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ABC ABC ABC ABC of of of of B B B BMS MS MS MS: by BAS Consultant & Engineer
ABC ABC ABC ABC of of of of B B B BMS MS MS MS: by BAS Consultant & Engineer
by
BAS Consultant & Engineer
Basic of Instrumentation
Us our Body and its parts
In BMS
INPUTS:- Sensors
Temperature (of room)
Humidity (of room)
Flow Rate (chilled Water)
Pressure (of Fire Hydrant)
Level (of a Tank)
Run status (Pumps, Fans)
Temperature Sensors
Sensing technologies
Thermistor
Accurate over limited
range
Point type only
Used for space
temperature
Nickel Wire
General purpose sensor
Point or averaging type
Used for space or duct
Platinum
High accuracy / linearity
Point type only
Precision applications
Application Issues
Mount inside thermal well for water
temperature
Mount return air sensor away from
fresh air stream
Mount space temperature sensor :
At 1500 mm height
On inside wall
Away from direct sun or other
heat sources
Ensure off-coil sensors are far
enough away from coil
Outdoor air temperature sensors
require sunscreen
Calibrate using precision resistor,
validate using digital thermometer
Know mounting scope of
responsibility
Pressure Sensors
Other Sensors
Waterflow
Mount in region of laminar
flow; five diameters from
restrictions
Many technologies:
Annubar
Paddlewheel
Electromagnetic
Turbine
Humidity
Used to measure the Relative
Humidity in air.
Some humidity sensors comes
with in built temperature
sensors also.
Carbon monoxide
Control car park ventilation fans
Carbon Dioxide
Used as indirect indicator of
indoor air quality
Electrical Transducers
Current Transducers
Voltage Transducers
In BMS
OUTPUTS:- Control
Valves
e.g
Analouge (varying-reading)
AI
OUTPUTS
e.g
Analouge (varying-positioning)
AO
I/O
Building management system relies on 4 types sensory information to make a control decision
Analog inputs : are used to read a variable measurement. Examples are temperature, humidity and
pressure sensor which could be thermistor, 4-20 mA, 0-10 volt or platinum resistance thermometer
(resistance temperature detector), or wireless sensors.
Digital input : indicates if a device is turned on or not. Some examples of a digital input would be , an air
flow switch, or a volt-free relay contact.
Analog output : controls the speed or position of a device, such as a variable frequency drive, a I-P
(current to pneumatics) transducer, or a valve or damper actuator. An example is a chilled water valve
opening up 25% to maintain a setpoint.
Digital outputs : are used to open and close relays and switches. An example would be to turn on the
parking lot lights when a photocell indicates it is dark outside.
A typical Mid Size Building may have 800 -2000 sensory points also known and I/O points.
A complex Building like an Airport may have more than 5000 points
DDC Controllers
Control Loops
Types of DDC controllers
Fixed function
Configurable
Text programmable
Graphic programmable
Point Definition
Ranging (linear, calculated,
polynomial)
Filtering (smoothing and
debounce)
Interlocks
DDC physical
Control System
Sl.
No
IO Description
AI
DI
AO
DO
FIELD DEVICE
AHU On/Off
Flow meter
TOTAL
Basics of HVAC
Pot with water
Evaporation through the pores of Mud Pot makes the water inside cool
Purpose of HVAC
The main purpose of HVAC is to provide
the people working inside the building with
CONDITIONED AIR so that they will
have a comfortable and safe work
environment.
What is AHU?
AHU is Air Handling Unit
Contains:Fan, Cooling coil , Air Filter
What is a Chiller
Cycle
Chiller Plant
Control Logic
Building Services
Services
Equipments
Mechanical system
Electrical System
Utility
BMS Protocols
BMS system manufacturer divided predominantly into two different
protocols, mentioned below
Modbus is developed by Modicon in 1979. It is used to establish masterslave/client-server communication between intelligent devices. It is a de
facto standard, truly open and the most widely used network protocol in the
industrial environment and devices.
RS 485 2Tier
Level1-: where all controllers are connected
to each other in daisy chain fashion & then
after they connect to router or gateway.
Level2-: When router or gateway is connected
to any HMI for monitoring & controlling.
User Interface
and Password
Alarms
Scheduling
Graphics
Historical Data
Demand Limiting
and Duty Cycling
Control Logic
Maintenance
Operations
Energy
Operator Workstation
Supervisory Controller (processing)
Operator Workstation (long term storage)
Supervisory Controller
Supervisory Controller
DDC Controller
BMS Typical BOQIt can be categorized in 3 broad categories1. BMS controllers, Softwares, POT(Portable Operator
Terminal),integration & PC.
2. Field Devices- It comprises different kind of sensors,
switches, actuators, Transmitters etc
3. Cables & conduits
Controllers selection can be done based on the IO (Input Output) requirements directly
just to match AI(Analog Input), AO(Analog Output), DI(Digital Input), DO(Digital
Output) in the laymans language.
Category
Type
AHU(Airside)
Temperature(cum
Humidity/RH)
Sensor
SubApplication
Category
Room
Duct
Differential Pressure
Switch
Air
Valve & Actuators
Chillers, cooling Temperature(cum
towers(Waterside) Humidity/RH) Sensor Immersion
Outside
Differential Pressure
Switch
Water
Others
Level Transmitters
CO2, CO sensor
Water
Oil
Room
3. Cable
It generally can be categorized in two different applications-:
Signal/Control Cable: From different field devices to controllers &
from Controllers to field devices to control the equipments
Communication Cable: cable between different controllers, routers
& gateways for the purpose of intercommunication between
controllers.
Integration cable: cable required for monitoring of third party
devices.
Cable Selection
BMS
Areas
Category
Cable Type
Application
AHU
2c x 1 sqmm shielded
4c x 1sqmm shielded
2c x 1 sqmm shielded
2c x 1 sqmm shielded
Run status
2c x 1 sqmm shielded
On/off status
2c x 1 sqmm shielded
5c x 1sqmm shielded
Control & Power (3c power and command) & Monitor (2c)
Integration
BMS
Areas
Category
Integartion
DG
Cable Type
2c x 1.5
shielded
2c x 1.5
UPS
shielded
2c x 1.5
VAV's
shielded
2c x 1.5
Electrical Panels
shielded
2c x 1.5
Chillers
shielded
Security & Fire Alarm 2c x 1.5
system
shielded
2c x 1.5
Elevator
shielded
Application
sqmm twisted pair Integration is only to collect data from different devices to monitor
& generate reports
sqmm twisted pair Integration is only to collect data from different devices to monitor
& generate reports
sqmm twisted pair Integration is only to collect data from different devices to monitor
& generate reports
sqmm twisted pair Integration is only to collect data from different devices to monitor
& generate reports
sqmm twisted pair Integration is only to collect data from different devices to monitor
& generate reports
sqmm twisted pair Integration is only to collect data from different devices to monitor
& generate reports
sqmm twisted pair Integration is only to collect data from different devices to monitor
& generate reports
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Input / Output summary for all subsystems, which need to either monitor or control.
Selection of appropriate field devices.
All integration devices & respective point details which has to be monitored.
Signal & Communication cable route layout (at least tentative).
Panel (Enclosure for controllers) location, BMS PC location.
Select the enclosure to mount those controllers, which includes power supply for controllers & other wirings for field device
connection.
Now start with the AHU designing which includes signal & control cabling requirement for different field device selection as
per the requirement.
4.
A typical AHU generally requires following field devices-Temperature cum Humidity sensor (or only Temp) in return & supply
duct. Differential Pressure Switch (For Air) across the AHU Fan, Filter, Actuators for AHU Line.
5.
A typical AHU will have following wiring connection- Connection to all Field
I/O, connection to VFDs.
6.
A typical Chiller side will have following field devices-Immersion type temperature sensor (for supply & return pipes),
Butterfly Valve & Actuator in each chiller supply, differential Pressure sensor across main supply & return .
7.
A typical chiller will have connection to all field devices, chiller panels, Pump VFDs.
We need to measure each field devices value during AHU commissioning as first task to make
sure all field devices are working & then all points can be put in a logic.
Water side commissioning It comprises individual commissioning of Water cooled chillers, Air
cooled chillers, Cooling towers, Primary pumps, Secondary pumps, VFDs & associated field
devices
We need to measure each field device value & other connected points value individually before
putting them into logic.
Integration of Air side & water side in a logic-This is to integrate all independent system in logic.
Which can work automatically based on the user defined parameters without any conflict of
individual system functionality.
Integration of monitoring pointsThis is to collect all data in BMS system for the purpose of monitoring only.
PICS details i.e mapping details to be taken from respective equipment supplier.
Protocol significance for integration purpose-whenever we say one device supports Modbus over
RS485, here RS 485 signifies physical channel (cable type) & communication port while Modbus
signifies data pattern. Therefore all devices in a loop must support same protocol & configure to
the same.
Cable used for integration is 2 core x 1.5 sqmm shielded
All monitored devices have to be looped in daisy chain connection to RS-485 port. Devices can
support different communication over different protocols. We need to make sure whenever making
a loop all devices should support same communication & protocol type. for instance Modbus over
RS485.
Client User interface (UI)
Client can change parameters as temperature & humidity from UI as per the comfort level & all
basic information can be viewed on the UI.
SNAPS OF INSTALLATION
PANEL
SCHEMATICS-AHU
SCHEMATICS-TFA
SCHEMATICS-SCRUBBER
Water Tank
EXHAUST FAN
CHILLER
COOLING TOWER