5,00,2

Hm lng CO2

g/l

4,7 0,2

4,7 0,2

axit

S ml NaOH
1,3 0,1
0,1N /10ml bia

1,3 0,1

pH

4,4 0,2

4,4 0,2

Hm lng cht ng

mg/l

182

222

Hm lng Diaxetyl

mg/l

0,2

0,1

Bng 2: Ch tiu ha l

TT

Tn ch tiu

n v tnh

Mc cht lng

Tng s VSV hiu kh

CFU/ml sn phm

10

E. coli,

CFU/ml sn phm

Staphylococcus aureus

CFU/ml sn phm

Streptococci faecal

CFU/ml sn phm

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

CFU/ml sn phm

Clostridium perfringens

CFU/ml sn phm

Bng 3: Cc ch tiu vi sinh (bia chai)

2. Chn nguyn liu
Nguyn liu chnh dng cho sn xut bia trong nh my l malt i mch, v
nguyn liu dng thay th cho malt l go vi t l 20% nhm gim gi thnh sn
phm, hoa houblon to hng v c trng cho bia,nc v cc cht ph tr khc.
2.1 Malt i mch
Ht i mch tri qua qu trnh ngm, m mm s tr thnh ht malt ti; ht
malt ti li tip tc qua qu trnh sy, tch r v nh bng s tr thnh ht malt kh
tiu chun c th bo qun di ngy trong iu kin kh, mt v c s dng sn
xut bia. Trong qu trnh x l ht i mch tr thnh ht malt hon thin h
enzyme trong ht c hot ha v tng cng hot lc, c bit l h enzyme thuy

phn thc hin qu trnh chuyn ha cc cht cao phn t to ra cht chit cua dch
ng.
Nh my s dng loi malt c ngun gc t i mch hai hng, chu yu c nhp t
c hoc mt s nc chu u nh: c, an Mch...
Nh my sn xut bia vng nn nguyn liu l malt vng, ta chn loi malt c cht
lng tt tha mn nhng ch tiu sau:

TT

Tn ch tiu

Cht lng

Mu sc

Ht malt c mu vng rm, sng ng nh

Mi v

V c trng cho malt vng l v ngt nh hay ngt du,

c hng thm c trng, khng c c mi v l.

sch

Malt cho php l 0,5% ht gy v, 1% cc tp cht khc.

Bng 4: Ch tiu cm quan

TT

Tn ch tiu

n v tnh

Cht lng

Hm m

Thi gian ng ha

pht

15

ha tan

78

pH

5,5

Bng 5: Ch s ha hc l
2.2 Go
C nhiu nguyn liu thay th nh i mch cha m mm, ng cng c
khi ngi ta dng cc loi ng (gluco, saccaro, malto ...) lm nguyn liu thay
th. Tt c vi cng mc ch h gi thnh sn phm, ci tin mi v..
Nh my s dng go l nguyn liu dng ht c dng thay th mt phn
malt v go l nguyn liu r, nhiu, d dng chn la v mua ti Vit Nam, s gip
tiu th sn phm nng nghip. Hm lng cht chit cua go rt cao, tinh bt nhiu v
vy s gim c lng malt ng k. Go s lm bia nh v trung tnh.
Ngoi go ngi ta cng thng s dng nguyn liu thay th khc l ng, thng s
dng loi trng c ( hm lng tinh bt cao, protein thp). Mt tr ngi ln khi a
ng vo sn xut bia l phi cua chng qu ln, hm lng cht bo nhiu, kh lc v
gim bn keo cng nh kh nng to bt cua bia.
Cc ch tiu k thut cua go:

TT

Tn ch tiu

Cht lng

Hnh thi

ng nht v kch thc, khng c cm

Mi v

V c trng cho malt vng l v ngt nh hay ngt

du, c hng thm c trng, khng c c mi
v l.

sch

Tp cht khng qu 2%
Bng 6: Ch tiu cm quan

TT

Tn ch tiu

n v tnh

Cht lng

13

ho tan

87

Bng 7: Ch s ha l
2.3 Hoa houblon
Hoa houblon l nguyn liu c bn ng th hai (sau i mch) cua cng ngh
sn xut bia. Hoa houblon lm cho bia c v ng du, hng thm rt c trng lm
tng kh nng to v gi bn bt, lm tng bn keo v n nh thnh phn sinh
hc cua sn phm do co tnh khng khun. Do nhng c tnh cc k c bit nh vy
nn hoa houblon vn gi mt vai tr c tn v l nguyn liu khng th thay th
trong ngnh sn xut bia. V nc ta khng trng c hoa houblon, nh my ch s
dng hai loi ch phm hoa houblon l hoa vin v cao hoa vi t l 80/20.
2.3.1 Dng hoa vin
s dng thun tin d tn km trong thi gian bo qun v vn chuyn,
ngi ta nghin nt cnh hoa kh thnh dng bt. Sau cho qua my p vin nh
hnh thu gn v c bc trong giy c bit c np thm kh tr nh hoa cnh kh.
Gi tr cht lng c tnh theo -axit ng cua hoa cnh v hoa vin nh nhau. Song

hoa vin c hiu qu s dng cao hn nn tit kim tt hn. Loi hoa vin c su
dng l loi hoa vin nn 90 c cc ch tiu sau:
a. Ch tiu cm quan:

TT

Tn ch tiu

Cht lng

Mu sc

Xanh l m hi vng

Mi v

Mi thm c trng, v ng du.

- Hnh dng

Vin n khng v vn.

Bng 8: Ch tiu cm quan

b. Ch tiu ho hc.
Hm lng axit ng 6 1%.
2.3.2 Dng cao hoa
Hn hp cc cht ng c chit tch t hoa v em c c li. Tuy nhin khi
ch dng loi ny ta khng trch ly c polyphenol. Khng c li cho bn cua bia
nhng cht lng cht ng c bo qun tt hn, ng thi vic s dng khi nu vi
dch ng s thun li v hiu qu hn nhiu. Thng thng gi tr s dng trong 1kg
cao hoa tng ng 56kg hoa cnh hoc hoa vin.
Ch tiu cm quan ( bng 9)

TT

Tn ch tiu

Cht lng

Mu sc

Dng keo mu vng h phch.

Mi v

Mi thm c bit, d bay hi, d nhn mi. V ng r rt.

Bng 9

Ch tiu ho hc:

- Hm lng axit ng 401 %.

- Tan ht v c th to kt tua lng nhanh khi
un si vi nc hoa thm r rt, v ng du.
2.4 Nc
Trong qu trnh sn xut bia, nc c s dng rng ri trong mi khu, t
cc cng on chnh nh nu, lc ... n cc khu v sinh. Trong thnh phn bia, nc
cng chim mt lng ln (80 90%), gp phn hnh thnh nn hng v cua bia. Bi
vy, nc dng trong sn xut bia phi c cht lng tt, p ng c cc ch tiu
quan trng:
Ch tiu cm quan:
Nc trong, khng mi v, c th ung c.
Ch s sinh ha ( bng 10)

TT

Tn ch tiu

n v tnh

Cht lng

CaSO4

mg/l

170 10

Mg2+

mg/l

70

Fe+2, Fe+3

mg/l

0,2

Mui cacbonat

mg/l

50

Cl-

mg/l

100 20

Kh NH3 v cc mui NO3 NO2 mg/l

cng

pH

10

Vi sinh vt tng s

t bo/ml

100

11

Coliform tng s

t bo/100ml

50

12

E.coli

t bo/ml

0
10
6,5 7

Bng 10
Ngoi ra nh may cn cn nc cho nhiu cng on khc.
Khng trc tip c mt trong thnh phn cua sn phm nhng rt cn thit trong quy

trnh sn xut v cng nh hng n cht lng cua sn phm cui cng. Nc ny
s dng vo nhiu mc ch khc nhau nh: nc ni hi, nc v sinh thit b, nc
v sinh nh xng, nc thanh trng. Mi mc ch i hi cht lng ring, nc
c s l theo yucu s dng.
Do phi chi mt chi ph kh ln cho vic s dng nc, trung bnh 6hl nc
sn sut 1hl bia, nh my kt hp s dng h thng nc cua khu cng nghip v nc
ngm. D l nc no th vn cn phi x l t yu cu cho sn xut.Ty mc
sch cua nc m ta x l theo 4 giai on:
- Loi b cc cht huyn ph.
- Loi b cc cht ha tan
- Dit vi sinh vt
- Ci thin thnh phn nc

2.2.5. Nm men bia

Trong ngnh sn xut bia, cc ging nm men c chia thnh 2 nhm:
Nhm nm men ni vi cc c tnh :
- Nhit ln men: 1525oC
- Ln men mnh, qu trnh ln men xy ra trn b mt cua mi trng.
- Khi qu trnh ln men kt thc, cc t bo kt chm, chui, to thnh lp dy trn b
mt cng vi bt bia, bia t trong chm.
- Kh nng ln men ng rafinase km (ch t 33%).
Nhm nm men chm vi cc c tnh:
- Nhit ln men:610oC
- Qu trnh xy ra trong lng mi trng nn kh nng ln men tt.
- C kh nng ln men hon ton (v c th ln men ng rafinosse hon ton).
- Khi ln men xong, cc t bo kt thnh chm hoc chui kt lng xung y thng
ln men rt nhanh, nh vy bia chng t trong hn hn men ni.

Nh my s dng nm men chm Saccharomyces carlsbergensis vi y u cc c

tnh cua chung nm men chm v nhiu u im vut tri:
- Ln men mnh trong lng mi trng; khi ht ngun cacbon trong mi trng, c xu
hng kt chm, chui v lng nhanh xung y thng ln men, lm trong bia nhanh.
- Ln men c glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, saccharose, malttose.
- c bit rafinose v cc dextrin n gin,c ln men tt, thm ch nhit thp
t 610oC.
- Khng ln men c cc ng: lactose, inulin
- Ngoi ra chung nm men ny cn c kh nng ti s dng tt (6-8 i), t l t bo
cht <10%.
- Hin nay oc s dng kh ph bin cc nh my bia trn th gii. Sinh sn tt
8-25oC. nhit thp (28oC) chng sinh sn chm, nhng vn ln men mnh v kh
nng to bo t cua nm men ny yu. Trong mi trng c y u vitamin (c bit
l vitamin B6) chng s pht trin tt nhng nh hng cua tng loi vitamin ln nm
men l khng ging nhau. Kh nng kt lng cua nm men ph thuc vo nhiu yu
t: cu to thnh t bo nm men, hm lng nit ha tan trong mi trng, nhit ,
tr s din tch in cua t bo v pH cua mi trng.
2.6 Nguyn liu ph tr khc
Trong cng ngh sn xut bia, ngoi nhng nguyn liu khng th thiu c
nh malt, houblon, men, Nh my cn dng n mt s nguyn liu hay ha cht ph.
Ty theo yu cu k thut, cng ngh, m nhng nguyn ph liu hoc cc ha cht
ny c s dng vi hm lng khc nhau, gi chung nhng dng ny l ph gia v
chia thnh hai nhm chnh:
2.6.1 Nhm ph gia trc tip
Gm tt c nhng nguyn liu v ha cht c mt trong thnh phn cua sn
phm vi s kim sot cht ch vi hm lng cho php.
- Cc ha cht x l cng, iu chnh kim cua nc cng ngh nh HCl,
Al2(SO4)3.16H2O, CaSO4, . . . .

- Cc ha cht a vo ngn chn qu trnh oxy ha nhng thnh phn trong bia
nh acid ascorbic, H2O2, . . .
- Cc ha cht dng iu chnh pH nh: Acid lactic, CaCl2 . . .
- Cht to mu cho bia: caramen.
2.6.2 Nhm ph gia gin tip
Nhm ny gm tt c nguyn liu v ha cht c s dng trong quy trnh
cng ngh nhng khng c php c mt trong sn phm.
- Cc bt tr lc: PVPP ( pholyvinulpyrolblidone), kizelgua, . . .
- Cc ha cht v sinh thit b, v sinh phn xng nh: H2SO4, KMnO4, NaOH
- Cc cht c dng nh tc nhn lm lnh NH3, glycol, nc mui.
3. Chn phng php nu
Mc ch cua qu trnh nu l: Ho tan cc cht c trong malt, go. S dng h
enzyme cua malt thu phn tinh bt thnh ng, dextrin; thu phn protein thnh
axit amin, peptide, polypeptide... bn cnh cn trch ly cc cht cht trong hoa
houblon to hng v c trng cho bia.
Qu trnh nu bia c th chia lm 5 giai on chnh.
- Nghin nguyn liu
- H ho v ng ho
- Lc dch ng
- Nu hoa
- Lng xoy v lm lnh dch ng houblon ho
3.1 Nghin nguyn liu
3.1.1 Nghin malt:
C 3 phng php nghin malt thng c dng l: nghin kh, nghin m v
nghin t.
a) Nghin kh: L malt sau khi lm sch c a vo my nghin m khng b
sung thm nc.

u im:
-

C th nghin trc khi nu mt thi gian lu

Nguyn tt malt c nhuyn km
D v sinh

Nhc im:
-

Khng gi c nguyn v
Khi nghin bi bay ra nhiu.

b) Nghin m: L malt sau khi lm sch c ngm trong nc ri mi em

nghin, nh vy v tru cng nh cc thnh phn khc trong malt ht m tr
ln mm v dai hn. Cc thnh phn trong malt d dng tch khi v tru v v
tru c bo ton khi nghin.
u im:
-

Phn v tru c bo ton

Phn ni nh c nghin u

Nhc im:
-

Khng kh xm nhp vo dch hem to iu in cho cc phn ng oxy ha

khng mong mun xy ra.

c) Nghin t: Chia thnh hai loi nghin t c ngm v khng ngm. Vi thit
b nghin t c ngm, th malt s c ngm trong phu cha vi nhit 3050 oC trong 10-30 pht, sau khi rt ht nc malt s c nghin nh nhng
bng i trc nghin to.
u im:
-

V tru c bo ton.
Dung tch cha trong thng lc ln.

Nhc im:
-

Nghin khng tt vi cc loi malt cha nhuyn.

Ngm khng u.
Hot lc emzym v hot lc sinh hc khng c kim sot trong thng ngm.
Chi ph u t ln.

Vi nhng u im k trn nh my s dng loi nghin t c ngm vi malt

cho vo ni ng ha v s dng loi nghin kh cho malt lt.

3.1.2 Nghin go
Nghin go cng c th dng cc phng php trn, Nhng d t c hiu
qu h ho v ng ho cao yu cu go phi c nghin tht mn do gii php
nghin go phng php nghin kh bng my nghin ba l phng php n gin
m t c hiu qu cao.
3.2 H ho
Vi mc ch h ha nguyn liu thay th l go. To iu kin thun li cho qu trnh
ng ha thuy phn tinh bt. Go c nghin bng phng php nghin ba ri cho
vo ni h ha l thit b hnh tr, c cnh khuy c gia nhit. B sung malt lt vi
t l 10% lng go.
3.3. ng ho
C hai phng php nu bia ni chung l phng php ngm, phng php un
si tng phn.

a) Phng php ngm chit: Ngi ta ha bt vi nc mt nhit xc

nh, sau tng gim nhit bng cch thm nc nng hoc nc lnh.
Ni cch khc ton b khi nu c nng nhit v gi nhit ti cc mctheo
yu cu cua cng ngh (45 500C, 60 650C, 70 750C) trong thi gian thch
hp,sau c th nng nhit cua ton khi nu ln 780C v chuyn sang
thit b lc.
u im:
-

Thi gian nu ngn nn t tn nng lng.

Khng cn u t ln v thit b.

Nhc im:
- Dch nu khng c un si nn ng ho c th khng trit
- Khng ph hp vi nh my c nguyn liu thay th.

b) Phng php un si tng phn:

Ngi ta trch mt phn cua khi nu em un si v sau trn lnvi phn

cha un si nhm mc ch nng v gi nhit cua khi nu qua cc mc
theo cc yu cu cng ngh. C th tin hnh un si mt ln, hai ln hoc ba
ln.
u im:
-

To ra bc nhy nhit , trnh dng cc nhit trung gian.

un si mt phn cua dch ng lm tng nng sut s dung nguyn liu.
Ch php loi b kt tua phc protein-tanin do ng t.
iu chnh linh hot.

Nhc im:
-

Phng php ny thng ko di thi gian.

Gi thnh u t cao.
Nng lng t km.

Nh my s dng nguyn liu thay th v vy khng th s dng phng php

ngm chit. Nh my s dng phng php php un si tng phn nhng vi
mt s bin i nh sau:
Nguyn liu thay th -go c un si trong ni nu h ha. Mt khc malt
c thuy phn mt phn nh enzym cua chnh mnh trong ni ng ha, sau
dch cho c bm sang ni malt tin hnh ng ha. Vi phng
php ny s c u im thi gian nu c rt ngn m vn m bo hiu sut
ng ho.
3.4 Lc dch ng
Vi mc ch tch ch ng vi lp v v nhng phn ni nh ht khng tan
Lc dch ng c dng nguyn phn ly hoc lc. C th dng cc loi thit b sau:

a) Thng lc (Lauteur tun):

Thng ch to bng thp khng g, c dng hnh tr y phng np hnh cu.
Xung quanh hnh tr c lp bo n, Bn trong cch y khong 1015mm c
mt y gi , y gi ny gm nhiu mnh ng ghp li. Hn hp dch malt
s c bm vo bn trn y gi. Dnh ng qua khc rnh nh, chy vo

ng ng thu dch. Cn b s cn li trn y gi l s c ra tri qua ca

x b/
u im:
-

C kh nng tch loi cn tt.

Ch to v vn hnh thit b n gin
C tnh t ng ha cao

Nhc im:
-

Thit b cng knh chim nhiu din tch

b) My lc p kiu khung bn:

Thit b ny gm nhng khung bng gang v nhng tm bn dy c nhng
ng rnh trn mt khung. B mt tm bng c trng mt lp ng
mng. Nguyn liu lc l nhng mnh vi th dy bng bng hay bng si
nhn to. Cc khung bn ny c p li vi nhau nh mt trc vt gia. Dch
s c bm vo tng khoang, v chy qua mng lc chy vo ng ng thu
dch.
u im:
-

Lc nhanh
Cht lng dch lc tt, dch trong hn, hiu sut hoa tan tng 1%
Hao tn nc ra b thp
Chim t in tch

Nhc im:
-

Sau mi ln lc phi tho lp cc khung bn do tn nhiu sc lao ng hn

Tnh t dng ha thp hn.
Thit b khng kn nn dch ng b oxy ho nhiu
Chi ph vn hnh v bo tr cao.

Da trn c s u nhc im cua cc phng php. Nh my dng phng

php thng lc, v trong qu trnh nghin, nghin t ph php vi phng
php ny. Hn na phng php ny c tnh t ng ha cao hn hai phng
php cn li. Tuy lc chm hn phng php my p khung bn nhng v din
tch lc ln ln c th p ng c nhu cu sn xut.

3.5 Nu hoa
3.5.1 Qu trnh cp nhit
Qu trnh houblon ho cn bc hi mt lng nc ln (khong 812% so vi
th tch chung cua dch ng trong mt gi) Vic cp nhit cho thit b l ht sc
quan trng. C cc loi tht b un hoa vi cc kiu cp nhit nh sau:

a) Cp nhit trc tip:

L loi thit b c in, dng than t di y. Thit b ch to bng st thn
hnh tr, y hnh chm cu, kiu h, sau cht to bng dng tng kh nng
truyn nhit.
u im:
-

R tin
Thi gian un si 2-2,5h lm gim ng k hi cho php lng nc ra b
ln.
Tng hiu sut thu hi cht chit.

Nhc im:
-

Tiu tn nhiu nng lng.

Tun hon v o trn dch ng km.
Gy nhim mi trng xung quanh.

b) Cp nhit bng hi:

Nc un ti p sut 2-3 bar to hi vo o hi bao bc xung quanh y ni ni
nu. Hi truyn nhit vo dch ng v ngng t li trong khi dch ng n
n nhit si.
u im:
-

H thng c tnh t dng ha cao

Khng gy tht thot nhit v nhim mi trng

Nhc im:
-

Cn phi thit k ni chu c p sut cao, gy tng chi ph.

D gy nhit b mt y ni tng cao gy chy dch ng.

c) Ni un hoa vi h thng cp nhit bn ngoi:

Dch ng lin tc cho chy vo h thng ng ng trong bun trao i
nhit, nh th dch ng c cp nhit. Trong khi dch ng cn li c
cp nhit di p sut thng th bn trong b trao i nhit c s qu p nh.
u im:
-

Thi gian un gim 20-30% , tit kim nng lng.

Tng hiu sut chit cht ng t hoa houblon.
Protein to keo kt tua hon ton.
C th iu chnh p sut hi nc d dng.

Nhc im:
-

Cn thm nng lng bm tun hon

Cn bo n trnh tht thot nhit

d) Cp nhit bn trong:
L nhit c cp nhit bn trong thit b, b phn trao i nhit c dng ng
chm, dch ng i qua ng, cn hi nng xung quanh cc ng. Do hi n ngui
i v ngng t li. Dch ng phn tn rng ra ngoi nh mt tm chn phia trn
chm ng. Dch tun hon tt bn trong ni un.
u im:
-

Gi thnh u t thp hn, khng phi bo tr, khng bo n.

Khng yu cu thm nng lng in
Khng thm bc xa nhit
C th s dng s dng p xut hi bo ha thp
Dch ng si khng to bt m khng cn rt khng kh

Nhc im:
-

Kh lm sch ni nu
Nu hi qu nng, dch ng s b qu nhit bi tc dch chy trong m
chm.

Vi nhng nhng u im ni bt k trn, cng nh hiu qu thc t cua

phng php ny. Nh my dng thit b cp nhit bn trong.

3.5.2 Qu trnh cho hoa vo ni nu

Nhiu phng php cho hoa vo ni nu, tt c ch xoay quanh vic to cho
hiu xut trnh ly cao nht.
Nh my chn phng php nu b sung hoa 3 ln t hiu sut trch ly cao:
Phn 1: B sung cao hoa khi dch si khong 15 pht. Phn cao hoa ny c hm lng
axt ng v tanin cao nhm to v ng, kt tua cc m cao phn t trong dch
ng.
Phn 2: B sung 1/2 lng hoa vin khi dch si c khong 60 pht.
Phn 3: B sung 1/2 lng hoa vin trc khi a sang ni lng xoy 10 pht.
Phn hoa vin c hm lng axt ng thp hn cao hoa m chu yu cung cp tinh
du thm to hng cho bia.
3.6 Lng trong v lm lnh dch ng houblon ho
Trong dch ng sau khi un si vi hoablon c cha cc cn dng huyn ph
v cn t hoablon. c th cy ging nm men cn thit phi lm trong dch tch b
cn v lm lnh ti nhit ln men
2.3.6.1 Lng trong
Vi mc ch loi b cc cn nng, c nhng h thng sau:
a) Thng nng:
L mt thit b hnh tr c chiu cao thp, thng m np c b mt tip xc
gia dch v khng kh ln. dch trong hai gi ngui t nhin n 60oC
ri cho i lm lnh tip.
Nhc im:
-

Nguy c nhim vi sinh vt ln

Thu hi nhit km

b) Ly tm:
Qu trnh phn tch s loi b cc cht rn dng huyn ph trong cht lng
bng cch s dng lc li tm.
u im:

Lu lng ln.
Kh nng t ng ha cao.
Gn nh.

Nhc im:
-

Chi ph ln trong vic mua my v bo tr

c) Lc:
Ngi ta dng my lc vi cc cht tr lc diatomit, c th tin hnh lc nhit
d nng, lnh hay nhit bnh thng.
u im:
-

Cht lng dch lc tt, lc c c cn nng v cn lnh.

Nhc im:
-

Gi tc nhn lc t
Kh thao tc

d) Thng lng xoy ( Whirlpool):

Thng lng xoy c y hi nghing so vi mt phng ngang (1,5o ). Dch bm
vo vi vn tc ln theo phng tip tuyn vi thnh thng, v tr dch vo
1/3 chiu cao thng.
u im:
-

Thit b n gin.
t tn km cho vic lp t v s dng.

Nhc im:
-

Tn tht dch ng ln (2 -3%)

Nu vn hnh khng tt th vic phn tch tp cht v dch cng khng tt.

T nhng nhn xt trn nh my x dng phng php thng lng xoy

Whirlpool.

3.6.2 Lm lnh dch ng

Ph bin hin nay l thit b trao i nhit dng tm bn. Thit b ny kn bao
gm nhiu tm bn mnh bng thp khng g. Cc tm bn ny c ghp cht vi
nhau trn mt khung. Trong phn thnh 2 loi tht b trao i nhit mt cp v hai
cp
u dim:
-

Bn, hiu sut cao, a nng

D v sinh, m bo v trng.
Gn nh.

V vy my s dng phng php lm lnh bng thit b trao i nhit tm bn,

mt cp.
4. Chn chng nm men v phng php ln men
4.1 Chn chng nm men
- Trong nguyn liu s dng cua nh my c nguyn liu thay th l go vi t l cao,
do vy trong qu trnh sn xut cn phi b sung ch phm enzym. Nh my s dng
ch phm Termamyl (-amylaza) gip cho vic dch ho trong khi nu dch ng
c d dng. Termamyl l ch phm lng, chu c nhit cao v c sn xut t
vi sinh vt Bacillus lichenifomis. Enzim ny hot ng tt : nhit thch hp l
900C, pH thch hp l 6.
4.2 Phng php ln men
C hai phng php ln men thng c s dng ti cc c s sn xut bia:
Ln men theo phng php c in v ln men theo phng php hin i.
Ln men theo phng php c in.
c im chnh l hai qu trnh ln men chnh v ln men ph c tin hnh
trong cc thit b ring bit ( phai phng lnh khc nhau, c h thng bo n lnh
khc nhau).
u im:
Nhit ln men thp 6 9 oC nn thi gian ln men ko di, sn phm thu c c
hng v m .
Nhc im:

Tn din tch mt bng, tn thit b, thi gian ln men di, nng sut gim, h thng
lm lnh ln, do vy tn chi ph u t. Vic vn chuyn dich t khu ln men chnh
sang khu ln men ph gy tn tht.
Ln men hin i.
Ln men hin i l nhng qu trnh ln men m sn phm thu c phc tp
hn, khng th thay th bng cc phng php ho hc, thc cht l cc qu trnh
sinh tng hp.
u im:
- Chu k ln men c rt ngn 50 70%, tng nng sut.
- Cht lng bia tim cn c vi bia c in.
- Cng ngh khng phc tp, d t ng ho.
- Mt bng chim ch t.
- An ton v v sinh tt.
Nhc im:
Cht lng sn phm khng bng cht lng bia ln men c in t dch ng.

T cc c im trn nh my chn phng php ln men hin i. Phng thc ln

men gin on vi chung Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, nhit ln men chnh l
8C, ln men ph l 2C.
Nh my chn sn xut bia chai c nng dch ng trc ln men l 12Bx , s
dng chung nm men thuc loi Saccharomyces calbergensis chu k ln men l 18
ngy. giai on ln men chnh dch ln men c duy tr nhit 8C trong thi
gian 7 ngy. Sau ln men chnh bia non c lm lnh xung 4C nm men d dng
kt lng v c tho ra ngoi. Cui cng h nhit dch ln men xung 2C v tin
hnh qu trnh ln men ph v tng tr lo ho bia non thnh bia tiu chun ng
thi bo ho CO2 cho bia.

5. Chn phng php lc bia

Sau khi ln men, bia thu c cn cn lnh l xc t bo nm men v mt s
hp cht khng tan vo dch ng nhng cha c tch trit trc khi ln men.
Lc c cht tr lc c tuy c chi ph cao, cu to phc tp nhng lc c trit ,
hiu qu. My lc c cht tr lc li c nhiu loi khc nhau:
a) My lc a:
- u im: bia lc bng thit b ny c th t n trong tinh th.
- Nhc im: chu trnh lc ngn, v sinh kh khn, lun phi b sung vt liu lc sau
mi ln ti s dng v b hao ph.
b) My lc khung bn:
- u im: b mt lc ln, lc trong v loi b c nm men, vt liu lc d kim, d
thay th, khng yu cu trnh cao.
- Nhc im: bia d b oxy ho, kh gi nhit lnh cho bia trong qu trnh lc nn
lm gim tnh n nh cc ht keo to nht. Phi thay th vi lc nhiu ln, chi ph
cao.
T c im cua cc my lc trn nh my la chn my lc khung bn c s dng
bt tr lc (diatomit) l hp l hn c.

6. Thuyt minh dy chuyn sn xut

Khng kh v trng

Sc kh

c kh

Hnh 1: S cng ngh

6.1. Nghin nguyn liu
6.1.1 Nghin malt
Mc ch:
Nghin nh malt (theo yu cu k thut) khi ng ha thu c nhiu cht
ha tan nht, c li cho qu trnh sn xut v cht lng thnh phm, hn ch cc cht
khng c li tan vo dch ng v s dng tt nht cc thnh phm cua malt.
Tin hnh:
Sau khi c lm sch, malt c vo cn, ti y s cn lng malt cn
ng ha, v hai ln malt lt mi ln 5% lng go.
Vi malt cho vo ni ng ha sau khi cn s c ngm nc 63oC t l
0,7hl cho 100kg malt trong thi gian 10-30 pht sau khi ngm malt t m 30%.
Sau tin hnh nghin malt vi hai trc nghin cch nhau 0,30,45 mm, ng thi
bt nghin phi c phi trn vi nc 39oC thu c sa malt c nhit 45oC
Vi malt lt sau khi em cn s c nghin kh bng my nghin kh mt
trc. Sau malt c a vo thng phi trn malt lt, bm nc m phi chn
cho dch c nhit 26oC, ri cho vo ni cho. Bm thm nc trng ra
6.1.2 Nghin go
Mc ch:
Lm tng b bt tip xc, gip qu trnh hp th nc, h ha, dch ha c
tt, qu trnh nu c nhanh chng & d dng.
Tin hnh:
c im chung cua cc loi nguyn liu cha c m mm nh go l cha
tri qua qu trnh ho, cha chu tc ng bi h enzym sitase. Cu trc thnh t
bo v cc ht tinh bt cua chng cn rt chc, kh b thu phn. Do yu cn
nghin tht nh v h ho nhit cao thu c nhiu cht chit. Go c

vo phu hng v c gu ti a ln xung my nghin ba, bt go sau nghin

c qut gi a vo phu hng cua gu ti tip theo v c a ln cao, c vt
ti a qua thit b phi trn vi nc m ri vo ni h ho. Bt go trong qu
trnh c qut gi thi v gu ti vn chuyn sinh ra nhiu bi nn nhng v tr ny
c b tr ng ng thng vi ti lc v xyclon tch bi.
6.2 H ha
Mc ch:
Chuyn tinh bt cua nguyn liu thay th go t nhng thnh phn tinh bt khng tan
v dng ho tan v mt phn mch tinh bt cng c phn tch. Ngoi ra, cn c mt
s phn ng thu phn cc hp cht nh khc nh Protein, Hemixellulo ... nhm to
iu kin cho h enzim cua malt hot ng trit .
Tin hnh:
Trc khi nu, tin hnh v sinh thit b bng nc nng. Cho dch malt lt
vo ni vi lng bng 5% go c bm t y ni vi . Bt go c phi trn vi
nc m t nhit dch khong 45C trc khi bm vo ni vi t l: bt/nc =
1/4. Bt cnh khuy, b sung axit lactic h pH cua hn dch xung khong 5,4
5,6. Gi nhit ny trong thi gian 10 pht tinh bt ht nc trng n, ng
thi h enzyme trong malt c bit l peptidase thc hin qu trnh m ho.
Cp hi nng t t nhit cua khi dch ln 72C vi tc 1oC mt pht
v gi trong khong 10 pht, enzym - amylaza hot ng, qu trnh dch ha tinh
bt xy ra. Lc ny malt lt 2 c chun b.
Tip tc nng nhit cua khi dch ln 83C v gi trong 5 pht tinh bt
trng n v h ha nhanhhn . Qu trnh h ha s cng lm tng nht cua dung
dch.
H nhit xung 72oC bng nc 26oC.
B sung malt lt 2 (5% go) to iu kin cho qu trnh dch ha tinh bt nn
na. Qa trnh ny din ra trong 10 pht s lm gim ng k nht cua dch cho
d dng khuy trn cng nh bm i, mt khc to nhit thun li cho enzyme amylaza phn ct mch amyloza v amylopectin cua tinh bt thnh nhng mnh

dextrin nh trc l c cht cho -amylaza xc tc qu trnhng ha sau ny

ni malt.
Tip tc nng nhit ln, thi im t 84,50C th ng thi nghin malt
t.Khi nhit t 1000C gi 15ph h ha hon ton tinh bt th bm qua ni
malt. Thi gian nu mt m khong 130 pht, lng nc s dng/ go v malt lt l
5/1.
6.3 ng ho
Mc ch:
To iu kin thch hp thng qua iu chnh nhit , pH mi trng h
enzyme cua malt hot ng, c bit l h enzyme thu phn phn ct cc hp cht
cao phn t trong dch cho thnh cc hp cht thp phn t d ho tan to thnh cht
chit cua dch ng.
Tin hnh:
Dch sa malt t my nghin malt t c bm vo ni malt t di ln
trongsut qu trnh nghin malt t. Cnh khuy ni malt quay tc 18 v/ph.
Trong khi ni cho nu th v sinh ni malt, nghin malt t v bm dch sa
malt vo ni ng ho. Bt cnh khuy o trn u dch sa malt. B sung NaCl
vi nng 200mg/l to cho bia v m d chu, b sung axit lactics h pH cua
hn dch xung 5,2 5,4 thun li cho hot ng cua h enzyme thu phn v cng c
tc dng kh cng cua nc cn li.
Sau khi xung malt xong, b xung nc t l nc/ malt = 4/1. Dch c nhit
gn 450C s c nng nhit ln 500C v gi nhit ny trong 10 pht. y l
giai on enzyme proteaza thc hin qu trnh mha, sn phm chu yu cua giai
on ny l cc hp cht thp phn t nh peptit hoc acidamin. Hm lng cc hp
cht cha nit trong thnh phn cht ha tan cua dch ng chchim khong 5-7%
nhng chng ng vai tr rt quan trng trong vic m bo tin trnhln men c
bnh thng. Axit amin, peptid l ngun dinh dng nit cho nm men, pepton,
polypeptid gp phn khng nh cho vic to v m , tham gia vo qu trnh tov
gi bt cho bia.

Bm dch cho sang ni malt ho trn vi dch bt malt, khi nhit cua
khi dch ln l 63C v gi trong khong 20 pht. y l nhit thch hp cho
Enzym ct hai gc Glucozit trn ton mchAmyloza v mch nhnh cua
Amylopectin to thnh ng Maltoza.
Tip tc nng nhit khi dch ln 72C v gi trong khong 20 pht. y l
nhit ti u cho - amylaza hot ng. Ti y phn tinh bt ha tan s cng
ha hon ton. Gi nhit khong trn 10ph th kim tra tinh bt st, nu vn cn th 5
pht sau th li.
Nng nhit khi dch ln 76C v gi trong khong 20 pht, ri bm sang
thng lc. Thi gian ng ho mt m khong 120 pht.

oC
100
100
83
80

72

76

72

72
63

60

50

(1)

45

45

40

(2)
Ni cho
Ni ng

20

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

t
(pht)

Hnh 2: Gin nu

6.4 Lc dch ng
Mc ch:
Qu trnh ny nhm tch dch ng ra khi b malt v cc tp cht khng tan
khc. c trng cua dch ng ho tan trong c cha rt nhiu phn t rn nh

trong qu trnh lc cc phn t ny s to ra mt lp nguyn liu lc ph lm cho dch

ng trong hn.
Tin hnh
Lc dch ng c 2 giai on: giai on th nht l lc tch dch ng ra khi b,
giai on 2 l ra b rt nt phn cht ho tan cn st li trong b.
Tin hnh lc:
Trc khi lc ta tin hnh bm nc lc, nhit cua nc t (75 78)C vo
di y sao cho chiu cao cua nc cch mt sng l 1 1,5cm. Nc vo t di
chim y cc ng dn v khong khng gian gia y chnh v li nn y c
khng kh ra ngoi. S c mt cua khng kh trong ng ng gy kh khn cho qu
trnh lc. Sau khi ng ho song dch ng c nng ln nhit 76C v c
bm sang thng lc, va bm dch ng ng thi bt h thng cnh khuy co v
o trn lp b lc, phn b u b trong thng. Sau ngng khuy v thi gian
lng khong 20 30 pht, ta m van dn dch xung bnh trung gian. Lc u dch
vn cn c c hi lu v thng lc. Khi dch lc song th ng van hi lu v m
van dn dch sang ni hoa.
Sau khi lc ht dch u tin hnh ra b theo khi lng dch cn phi t ti. M
van y v van x cp ra b, bm nc nng nhit (75 78)C vo thng lc theo
2 ng cp nc (ng CIP & sc y), cho h thng dao co hot ng 10 pht,
ngng h thng dao co 7 lng ra tng t nh lc dch ban u.
Dng nc cng ra b v v malt c tanin m tanin th tan nhiu trong nc mm
s lm cho bia b ng. Nu dng nc c nhit thp th dn n hiu sut chit
ng thp. Nu nhit cua nc qu cao s dn n v hot enzim amylaza v cc
tinh bt st c h ho nhng khng c ng ho v kh lc. Kt qu lm cho
dch lc b c dn n bia b c.
Trong qu trnh ra b nhit cua nc ra l (75 78)C hn ch s xm nhp
cua vi sinh vt, ch khng b kh mi cp tip nc lc, b kh s gy cht bia
v nhiu phn ng ph khc v trnh hin tng oxy ho cht tanin cua v malt to
mu sm cho bia. Thu phn v thu hi nt lng cht tan cn st li trong b, y l
nhit m nht cua dch ng thp nht khng gy cn tr qu trnh lc.

Tin hnh ra b n khi no u lng dch sang ni hoa theo yu cu, ng thi kim
tra ng st b t mc thp nht l (0,5 1)S th s kt thc qu trnh lc.Thi
gian ra b khong 60 pht.Tng thi gian lc khong 160 pht.
6.5 Nu hoa
Mc ch:
trch ly cc thnh phn chnh cua hoa houblon vo dch ng chu yu l
cht ng, tinh du thm v polyphenol. Trong nhng sn phm thu phn cua protein
c nhng cht cao phn t, nhng cht ny sm hay mun cng s b thu phn v gy
c cho bia, dit enzyme cua malt, dit vi sinh vt; kt lng cc phn t kh tan phn
tn trong dch ng.To hng v c trng cho bia thnh phm.
Tin hnh:
Khi dch ng c bm t thng lc sang thng un hoa th lp tc gia nhit ,
nng nhit cua dch ng ln (70 75)oC cho amylaza kp thu phn ht cc tinh
bt cn st li n khi kt thc ra b th dch ng trong mi ni un hoa cng
va si. khi dch ng si ta phi tng cng hi sao cho khi lng dch ng si
cng mnh nht m bo lng nc bay hi trong qu trnh un nu t (4
8)%.
Nh my chn phng php nu b sung hoa 3 ln t hiu sut trch ly cao:
Phn 1: B sung cao hoa khi dch si khong 15 pht. Phn cao hoa ny c hm lng
axt ng v tanin cao nhm to v ng, kt tua cc m cao phn t trong dch
ng.
Phn 2: B sung 1/2 lng hoa vin khi dch si c khong 60 pht.
Phn 3: B sung 1/2 lng hoa vin trc khi a sang ni lng xoy 10 pht.
Nng dch ng sau khi ra b thng thp hn nng dch ng yu
cu cho men t (1,5 2)% thi gian un hoa cn ph thuc vo nng dch ng
t cha.
Ton b qu trnh kt thc l lc nhit phi t (100 106)oC. mt s protein s b
kt tua nhit ny do lm tng trong v bn cua bia. Thi gian nu trung
bnh t 1- 2 ting, gia nhit nhanh nhm t hiu sut kt tua protein khng ng t
cao nht v nhm c c gim th tch dch ng.

Kt thc qu trnh nu hoa dch ng trong hn, sm mu hn, c hng c trng

v c v ng pha ngt. Dch ny s c bm vo thng lng xoy nhm loi b b
hoa.
6.6 Lng xoy
Mc ch:
Qu trnh lng trong cng ng thi lm lnh s b dch ng nhm mc ch
tch b cc phn t rn hay cn, b hoa ra khi dch ng, trnh bia khng b c.
c bit l cn nng c to thnh t nhit trn 60C v cn c tch b hon
ton v chng nh hng xu ti qu trnh ln men, lm bia km cht lng, sinh ra
mt s axt c hi cho bn cua bia.

Tin hnh:
Dch ng ra khi ni hoa c bm vo thng lng xoy theo phng tip
tuyn vi vn tc 12 14m/s, di tc dng cua lc ly tm v trng lc cc cn lng
v b hoa tch ra tp trung gia thng v lng xung y. Dch ra khi thng c
nhit khong 85 90C c bm sang thit b lm lnh nhanh. Cn tp trung
y thng khi bm ht dch c xi nc x b ra ngoi. Thi gian lng xoy khong
30 pht.
6.7 Lnh nhanh
Mc ch:
Qu trnh lm lnh nhanh nhm mc ch h nhit cua dch ng ti nhit
thch hp cho qu trnh ln men ng thi hn ch ti a s nhim tp vi sinh vt,
nh hng ti ln men v cht lng bia thnh phm.
Tin hnh:
Sau khi ra khi thng lng xoy, dch ng c nhit 90C, c dn vo
my lnh nhanh kiu tm bn. My c cu to t nhng tm bn gp sng ch to t
thp hay hp kim Cr Ni. Cc tm bn c hnh ch nht, c 4 tai 4 gc, trn mi tai
c c l trn. Kt hp xen k cc tm bn vi cc giong cao su to nn 4 mng
dn: dch ng vo my, dch ng ra khi my, cht ti lnh vo my, cht ti lnh

ra khi my. Dch ng nng c bm vo mt trong hai mng dn pha trn, chy
thnh mng ziczac trn b mt cc tm bn trong khong trng gia 2 tm bn lin k,
dch ng chy cc khong trng cch nhau 1 khong trng xen k bi cht ti lnh,
cui cng ra khi my mng dn di ngc pha. Nc lnh 2C c i theo
chiu ngc li t mng dn vo pha di qua cc khong trng m dch ng
khng i qua ri ra mng dn pha trn i din. Nc lnh qua trao i nhit vi
dch ng tr thnh nc nng 70 80C c thu hi v thng nc nng a i
phc v cho qu trnh nu.
6.8 Bo ho O2 vo dch ln men
Mc ch:
B sung O2 vo dch ng trc khi ln men nhm m bo cung cp u
lng O2 ban u cho qu trnh pht trin to sinh khi cua nm men trong giai on
tim pht, thch nghi v pht trin logarit.
Tin hnh:
Sau khi ra khi my lnh nhanh, dch ng c nhit 8C dch ng c
b sung oxy di dng khng kh nn sc vo ng ng cp dch ng i ln men.
Khng khi c ht qua mng lc, i qua thp ra, qua hp ph bng than hot tnh,
kh trng, lc xp trc khi np vo dch. Khng kh nn sau lm sch v kh trng
c b sung xui theo chiu ng ng dn dch ng vo thng ln men.
6.9 Cp nm men v tin hnh ln men
Mc ch:
Ha trn nm men vi dch ng nm men thc hin qu trnh ln men
chuyn ho dch ng thnh bia. Qu trnh ln men bao gm 2 giai on: ln men
chnh, ln men ph v tng tr bia.
-

Ln men chnh :

Nhm mc ch chuyn ho cc thnh phn cht tan chu yu l cc loi ng v

dextrin thp phn t cua dch ng c houblon ho thnh ru etylic, CO 2,
glyxerin v cc ru bc cao khc, axit hu c, este di tc dng cua nm men.
-

Ln men ph v tng tr :

L qu trnh ln men tip cc loi ng cao phn t chu yu l maltoza, dextrin

ngoi ra n c tc dng sau:
- n nh thnh phn cht lng cua bia, to ra hng v bia v gi bt.
- Kh ru bc cao v aldehyt n mc cho php.
- Mt s este c trng c to thnh do axit tc dng vi ru lm cho bia thm.
- Nhit v p sut tng i cao lm cho bt bia c to ra dng lin kt bn
vng hn, lu tan v mn.
- Do tin hnh nhit thp, thi gian ko di dn n cc cht hu c, xc men, b
men lng xung lm cho bia trong, thun tin cho qu trnh lc bia.
Tin hnh:
Ln men chnh
Qu trnh ln men chnh c din ra trong 5 7 ngy iu kin nhit
8C. Trong 3 ngy u (khng tnh ngy chuyn dch ng sang) lng ng gim
nhanh, tc ln men trung bnh gim (1,5 2)Bx mt ngy. Nhit do phi
thng xuyn kim tra v khng ch nhit . Sau tc ln men gim dn n
ng cn (2 3)% ta h nhit chuyn sang ln men ph.
Men ging c a vo yu cu phi l nm men thun khit, khng ln t bo l.
Truyn men ging vo nc nha l cho ging men vo ng cho men cng chy
vo thng ln men, cho t bo nm men phn b u trong ton b khi dch ng
ban u to iu kin cho men sinh trng v pht trin.
Mt iu kin cn lu l trong qu trnh ln men nhit cua dch ng tng ln do
phi thng xuyn lm lnh thng ln men. Nu nhit tng s gy nh hng
xu n cht lng bia v vy phi khng ch nhit trong mt thi hn nht nh.
Trong qu trnh ln men ngi ta thng xuyn kim tra ng, mu, s to bt,
khi ln men chnh c mt ngy th tin hnh thu hi CO2, khi ln men c 24h th
kim tra ng.
kim tra xem qu trnh ln men kt thc hay cha ngi ta s dng phng php:
- Quan st bt: khi qu trnh ln men chnh kt thc th trn b mt bia c mt lp
bt u.
- Nng cht ho tan: nu sau 1 ngy nng cht ho tan trong bia gim (0,1
0,2)% th qu trnh kt thc
- trong : nu sau 24h bia trong hon ton th qu trnh ln men chnh kt thc.

Ln men chnh kt thc ta h nhit xung 4C trong 24h ri h nhit xung 2C

ln men ph v tch men sa ra.
Ln men ph
c thc hin ngay trong cng mt thit b ln men chnh. Sau khi kt thc
qu trnh ln men chnh tin hnh h nhit v thu hi nm men. Sau thu hi nm
men tin hnh h nhit xung 1 2oC v qu trnh ln men ph bt u. Ton b
qu trnh ln men ph c tin hnh khong 12 ngy, mi ngy u x cn men do
cn trong dch bia non lng xung. Vi iu kin nhit thp, nng cht ho tan
nh m bo cho CO2 ho tan tt trong bia. Trong ton b qu trnh lng cht ho
tan gim (2 2,5)oBx.
6.10. Lc bia
Mc ch:
Bia sau khi ln men c lm trong t nhin (nh qu trnh lng khi ln men
ph) nhng cha t mc cn thit. Do , cn phi lc tip loi b hon ton
cn, kt tua... nhm tng bn cua bia, tng gi tr cm quan, n nh cc thnh phn
c hc.
Tin hnh:
Bia tiu chun sau qu trnh ln men c i qua thit b trao i nhit tm bn
trao i nhit vi cht ti lnh l glycol n nh nhit bia 1C trc khi lc.
thc hin qu trnh lc trong bia s dng thit b lc ng inox v thit b lc ng
xp lc tinh i vi sn phm bia chai. Thit b lc ng c mt gin ng, trn cc
ng ny c c l c 0,04m.
Qu trnh lc gm 2 giai on: giai on to mng lc v giai on lc.
-

Giai on to mng lc: Bt tr lc diatomide c ho vi nc v bm vo

thit b lc to mng lc. S dng 2 loi bt tr lc l Hyflosuppercell v
Standarlsuppercell mi loi 5kg cho mt ln to o lc.
Giai on lc: Bm bia vo tin hnh lc, trong giai on u dch bia ra cn
c nn cn tun hon khong 15 pht. Trong qu trnh lc bt tr lc
diatomide v vinyl polypyriolidone c b sung bng bm nh mc. Ngoi
ra, i vi sn phm bia chai trong qu trnh lc cn b sung cc ho cht
chng oxy ho, chng c nh: polyclarlc, vicant, collupulin cng vi bt tr
lc ln 2.

Bia sau lc c bm sang cc tank cha bia trong n nh v bo ha CO 2.

6.11 Tng tr, n nh tnh cht ca bia thnh phm v bo

ha CO2
Mc ch:
Tng cht lng cm quan cua bia, chng oxy ha, chng kt lng, tng thi
gian bo qun bia, n nh cc thnh phn trong bia...
Tin hnh:
Bm mt lng CO2 vo trc y ht khng kh c trong tank ra ngoi, trnh
khng bia b oxy ha do tip xc vi O2. Sau , bm bia lc vo tank t di
ln. Khi bm ht bia, tin hnh bo ha CO2 cho ti khi hm lng CO2 trong bia
t 4,5 5 g/lt. Trong qu trnh tng tr bia, duy tr p sut trong tank 1,8 kg/cm2
v thu hi CO2 khi cn thit.
6.12 Hon thin sn phm
Mc ch:
Hon thit sn phm cung cp ra th trng tiu dung.
Tin hnh:
Bia chai sau mt thi gian tng tr c bm sang phn xng chit chai
np vo cc chai. H thng chit chai gm mt s cng on chnh sau:
- Ra chai:
Chai c ngm trong nc nng trc, k tip c ra bng xt nng, sau
qua gin phun nc, h thng thi kh lm kh ri i qua b phn soi chai trc khi
a sang my chit chai.
- Chit chai:
Qu trnh chit chai cng tun theo nguyn tc chit ng p, sau chai c
dp nt, ra khi my chit chai chai qua b phn soi chai trc khi vo hm thanh
trng.
- Thanh trng:
Mc ch cua qu trnh ny l nhm dit nm men cn st nng cao bn
sinh hc cua bia. Thit b thanh trng thng c nhiu khoang, mi khoang phun nc

nng mt nhit khc nhau. Nhit ti a thanh trng khong 65oC. Qu trnh
thanh trng cn m bo nhit cua chai i vo v i ra khi thit b l bng nhau,
ng thi khng qu chnh lch so vi nhit mi trng.
- Hon thin:
Bia sau thanh trng s theo bng ti vo b phn dn nhn, bn ch, sau qua
my xp kt v lu kho hoc a ngay n cc ni tiu th.

PHN II: LP K HOCH SN XUT V TNH CN BNG SN PHM

1. Lp k hoch sn xut
Do nc ta nm trong khu vc nhit i gi ma, ma he do thi tit nng nc
nn nhu cu s dng bia cao, trong khi ma ng do thi tit lnh nhu cu v bia
gim. Do nh my phi c k hoch sn xut mt cch hp l lng bia sn
xut ra tiu th ht trnh lng ph.
Qu

II

III

IV

Nng sut
(%)

20

30

30

20

Nng sut
(lt)

6000000

9000000

9000000

6000000

S lt/thng

2000000

3000000

3000000

2000000

S lt/ngy

80000

120000

120000

80000

S
m/ngy

S lt/m

13333,3

20000

20000

13333,3

Bng 11: K hoch sn xut cua nh my

Mt nm nh my sn xut 300 ngy, trung bnh mi thng sn xut 25 ngy, nhng
ngy cn li duy tu, bo dng my mc thit b. Nng sut ln nht mt qu l: 9
triu lt.
Nng sut ln nht mt ngy: 9.000.000/3/25 = 120.000 (lt).
Phn xng lm vic 3 ca/ ngy, sn xut theo m.
Mi ngy nu 6 m, nng sut mt m l: 120.000/6 =20.000 (lt).
2. Tnh cn bng sn phm
2.1 Chn cc s liu ban u:

Nh my c thit k vi nng sut 30 triu lt bia/nm, c cu sn phm 100% bia

chai. Nng dch ng trc ln men l 12Bx. S dng nguyn liu thay th l go
vi t l thay th l 20% cho tng lng go v malt s dng.
n gin ta tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia.
Gi thit:
Malt c hm m 4%, hiu sut ho tan 80% so vi cht kh.
Go c hm m 13%, hiu sut ho tan 87% so vi cht kh.
Nghin H ho, ng
Cng
ho v lc
on

Nu
hoa

Lng
xoy v
lnh
nhanh

Ln
men

Lc
bia

Bo ho
CO2

Chit chai

Tiu
hao
(%)

2,5

1.5

0.5

0.5

1.5

Bng 12: Tn tht trong cc qu trnh

2.2 Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia chai
2.2.1 Tnh lng go v lng malt
Gi lng malt cn sn xut 1000l bia chai l M(kg) th lng go cn l
0,25M(kg).
Lng cht chit thu c t M(kg) malt l:
M.(1 0,005).(1 0,04).0,80 = 0,76416M (kg)
Lng cht chit thu c t go l:
0,25M.(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,87 = 0,18828M (kg)
Tng lng cht chit thu c l:
0,76416M + 0,18828M = 0,95244M(kg)

Lng dch qua cc cng on ng vi 1000l bia chai thnh phm:

Cng on chit chai tn tht 4%, lng bia sau bo ho CO2 l:

1000
1 0,04 = 1041,7(l)
Cng on bo ho CO2 tn tht 0,5%, lng bia sau lc l:

1041,7
1 0,005 = 1046,9(l)
Cng on lc bia tn tht 1,5%, lng bia sau ln men l:

1046,9
1 0,015 = 1062,8(l)
Cng on ln men tn tht 5%, lng dch ng a i ln men l:

1062,8
1 0,05 = 1118,8(l)
Cng on lng xoy v lnh nhanh tn tht 2,5%, lng dch sau un hoa 20oC l:

1118,8
1 0.025 = 1147,5(l)
Do th tch dch 100oC chnh lch vi th tch dch 20oC l 4% ln th tch dch
100oC l:

1147,5
1 0.04 = 1195,3(l)
Dch ng sau un hoa c nng cht kh l 12Bx c d=1,048 kg/l ( 200C), khi
lng dch ng sau un hoa l: 1147,5x1,048 =1202,6(kg)
Khi lng cht chit c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:

12% 1202,6

= 144,3(kg)

Cng on nu, ng ho, lc tn tht cht chit l 1,5%, lng cht chit ban u l:

144,3
1 0,015 = 146,5(kg)
Ta c:

0,95244M = 146,5(kg)

Suy ra: Lng malt cn l M = 153,8(kg)

Lng go cn l 0,25M = 38,5(kg)

2.2.2 Lng b go v b malt

Lng malt em nu l 153,8 kg trong :
Lng cht kh khng ho tan:
100% 80% = 20%
m :

4%

Tn tht khi nghin: 0,5%

Suy ra lng cht kh trong b malt:
153,8.(1 0,005).(1 0,04).0,20 = 29,4(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b malt t l:

29,4
1 0,8 = 147(kg)
Lng go em nu l 38,5kg trong :
Lng cht kh khng ho tan
100% 87% = 13%
m:

13%

Tn tht khi nghin: 0,5%

Suy ra lng cht kh trong b go:
38,5.(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,13 = 4,3(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b go t l:

4,3
1 0,8 = 21,5(kg)
Tng lng b kh l:

29,4 + 4,3 = 33,7(kg)

Tng lng b t l:

147+ 21,5 = 168,5(kg)

Lng nc trong b l:

168,5 33,7= 134,8(kg)

2.2.3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b

a) Lng nc trong qu trnh h ho:
ni h ho c s dng lng malt lt bng 10% lng go, tng lng bt cho vo
ni cho l:
(38,5+ 0,1. 38,5).(1 0,005) = 42,1 (kg)
T l phi trn nc:bt = 5:1, lng nc cho vo ni h ho l:
5. 42,1 = 210,5 (kg)
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l:
42,1 + 210,5 = 252,6(kg)
Lng nc c sn trong bt go v malt lt l:
38,5.(1 0,005).0,13 + 0,1. 38,5. (1 0,005).0,04 = 5,1(kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni h ho l:
210,5 + 5,1= 215,6(kg)
Trong qu trnh h ho lng nc bay hi khong 5% l:
0,05. 215,6= 10,8(kg)
Khi lng dch cho cn li l:
252,6 10,8 = 241,8 (kg)
b) Lng nc dng trong qu trnh ng ho:
Lng malt cho vo ni ng ho:
(153,8 0,1.38,5).(1 0,005) = 149,2(kg)
T l phi trn nc:malt = 4:1, lng nc phi trn vi malt l:
149,2.4 = 596,8(kg)
Lng nc c sn trong malt l:
149,2.0,04 = 6(kg)
Khi chuyn ton b dch cho sang ni ng ho tng khi lng dch l:

149,2+ 596,8+ 241,8 = 987,8(kg)

Tng lng nc c trong ni ng ho l:
596,8+ 6 + (215,6 10,8) = 807,6(kg)
Trong qu trnh ng ho lng nc bay hi khong 4%:
0,04. 807,6= 32,3(kg)
Lng nc cn li sau ng ho:
807,6 32,3 = 775,3(kg)
Khi lng dch ng cn li l:
987,8 32,3 = 955,5(kg)

c) Lng nc ra b:
Lng dch ng sau un hoa: 1202,6(kg)
Lng nc c trong dch ng sau un hoa:

(1

12
) 1202,6
= 1058,3(kg)
100

Khi un hoa tn tht 8% th tch dch do nc bay hi, lng nc trong dch ng
trc un hoa:

1058,3
1 0,08 = 1150,3(kg)
Lng nc trong b l: 134,8 (kg)
Lng nc cn li sau ng ho l: 775,3 (kg)
Suy ra lng nc ra b:
1150,3 + 134,8 775,3 = 509,8(kg)

d) Dch lc:
Dch lc ban u:

955,5 168,5= 787(kg)

Tng lng dch sau lc:

787+ 509,8= 1296,8 (kg)
2.2.4 Lng hoa houblon s dng
Bia chai nu c ng 22 tc hm lng cht ng l 22mg/l.
Ly hiu sut trch ly cht ng trong qu trnh nu hoa l 30% th lng cht ng
ban u ng vi 1000l bia thnh phm l:

22
1000
0,3
= 73,3.103(mg) = 73,3(g)
S dng 80% hoa vin 6% axit ng v 20% cao hoa 40% axit ng. Gi
lng hoa vin s dng l m(g) th lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m(g). Lng cht
ng trch ly c l:
m 0,06 + 0,25m 0,40 = 0,16m(g)
Ta c: 0,16m = 73,3(g)
Suy ra: Lng hoa vin s dng l m = 458,1(g)
Lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m = 114,5(g)
B hoa: coi lng cao hoa ho tan hon ton, hoa vin ho tan 40%, b hoa vin c
m 85% th lng b hoa vin l:

458,1 (1 0,4)
1 0,85
= 1832,4(g) 1,8(kg)
2.2.5 Cc nguyn liu khc
a) Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh nu:
ni h ho v ni ng ho b sung acid lactic h pH cua dch xung 5,4 5,5
thun li cho hot ng cua h enzyme thu phn. Lng acid b sung vo ni h ho
bng khong 0,06% lng go, v lng acid b sung vo ni malt bng khong
0,04% lng malt.
Tng lng acid b sung l:
0,06% 38,5 + 0,04% 153,8 = 0,0846(kg) = 84,6(g)

b) Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh lc dch bia:

Bt tr lc: Bt tr lc s dng y chu yu l diatomide (2 loi bt th v mn c
s dng l Hyflosuppercell v Standarlsuppercell) ngoi ra cn c vinyl
polypyriolidone. lc 1000 lt bia cn s dng khong 0,8 kg diatomide mi loi v
250 g vinyl polypyriolidone.
Sn phm bia chai cn c b sung cc ho cht chng oxy ho, chng c l
polyclarlc, vicant, collupulin cng vi t tr lc ln 2. Lng ho cht b sung tng
ng vi 1000 lt bia l: 180g polycarlc, 30g vicant, 22g collupulin.
c) Lng men ging:
Men ging nui cy trc tip cp bng 10% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,1.1118,8 111,9(l)
Men sa cp bng 1% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,01.1118,8 11,2(l)
Men sa ti s dng 7 ln th trong 8 chu k ln men ch cn nhn men ging cho chu
k u cn ti s dng men sa cho 7 chu k sau.
d) Sa men kt lng:
Sa men kt lng chim 2% lng dch ln men, men sa kt lng l:
1118,8.2% = 22,4 lt

e) Lng CO2:
Phng trnh ln men:
C12H22O11 + H2O 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q
342g

18g

184g

176g

Lng dch trc ln men: 1118,8(l), c ng 12Bx c d20=1,048, khi lng

dch ng trc ln men l: 1118,8.1,048 = 1172,5(kg)
Khi lng cht chit trong dch ng trc ln men:

12
1172,5 140,7(kg)
100
Quy v ng maltose, trong giai on ln men chnh coi 55% lng cht chit c
chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh l:

140,7

176
0,55
= 39,82(kg)
342

Ln men chnh tn hao th tch dch ln men l 3% th th tch bia non ng vi 1000 lt
bia thnh phm l:
1118,8 0,97 = 1085,2(l)
Lng CO2 ho tan trong bia non l 2,5g/l, ng vi 1085,2lt bia non l:
2,5.1085,2 = 2713(g) 2,71(kg)
Lng CO2 thot ra l: 39,82 2,71 = 37,11(kg)
20C, 1atm, CO2 c khi lng ring 1,832kg/m3, th tch cua CO2 thot ra l:

37,11
1,832 = 20,26(m3)
Hiu sut thu hi CO2 l 70%, lng CO2 c th thu hi c l:
0,7.20,26 = 14,18(m3)
Trong qu trnh ln men ph 15% cht chit cua dch ng tip tc c chuyn ho,
lng CO2 to thnh tip tc c bo ho trong bia do hm lng CO2 trong bia
ti vo khong 4g/l.
Trong qu trnh lc CO2 b tht thot mt phn nn hm lng CO2 trong bia sau lc
vo khong 2g/l. Cui qu trnh lc cn cp CO2 p nt lng dch lc cui ng
thi trong qu trnh tng tr cn tip tc bo ho CO2 trong bia hm lng CO2 t
ti 4,5g/l. Lng CO2 cn bo ho 1046,9 lt bia sau lc l:
(4,5 2).1046,9 = 2617,25(g) 2,62(kg)
Th tch CO2 cn bo ho thm l:

2,62
1,832 = 1,43(m3)
Bng 13: Cc nguyn liu chnh, bn thnh phm tng ng vi bia chai.

1000

20.000

120.000

30.000.000

lt

lt/ 1 m

lit/1 ngy

lt/1 nm

Malt

153,8 kg

3076 kg

18,5 tn

4614 tn

Go

38,5 kg

770 kg

4,6 tn

1155 tn

Nc h ha

210,5 lt

4210 lt

25,26 m3

6315 m3

Nc ng ho

596,8lt

11936 lt

71,6 m3

17904 m3

Nc ra b

509,8lt

10196 lt

61,2 m3

15294 m3

B malt v go

168,5kg

3370 kg

20,2 tn

5055 tn

Hoa vin

458,1 g

9162 g

55,0 kg

13,7 tn

Cao hoa

114,5 g

2290 g

13,7 kg

3,4 tn

Dch h ha

252,6 kg

5052 kg

30,3 tn

7578 tn

10

Dch ng ha

987,8kg

19756 kg

118,5 tn

29634 tn

11

Dch lc

955,5kg

19110 kg

114,7 tn

28665 tn

12

Dch nu hoa

1195,3 lt

23906 lt

143,4 m3

35859 m3

13

Dch sau nu

1147,5 lt

22950 lt

137,7 m3

34425 m3

14

Dch ln men

1118,8 lt

22376 lt

134,3 m3

33564 m3

15

Bia sau ln men

1062,8 lt

21256 lt

127,5 m3

31884 m3

16

Bia sau lc

1046,9 lt

20938 lt

125,6 m3

31407 m3

17

Bia bo ha CO2

1041,7 lt

20834 lt

125 m3

31251 m3

Men nhn trc tip

111,9 lt

2238 lt

13,4 m3

3357m3

Men sa

11,2 lt

224 lt

1,3 m3

336m3

TT

Tn nguyn liu

18

Bng 14: Cc nguyn liu ph, sn phm ph tng ng vi bia chai

1000

20.000

120.000

lt

lt/ 1 m

lit/1 ngy

30.000.000
lt/1 nm

Acid lactics

84,6g

1,7 kg

10,2 kg

2538 kg

Huflosuppercell

0,8 kg

16 kg

96 kg

24000kg

Standarlsuppercell

0,8 kg

16 kg

96 kg

24000 kg

TT

Tn nguyn liu

1
2

Vinyl polypyriolidone 250 g

5 kg

30 kg

75000kg

Men kt lng

22,4 lt

448 lt

2,7 m3

672 m3

Polyclarlc

180 g

3,6 kg

21,6 kg

5400 kg

Vicant

30 g

600 g

3,6 kg

900 kg

Collupulin

22 g

440 g

2,6 kg

660 kg

CO2 c th thu hi

14,2 m3

284 m3

1704 m3

426000 m3

CO2 cn bo ho

1,4 m3

28 m3

168 m3

42000 m3

PHN III: TNH V CHN THIT B

1. Tnh v chn thit b nhp liu
Nh my d tr mt lng nguyn liu sn xut, trong :
- Malt d tr trong 2 thng
- Go d tr trong 1 thng.
1.1 Gu ti nhp liu vo silo
1.1.1 Malt
Lng malt cn dng sn xut trong hai thng:
18,5.25.2 = 925(tn)
D kin nhp malt trong 6 ngy, mi ngy 2 ca. Nng sut l thuyt cua gu ti:

925
=9,6 (t n/h)
6.2 .8
Hiu sut lm vic gu ti l 80%. Nng sut thc cua gu ti:
9,6/0,8 = 12 (tn/h)
1.1.2 Go
Lng go cn sn xut trong mt thng:
4,6.25= 115 tn
D kin nhp go trong 3 ngy, mi ngy 2 ca. Nng sut l thuyt cua gu ti:

115
=2,4 (t n/h)
3.2 .8
Hiu sut lm vic gu ti l 80%. Nng sut thc cua gu ti:
2,4/0,8 = 3 (tn/h)

Dng kt hp gu ti malt v go chung. Nng sut thit k cua gu ti l 13 tn/h

Bng 15: Thng s k thut cua gu ti nhp liu.

Gu ti

Malt & Go

Nh cung cp

Polyco

Cng sut

13 tn/h

Dung tch gu ti

1 lt

Khong cch gia 2 gu 250 mm

Chiu rng gu

400 mm

Chiu cao gu

20 m

1.2 Vt ti liu vo silo

Vt ti c cng sut tng ng gu ti
Chn vt ti cho malt c cng sut 13 tn/h.
Chon vt ti cho go c cng sut 4 tn/h
Bng 16: Thng k k thut cua vt ti.
Vt ti

Malt

Go

Nh cung cp

Polyco

Polyco

Cng sut

13 tn/h

4 tn/h

Vng quay

150 rpm

150 rpm

ng knh

300 mm

200 mm

Chiu di

25 m

15 mm

1.3 Silo
1.3.1 Silo Malt
Ly dung trng malt l 530kg/m3, th tch malt:
925000/530 = 1745,3(m3)
Chn silo c kch thc:
-

Chiu cao thn: 15(m)

ng knh: 6(m)
Gc cn 45o
Th tch thn vo y nn:

. 62
. 63
3
.15+
.tg 45=452,4 (m )
4
8.3
H s s dng cua silo l 0,9. Vy dung tch cha thc t cua silo l:
452,4.0,9 = 407,2 (m3)
S silo cn dng l:
1745,3/407,2 = 4,3
Vy s silo malt cn dng l 5 ci.
1.3.2 Silo Go
Ly dung trng cua go l 700, th tch go l:
115000/700 = 164,3 m3
Chn silo c kch thc:
-

Chiu cao thn: 12 (m)

ng knh 5(m)
Gc nn 45o
Th tch silo l:

. 52
.5 3
.12+
. tg45=252,0(m3 )
4
8.3
H s s dng l 0,9, th tch thc t cua silo l:
252,0 . 0,9 = 226,8 (m3)

S silo cn dng l:
164,3 /226,8 = 0,72
Vy s silo go cn dng l 1 ci
Bng 17: Bng thng k k thut silo nguyn liu malt v go.
Silo

Malt

Go

Nh cung cp

Polyco

Polyco

S lng

5 ci

1 ci

ng knh

6m

5m

Chiu cao thn tr

15 m

12 m

Gc cn

45o

45o

Vt liu

Thp tm CT3

Thp tm TC3

2. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng nu

2.1 Gu ti
2.1.1 Malt
Lng malt cn cho mt m: 3076 kg
Thi gian vn chuyn malt d kin l: 1h, hiu sut 75%.
Nng sut gu ti:

3076
=4101,3(kg/h)
1.0,75
Chn gu ti c:
Nng sut 5 tn/h.
2.1.2 Go
Lng go cn cho mt m: 770 kg
Thi gian vn chuyn go d kin l: 1h, hiu sut 75%.
Nng sut gu ti:

770
=1026,7 (kg/h)
1.0,75
Chn gu ti c:
Nng sut 2 tn/h.
Bng 18: Thng s k thut cua gu ti phn xng nu.
Gu ti

Malt

Go

Nh cung cp

Polyco

Polyco

Cng sut

5 tn/h

2 tn/h

Dung tch gu ti

0.5 lt

0,3 lt

Khong cch gia 2 gu 250 mm

250 mm

Chiu rng gu

400 mm

400 mm

Chiu cao gu

15 m

15 m

2.2 Vt ti nguyn liu vo xng nu

Vt ti c cng sut tng ng gu ti:
Chn vt ti cho malt c cng sut 5 tn/h.
Chn vt ti cho go c cng sut 2 tn/h.
Bng 19: Thng k k thut cua vt ti.
Vt ti

Malt

Go

Nh cung cp

Polyco

Polyco

Cng sut

5 tn/h

2 tn/h

Vng quay

150 rpm

150 rpm

ng knh

200 mm

100 mm

Chiu di

5m

2.3 My sng
2.3.1 Sng malt
Lng malt dng cho mt m: 3076 (kg)

5 m

Thi gian sng mt m l 1h, hiu sut 75%

Nng sut my sng: 3076/1/0,75 = 4101,3 (kg/h)
Chn my sng c cng sut 4,5 (tn/h)
2.3.2 Sng go
Lng go dng cho mt m: 770 (kg)
Thi gian sng mt m l 1h, hiu sut 0,75%
Nng sut my sng: 770/1/0,75 = 1026,7 (kg/h)
Chn my sng c cng sut 1,5 (tn/h)

Bng 20: Thng k k thut cua my sng.

My sng

Malt

Go

Nh cung cp

Lamico

Lamico

M thit b

PCS45

PCS15

Cng sut

4,5 tn/h

1,5 tn/h

Kch thc (di rng cao)

15008001100
(mm)

10006001100
(mm)

2.4 Cn
Trc khi a nguyn liu i nghin cn, c phi cn m bo lng cn thit.
Chn cn t ng ph hp vi cng sut my sng.

My sng

Malt

Go

Nh cung cp

Lamico

Lamico

M thit b

AW40

AW10

Cng sut

4,5 tn/h

1,5 tn/h

Dung sai cho php

1%

1%

Bng 21: Thng k k thut cua cn trc khi nghin

2.5 My nghin
2.5.1 My nghin go
Mt m nu s dng 770 kg go. Nghin trong mt gi v hiu sut 80%
Nng xut my nghin go l:

770
=962,5(kg/h)
1.0,8
Chn my nghin go l my nghin ba c nng sut 2 tn/h.
2.5.2 My nghin malt lt
Mt m nu c s malt lt l: 77 kg chia lm hai ln. ta s dng chung vi my
nghin go.
2.5.3 My nghin malt t
Mt m nu lng malt cn nghin t l:
3076 770 0,1 = 2999 kg.
Thi gian ngm v nghin l 30 pht, hiu sut nghin l 80%.
Nng sut my nghin l:

2999
=7497,5(kg/h)
0,5.0,8
Chn nng sut my nghin l 8 tn/h
Nc ngm malt c nhit 65C, lng nc dng ngm 60l/100kg. Tng
thi gian ngm v nghin khng qu 30 pht. Khi thu phn cua ht tng ln 20%.

My nghin

Malt

Go & Malt lt

Nh cung cp

Huppmann

Glen Moray

M thit b

Milltar 8t

PHM -2

Bng 22:

Cng sut

8 tn/h

2 tn/h

s k

Loi my

My nghin t

My nghin ba

my

thut cc
nghin

hai i trc
Kch thc

2.6 Ni

Thng

1,6m 1,1m 3,5m 1m 0,4m 1m

(di rng cao)

h ha

Khi lng dch bt trong ni h ha ng vi mt m nu l: 5052 kg

Khi lng ring cua hn hp dch bt l: 1,07 (tn/m3)
H s s dng cua ni nu l: 75%
Th tch thc cua ni nu l:

5,05
3
=6,3 (m )
1,07 . 0,75
Ch thit b h ha l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn, lm bng thp
khng g, c cc thng s nh sau:
H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.

h2

Hnh 3: Ni h ha

h1

Th tch ni:

D 2
D 2

H (
h1 h13 )
V = Vtr + Vy = 4
=
8
6
D 2
D 2

0,6 D
0,2 D (0,2 D) 3
= 0,554D3
4
8
6
Ta c: 0,554D3 = 6,3(m3). Suy ra: D = 2,2m.
Quy chun: D = 2,4m. H = 1,5m; h1 = 0,5m; h2 = 0,35m.
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 2,4+2x0,1= 2,6m.
Th tch thc cua ni l: V = 8,0(m3).
Chiu cao phn 2 v: H2v = 2 m
Chn cnh khuy c ng knh: d = 0,8D = 1,9 m, tc khuy 30v/ph.
Ly din tch b mt truyn nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni h ho l
6,3m3, tng din tch b mt truyn nhit cua ni l:
F = 0,5.6,3 3,2(m2)

Bng 23: Thng s k thut cua ni h ha

Dung tch ton phn l

8 m3

Din tch b mt truyn nhit

3,2 m2

ng knh trong

2,4 m

ng knh ngoi

2,6 m

Chiu cao thn tr

1500 mm

Chiu cao phn y cu

500 mm

Chiu cao np

350 mm

Vng quay cnh khuy

30 vng/ pht

Cng sut ng c

4 KW

p sut hi

2,5 kg/cm2

ng knh ng dn hi vo

30 mm

ng knh ng dn hi ra

300 mm

ng knh ng dn nc vo

80 mm

ng knh ng dn cho

100 mm

2.7 Ni ng ho
Tng khi lng dch trong ni ng ho ng vi mt m nu l: 19,8 tn.
Dch bt c khi lng ring l 1,08(tn/m3)
Th tch dch trong ni ng ho l:

19,8
1,08

= 18,3(m3)

Th tch s dng cua ni l 75%, th tch cua ni cn t l:

18,3
24,4(m3 )
0,75
Chn thit b ng ho l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm
bng thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau:
H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.

h2

h1

Hnh 4: Ni ng ho
Th tch ni:

D 2
D 2

H (
h1 h13 )
V = Vtr + Vy = 4
=
8
6

D 2
D 2

0,6 D
0,2 D (0,2 D)3
= 0,554D3
4
8
6
Ta c: 0,554D3 = 24,4. Suy ra: D = 3,53 m.
Quy chun: D = 3,6m. H = 2,2m; h1 = 0,7m; h2 = 0,55m.
Th tch thc cua ni: V = 26 (m3).
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi l: Dng = 3,8m.
Chiu cao phn hai v: H2v 2,9m.
Chn cnh khuy c ng knh: d = 0,8D = 2,88m. Tc khuy 30v/ph.
Din tch b mt truyn nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni ng ho l
18,3m3, tng din tch b mt truyn nhit cua ni l:
F = 0,5. 18,3= 9,2 (m2)
Bng 24: Thng s k thut cua ni ng ha
Dung tch ton phn l

26 m3

Din tch b mt truyn nhit

9,2 m2

ng knh trong

3,6 m

ng knh ngoi

3,8 m

Chiu cao thn tr

2200 mm

Chiu cao phn y cu

700 mm

Chiu cao np

550 mm

Vng quay cnh khuy

30 vng/ pht

Cng sut ng c

8 KW

p sut hi

3 kg/cm2

ng knh ng dn hi vo

30 mm

ng knh ng dn hi ra

300 mm

ng knh ng dn nc vo

80 mm

ng knh ng dn cho

100 mm

ng knh ng dn dch ng

100 mm

2.8 Thng lc y bng

Thng y bng, thn tr, np nn h2 = 0,15D.

h2

Hnh 5: Thng lc y bng

Khi lng b malt v go tng ng vi mt m nu l: 3,4tn

Khi lng ring cua b l: 0,75 tn/m3
Th tch b l: 3,4/0,75= 4,53(m3)
Chn chiu cao lp b l: 0,5(m)

4,53
Din tch y lc: 0,5 = 9,1(m2)

ng knh thng lc: S =

D /4
2

suy ra D = (4*S/

4 9,1
) =
3,4(m)
1/2

Quy chun: D = 3,6m.

Lp v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi cua thng l: Dng = 3,8m.
Np nn: h2 = 0,15D = 0,53m.

D 2 3,6 2
S

10,2(m 2 )
Din tch y lc thc t:
4
4

Khi lng cua dch lc l: 20 tn

Khi lng ring cua dch ng sau ng ho l: 1,06 tn/m3

20
Th tch dch lc l: 1,06 = 18,87(m3)

Vd 18,87
Chiu cao cua lp dch lc trong ni: hd = S = 10,2 = 1,85(m)
Th tch s dng cua thng l 70%, chiu cao thn tr cua thng l:

hd
1,85
Ht = 0,7 = 0,7 = 2,64(m)
y gi cch y tht 2cm, chiu cao thng phn thn tr cua thng l:
H = Ht + 0,02 = 2,64+ 0,02 = 2,66(m)
Chn chiu cao H l:2,8m

D 2
.3,62
V
H
2,8 27,5(m3 )
Th tch thc cua ni:
.
4
4
H thng co b quay vi tc 16v/ph.
Li lc thit k cc khe hnh nm kch thc 0,5mm 70mm, din tch thot dch
trn tng din tch sn: 14%. Ca thot dch hnh cn vi gc m rng. Dao co b
c ch to bng ng thau.
Ca x b c thit k c ng knh 30cm c ng m bng ng c in.
B x ra c vt ti y sang xylo cha.

Bng 25: Thng s k thut cua thng lc

Dung tch ton phn l

27,5 m3

ng knh trong

3,6 m

ng knh ngoi

3,8 m

Chiu cao thn tr

2700 mm

Chiu cao np

550 mm

Vng quay cnh khuy

16 vng/ pht

2.9 Ni nu hoa
Dch nu hoa c th tch: 23,9 m3
Th tch s dng cua ni l 70%, th tch cua ni cn t l:

23,9
34,14(m 3 )
0,7
* Chn thit b un hoa l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm bng thp
khng g, c cc thng s nh sau: H = 0,8D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.

Hnh 6: Ni nu hoa

Th tch ni:

D 2
D 2

H (
h1 h13 )
V = Vtr + Vy = 4
=
8
6
D 2
D 2

0,8D
0,2 D (0,2 D)3
= 0,711D3
4
8
6
Ta c: 0,711D3 = 34,14m3
Suy ra: D = 3,63m. Quy chun: D = 3,8m.
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi cua ni hoa: Dng = 4m.

H = 3m; h1 = 0,75m; h2 = 0,55m.

Chiu cao phn 2 v: H2v = 3,75(m).

Th tch thc cua ni: V = 38,5 (m3)

Ngoi v o hi thit b cn c thit k thit b gia nhit trung tm kiu ng chm
tng cng qu trnh un si mnh lit dch ng. Din tch trao i nhit
0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni hoa l 34,14 m3. Tng din tch b mt trao i
nhit: F = 0,5.34,14 17,1(m2)
Bng 26: thng s k thut cua ni nu hoa
Dung tch ton phn l

38,5 m3

ng knh trong

3,8 m

ng knh ngoi

4m

Chiu cao thn tr

3000 mm

Chiu cao phn y cu

750 mm

Chiu cao np

550 mm

2.10 Thng lng xoy

y bng nghing 2, thn tr H = 0,8D, np nn h2 = 0,15D.
Hnh 7: Thng lng xoy

h2

D 2
H
Th tch thng: V = 4
= 0,628D3
Th tch dch sau un hoa: 22,95m3

22,95
H s y cua thng l 75%, th tch thng cn t l: 0,75 = 30,6(m3)
Ta c: 0,628D3 = 30,6 m3. Suy ra: D = 3,65m
Quy chun: D = 3,7m. H = 3m; h2 = 0,55m.
Thnh thng dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 3,71 m
Th tch thc cua thng: V = 32 (m3).
Bng 27: Thng s k thut cua thng lng xoy Whirlpool
Dung tch ton phn l

32 m3

ng knh trong

3,7 m

ng knh ngoi

3,71 m

Chiu cao thn tr

3000 mm

Chiu cao np

550 mm

2.11 Thit b lnh nhanh v sc kh

* Chn thit b lnh nhanh l thit b trao i nhit dng tm bn c nng sut
30m3/h c cc thng s k thut:
S cp: 1
Cht ti nhit: nc, nhit u vo cua cht ti nhit: 2C
Kch thc my: di 2000mm, rng 700mm, cao 1600mm
S v: 171
* Chn thit b sc kh c b phn lc v trng s dng than hot tnh, thit b sc
kh vo dch ng, cc ph kin kem theo: ng lu lng, van mt chiu, van gim
p...
2.12 Thng nc nu
Chn thng cha nc nng v nc lnh c th tch nh nhau, thng thn tr H =
1,5D, y bng, np chm cu nh ln: h2 = 0,1D.

D 2
D 2
H
1,5D
Th tch thng l: 4
= 4
= 1,178D3
Mt m nu bia chai lng nc s dng l:
Nc nu cho: 4,2m3
Nc ng ho: 12 m3
Nc ra b: 10,2 m3
Nc v sinh khong 8% th tch ni ln nht l ni hoa:
0,08.38,5 = 3,08 (m3)
Tng cng lng nc cn dng trong mt m nu bia chai l:
4,2 + 12+ 10,2 + 3,08 = 29,48(m3)
Nh vy lng nc cn s dng cho mt m nu ln nht l 29,48 m3 tnh theo bia
chai. Ta ly mi thng cha lng nc dng u cho 1 m nu, tc l cha c:
29,48(m3)

29,48
Th tch cha cua thng 85%, th tch thng cn t: 0,85 = 34,7(m3)
Ta c: 1,178D3 = 34,7m3 Suy ra: D = 3,09m.
Quy chun: D = 3,1m. H = 4,7m; h2 = 0,3m.
Th tch thc cua thng: V = 35,5(m3).
thng nc nng, nc c un nng ti nhit 85C bng hi nc bo ho cp
qua ng ng xon rut g.
Lp v bo n dy 100mm. ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 3,5m.
Bng 28: Thng s k thut cua thng nc nu
Dung tch ton phn l

35,5 m3

ng knh trong

3,1 m

ng knh ngoi

3,3 m

Chiu cao thn tr

4700 mm

Chiu cao np

300 mm

2.13 H thng cip nu

H thng CIP nu gm: 1 thng NaOH 2% nng, 1 thng nc clo 10%, 1thng
HNO3 0,1%.
Chn thng CIP lm bng thp khng g, thn tr H = 1,5D, y cu: h1 = 0,1D, np
cu h2 = 0,1D. Th tch mi thng:

D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
D 2
D 2 h1 h23 D 2
H

1,5D

V= 4
= 1,218D3
8
6 = 4
8
6
Lng CIP ra bng 8% th tch thng ln nht. Ta tnh cho thng nu hoa l thng c
th tch ln nht 38,5 m3, th tch s dng cua thng l 80% th th tch cc thng CIP
cn t: 0,08.38,5/0,8 = 3,85(m3).
Ta c: 1,218D3 =4,2(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,51(m).
Quy chun: D = 1,55. H = 2,3m; h1 = 0,16m; h2 = 0,16m.
Th tch thc cua mi thng: V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.1,553 = 4,5(m3)
Cc thng c thnh dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi cua cc thng: Dng = 1,6m
Bng 29: Thng s k thut cua thng CIP
Dung tch ton phn l

4,5 m3

ng knh trong

1,55 m

ng knh ngoi

1,6 m

Chiu cao thn tr

2400 mm

Chiu cao y

330mm

Chiu cao np

330 mm

3 Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng ln men

3.1 Tank ln men

h4
h3

D
h2

h1
Chn tank ln men l thit b thn tr ng
knh D, y cn gc cn y l 60, np cu h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha
dch c chiu cao h3, phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,5D, phn y cn c chiu
cao h1 = 0,866D.

Hnh 8: Tank ln men

Th tch hu ch cua thit b l:

h1
D 2
0,866 D
D 2
( h2 )
(1,5D
)
Vhi = 4
= 1,405D3
3 = 4
3
Ly th tch phn trng cua thit b chim 15% tng th tch c th cha cua thng, ta

15
D 2
V
h3
c: Vtr = 4
= 85 hi
Suy ra: h3 = 0,316D
Tng th tch cua thit b l: V = 1,653D3
ng vi mt m nu th tch dch a i ln men l: 22,376m3

Ta s dng thng ln men c th cha c lng dch ng vi 3 m nu, tc l c th

tch hu ch t: 3.22,376 = 67,13(m3)
Ta c: 1,405D3 = 67,13(m3) Suy ra: D = 3.63(m)
Quy chun: D = 3,8 m; h1 =3,3m; h2 = 5,7m; h3 = 1m; h4 = 0,38m
Th tch thc cua thit b l: V = 90(m3)
Tank ln men c lp o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi cua tank l:
Dng = 4,0m
Mt ngy nu lng dch ng c cha vo 2 tank ln men, chu k ln men ko di
18 ngy i vi sn phm bia chai.Mt ngy c 2 tank bt u ln men. Do s tank
cng s dng l 36 tank.
Bng 30: Thng s k thut cua tank ln men
S lng tank

36 chic

Dung tch ton phn l

90 m3

ng knh trong

3,8 m

ng knh ngoi

4m

Chiu cao thn tr

6700 mm

Chiu cao np

380 mm

Chiu cao y cn

3,3 mm

3.2 Thit b nhn ging cp II

Chn thit b nhn ging cp II l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn
y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao
h3, phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D
Th tch hu ch cua thit b l:

h1
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 )
(D
)
Vhi = 4
= 1,012D3
3
3 = 4
Ly th tch phn trng cua thit b bng 1/5 th tch hu ch cua thit b, ta c:

D 2
h
Vtr = 4 3 = 0,2Vhi
Suy ra: h3 = 0,258D

Tng th tch cua thit b l: V = 1,215D3

Th tch hu ch cua thit b bng 1/10 th tch dch ln men trong 1 tank ln men:
0,1.67,13 = 6,7(m3)
Ta c: Vhi = 1,012D3 = 6,7(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,88(m)
Quy chun: D = 1,9m; h1 =1,65m ; h2 = 1,9m; h3 = 0,5m; h4 = 0,2m
Th tch thc cua thit b l: V = 8,4(m3)
Thng nhn ging c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi cua thit
b l: Dng = 2,1m.
Bng 31: Thng s k thut cua thit b nhn ging cp II
Dung tch ton phn l

8,4 m3

ng knh trong

1,9 m

ng knh ngoi

2,1 m

Chiu cao thn tr

2400 mm

Chiu cao np

200 mm

Chiu cao y cn

1650 mm

3.3 Thit b nhn ging cp I

Chn thit b nhn ging cp I l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn
y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao
h3, phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D.
Th tch hu ch cua thit b l:

h1
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 )
(D
)
Vhi = 4
= 1,012D3
3
3 = 4
Ly th tch phn trng cua thit b bng 1/5 th tch hu ch cua thit b, ta c:

D 2
h
Vtr = 4 3 = 0,2Vhi
Suy ra: h3 = 0,258D
Tng th tch cua thit b l: V = 1,215D3

Th tch hu ch cua thit b bng 1/10 th tch dch nhn men cp II:
6,7/10 = 0,67(m3)
Ta c: 1,012D3 = 0,67(m3) Suy ra: D = 0,87(m)
Quy chun: D = 0,9m; h1 = 0,78m; h2 = 0,9m; h3 = 0,25m; h4 = 0,09m
Th tch thc cua thit b: V =0,89(m3)
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng kinh ngoi cua thit b l: Dng
= 1,1m.
Bng 32: Thng s k thut cua thit b nhn ging cp I
Dung tch ton phn l

0,89 m3

ng knh trong

0,9 m

ng knh ngoi

1,1 m

Chiu cao thn tr

1150 mm

Chiu cao np

900 mm

Chiu cao y cn

780 mm

3.4 Thit b ra men sa kt lng

Chn thit b ra men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cu c h1= 0,1D, np
cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao h3, phn tr cha
dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,2D.

Th tch hu ch cua thit b l:

D 2
D 2

h2
h1 h13
3
Vhi = 4
8
6 = 0,98D
Ly th tch phn trng cua thit b bng 1/4 th tch hu ch cua thit b, ta c: Vtr =

D 2
h3
= 0,25Vhi
4
Suy ra: h3 = 0,312D
Tng th tch cua thit b l: V = 1,23D3

Lng sa men kt lng ng vi 1000l bia l 20l, vi 1 tank ln men c th tch dch
l 67,13m3 th th tch sa men kt lng l:

67,13
20
= 1343(l)
1000
Th tch hu ch cua thit b ra men phi gp 2 ln th tch men thu hi, tc l
khong: 2.1,343 = 2,686(m3)
Ta c: 0,98D3= 2,686(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,4(m)
Quy chun: D = 1,4m; h1 = 0,14m; h2 = 1,68m; h3 = 0,45m; h4 = 0,14m
Th tch thc cua thit b: V = 1,23D3 = 1,23x1,43 = 3,4(m3)
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi cua thit b l: Dng
= 1,6m.
Bng 33: Thng s k thut cua thit b ra men sa kt lng
Dung tch ton phn l

3,4 m3

ng knh trong

1,4 m

ng knh ngoi

1,6 m

Chiu cao thn tr

2130 mm

Chiu cao np

140 mm

Chiu cao y

140 mm

3.5 H thng cip khu vc ln men:

H thng CIP lnh gm: 1 thng NaOH 2%, 1 thng Trimeta HC 2%, 1 thng
P3 oxonia 0,5%.
Chn thng CIP lm bng thp khng g, thn tr H = 1,5D, y cu: h1 =
0,1D, np cu h2 = 0,1D.
Th tch mi thng:

D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H (

)
1,5 D

V= 4
= 1,218D3
8
6 = 4
8
6
Lng CIP ra thng bng 5-8% th tch thng. Ta tnh cho 1 tank ln men c th
tch 90 m3, h s s dng cua cc thng CIP l 80% th th tch mi thng cn t:
0,08.90/0,8 = 9(m3)

Ta c: 1,218D3 = 9(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,95(m)

Quy chun: D = 2 m; H = 3m; h1 = 0,2m; h2 = 0,2m
Th tch thc cua mi thng: V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.23 = 9,7(m3)
Cc thng c thnh dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi cua cc thng: Dng = 2,01m
Bng 34: Thng s k thut cua thit b cip lnh
Dung tch ton phn

9,7 m3

ng knh trong

1,99 m

ng knh ngoi

2m

Chiu cao thn tr

3000 mm

Chiu cao np

200 mm

Chiu cao y

200 mm

4 Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng hon thin

4.1 Thit b lc trong bia
Lng bia cn lc mt m 21,25 m3
Mt m thit b hot ng trong 3h
Nng sut thit b l :
21,25/3 = 7,08 m3/h
Chn my lc khung bn c nng sut 8m3/h .
Phn thn my c lm bng thp v c phu kn bng mt lp thp khng g, cc
tm lc c nn bng trc vt tay quay.
My lc khung bn c kch thc 31,51,5m
Bng 35: Thng s k thut cua thit b lc khung bn
Hng cung cp

KHS

M sn phm

FT 01-8

Nng sut

8 m3

Kch thc

31,51,5 m

Di Rng Cao

4.2 Thng tng tr v bo ho CO2

 tng tr, bo ho CO2 v n nh bia sau lc ta s dng 4 thng cha

thn tr ng knh D, y cu: h1 = 0,1D, np cu: h2 = 0,1D, chiu cao thn
tr: H = 1,5D. Th tch cua thit b:

D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H (

)
1,5 D

V= 4
= 1,218D3
8
6 = 4
8
6
Th tch hu ch cua thit b chim 85% tng th tch cua thit b:
Vhi = 0,85V = 1,035D3
Lng bia sau lc ng vi hai tank ln men cng chnh l ng vi mt ngy nu l:
125,6(m3), do mi tank tng tr phi cha c: 125,6/4 = 31,4 (m3). Ta c: Vhi =
1,035D3 = 31,4(m3) Suy ra: D = 3,12(m).
Quy chun: D = 3,2m; h1 = 0,32m; h2 = 0,32m; H = 4,8m
Th tch thc cua thit b: V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.3,23 = 40(m3)
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi cua thit b: Dng =
3,4m.
Bng 36: Thng s k thut cua thit b tng tr v bo ha CO2

Dung tch ton phn

40 m3

ng knh trong

3,2 m

ng knh ngoi

3,4 m

Chiu cao thn tr

4800 mm

Chiu cao np

320 mm

Chiu cao y

320 mm

4.3 H thng chit bock

Lng bia hi ln nht mt ngy sn xut l: 120000(l)
Chn bock c dung tch 50(l) th s bock s dng trong ngy l:
120000/50 = 2400(bock)
4.3.1 My ra bock

Lm vic 12h/ngy, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut cua my ra bock cn t:

2400
12.0,8 = 250(bock/h)
Chn my ra bock c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 270 bock/h
Kch thc: 1,5m 2,2m 2,1m
Nhit nc nng: 50 55C
Tn hao nc nng: 6 m3/h 0,4 at
Tn hao nc ngui: 2 m3/h 0,4 at
Cng sut ng c: 6 kW
Bng 37: Thng s k thut cua thit b ra bock
Hng cung cp

Krones

Cng sut

270 bock/h

Kch thc

1,5 m 2,2m 2,1m

(Di rng cao)

Cng sut ng c

6 kW

4.3.2 My chit bock

Ngy lm vic 12h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut my chit bock cn t:

120000
12 0,8 = 12500(l/h)
Chn my chit bock thng s k thut:
Nng sut 15000 l/h
S vi chit: 3
Khong cch gia 2 vi: 1,4m
Cng sut: 0,8 kW
p sut d: 0,7 at

Bng 38: Thng s k thut cua thit b chit bock

Hng cung cp

Krones

Cng sut

12,5 m3/h

Kch thc (Di rng cao)

6m 3 m 1,8m

Cng sut ng c

0,8 kW

4.4 H thng chit chai

Lng bia chai ln nht mt ngy sn xut l 120000(l)
4.4.1 My ra chai
Chn chai c dung tch 450ml th s chai cn dng mt ngy l:

120000
0,45 = 266667(chai)
Ngy lm vic 24h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut my cn t:

266667
24 0,8 = 13889(chai/h)
Chn my ra chai c thng s k thut:
Nng sut:15000 chai/h

Bng 39: Thng s k thut cua thit b ra chai

Hng cung cp

Krones

Cng sut

15000 chai/h

Kch thc (Di rng cao)

4m2m2m

Cng sut in

7 kW

4.4.2 My chit chai

Chn my chit chai c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 15000 chai/h

Bng 40: Thng s k thut cua thit b chit chai

Hng cung cp

Krones

Cng sut

15000 chai/h

Kch thc (Di rng cao)

4m 4m 2m

p sut kh nn

2,5 bar

Cng sut in

4,5 kW

4.4.3 Thit b thanh trng

Chn thit b thanh trng l hm thanh trng (tunel) c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 15000 chai/h
Cng sut lp t 4,1 kW, s dng in p 3 pha: 400V, 50Hz
p sut kh nn: 6 7 bar, 150 l/ph
Hi 3 4 bar, 6 8 m3/h
Ting n: < 70db
Thng s hot ng:
Tc bng ti chnh: 0,339 m/ph
Nhit u vo: 4C
Nhit nc cp: 18C
Nhit nc u ra: 25 36C
Chu k chai vo ra khi my l: 62 pht
Chu k hot ng: 60 pht.Trong thi gian gia nhit 27 pht, gi nhit 10 pht, h
nhit 23 pht.
Hm thanh trng c 8 khoang, mi khoang phun nc nng mt nhit khc nhau.
Gia nhit 419C bng nc 28C
Gia nhit 1933C bng nc 42C
Gia nhit 3347C bng nc 48C
Gia nhit 4764C bng nc 64C
Gi nhit 64C bng nc 68C

H nhit 6459C bng nc 62C

H nhit 5949C bng nc 40C
H nhit 4936C bng nc 32C
Bng 41: Thng s k thut cua thit b thanh trng
Hng cung cp

Krones

Cng sut

15000 chai/h

Kch thc (Di rng cao)

12m 4,5 m 2,3m

p sut kh nn

6 7 bar

Cng sut in

4,1 kW

4.4.4 Thit b dn nhn

* Chn my dn nhn c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 15000 chai/h
Kch thc my: 3,5m 1,2m 1,5m
Tc quay: 15 v/ph
Trng lng my: 300 kg
S dng keo Krones hay Eticol 6300

Bng 42: Thng s k thut cua thit b dn nhn

Hng cung cp

Krones

Cng sut

15000 chai/h

Kch thc (Di rng cao)

4m 4 m 1,8m

Tc quay

15 v/ph

Cng sut in

0,8 kW

4.4.5 My xp kt
Mt kt cha c 20 chai, my xp kt cn t nng sut:

13889
20 = 694(kt/h)
Chn my xp kt c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 1000 kt/h
Kch thc my: 1,5m 1m 2,5m
Bng 43: Thng s k thut cua thit b dn nhn
Hng cung cp

Krones

Cng sut

1000 kt/h

Kch thc (Di rng cao)

4 m 4m 2,5m

Cng sut in

1 kW

4.4.6 My ra kt
Chn my ra kt c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 1500 kt/h
Kch thc my: 4m 0,7m 1,5m

Bng 44: Thng s k thut cua thit b ra kt

Hng cung cp

Krones

Cng sut

1000 kt/h

Kch thc (Di rng cao)

4m 2m 2m

Cng sut in

0,8 kW

4.7.5 Cc thit k v trang b ph tr

Cc ni nu, tank, thng cha u c thit k cc ng ng vo ra, qu
cu CIP, ca quan st, v sinh, cp ho cht. Cc thit b c v o hi c trang b

ng h o p sut hi, cm bin o nhit nu. Cc tank ln men, nhn men c

trang b ng h o p lc CO2, cm bin o nhit . Cc thit b c kch thc v
khi lng khng qu ln c thit k cc chn bng thp, cc thit b c kch
thc v khi lng ln nh tank ln men, thng cha nc c t trn b b
tng. Cc v tr thao tc trn cao c thit k sn thao tc thp hn khong 75cm, c
cu thang ln xung thun tin trong qu trnh sn xut.
Ngoi ra cc ni nu cn c thit k ng hi c ng knh 30cm bng khong 1/10
ng knh cc ni nu, thit k ny nhm mc ch to dng hi bc ln u mnh
trnh s nhim tp c bit l trong giai on lng xoy.
Cc thng ra men, hot ho men, nhn men cn c trang b cnh khuy nhiu tng,
thng ra men c trang b cn in t.
Dy chuyn chit chai c thit k h thng xch ti vn chuyn chai c trang b h
thng phun nc bi trn, t trn cc chn c mng hng nc.

PHN IV: TNH TON CC HNG MC CNG TRNH

1 Khu vc sn xut.
6.3.1.1 Xng nu
Cc thit b trong xng nu.
ST
T

Thit b

Kch thc (mm)

S
lng

Gu ti

LBH = 500500700

My sng go

LBH = 10006001100

My sng malt

LBH = 15008001100

Ghi ch

Cn

LxBxH = 800x800x1000

My nghin go

LBH = 10005001000

My nghin malt

LBH = 150011003500

Ni h ha

D = 2600, H = 2350

Ni ng ha

D = 3800, H = 3450

Thit b lc

D = 3800, H = 3250

10

Ni nu hoa

D = 4000, H = 4300

11

Thit b lng xoy

D = 3700 H = 3550

12

Thit b lm lnh nhanh

LxBxH = 2000x700x1600

13

Thng nc nu

D = 3300, H = 5000

H thng CIP

D = 1600, H = 2800

14