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Engineering Mathematics 233 Solutions: Double and Triple Integrals
Engineering Mathematics 233 Solutions: Double and Triple Integrals
y 2=2x
R:
Then,
area(R)
Z Z
1 dA =
y2
=
y
dy =
2
0
8
2
= 2 = .
6
3
2. Evaluate the integral
Z
y=0
y2
y3
2
6
4y
(x + y) dx dy
x=1
1 dx dy
y 2 /2
2
0
R:
x=1
4
3
R
x
x =
4y
We have
x=
4y
x2 = 4 y
y = 4 x2 .
Then, from the drawing above, we can rewrite the region R as the Type I region
1x2
0 y 4 x2 .
R:
Then,
Z
y=0
4y
(x + y) dx dy
=
=
x=1 y=0
Z 2
x=1
4x2
xy +
1
2
(x + y) dy dx
y2
2
2
4x
0
16 8x2 + x4
dx
2
1
4x3
x5 2
241
x4
=
2x2
+ 8x
+
.
=
4
3
10 1
60
4x x3 +
3. Find the volume of the region of R bounded by the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 and by the planes z = 0, x = a,
x = a, y = a and y = a.
Solution
region R
Then,
volume(S) =
Z Z
R
x2 + y 2 0 dA,
R:
Then,
volume(S)
Z Z
x + y dA =
x2 + y 2 dy dx
Z a
y 3 a
x2 + y 2 dy dx = 4
x2 y +
dx
3
0
0
0
0
3
Z a
3
3
a
a
x a a x
dx = 4
+
= 4
x2 a +
3
3
3
0
0
4
2a
8a4
= 4
=
.
3
3
=
4. Evaluate
Z Z p
x2 + y 2 dA, where R is the region of the plane given by x2 + y 2 a2 .
R
Solution
p
The region R and the integrand x2 + y 2 are best described with polar coordinates (r, ). In those coordinates, the
region R, which is the region inside the circle x2 + y 2 = a2 , becomes
R:
0ra
0 2.
Then,
Z Z p
x2 + y 2 dA
r r dr d
0
2
0
3
r2 dr d
a
2a3
d =
.
3
3
5. Evaluate
Z Z
e(x
+y 2 )
Solution
Using polar coordinates again, we write
Z Z
2
2
e(x +y ) dA
0
2
0
2
R1R1
0
y2
yex dx dy.
er r dr d
0
r 2
a
e
d
2 0
2
2
1
(1 ea ) d = (1 ea ).
2
Solution
If we try to evaluate the integral as written above, then the first step is to compute the indefinite integral
Z
2
ex dx.
2
But ex does not have an indefinite integral that can be written in terms of elementary functions. Then, we will fist
reverse the order of integration. The region of integration is the Type II region
0y1
y 2 x 1.
R:
y
x=y2
x
1
0x1
0 y x.
This gives
Z
0
x2
ye
dx dy
y2
1
2
yex dy dx
y 2 x2
e
2
2
x
dx
0
xex dx
0
!
2
1
1 ex
1
= (e 1).
2
2
4
0
4
7. Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the coordinate axes and the plane 3x + 6y + 4z = 12.
Solution
We have to find the volume of the tetrahedron S bounded by the plane
3x + 6y + 4z = 12 z =
12 3x 6y
4
and the coordinate axes. This is the portion of the plane in the first octant, as one can see from Picture (1).
z
3
line 3x + 6y = 12
Region R
plane
3x + 6y + 4z = 12
3
2
(1)
(2)
Then, we have
volume(S) =
Z Z
R
12 3x 6y
dA,
4
where R is the projection of the tetrahedron in the xy-plane. Then, R is the Type I region (see Picture (2))
0x4
12 3x
0y
.
6
R:
=
=
=
=
=
1
4
1
4
1
4
123x/6
(12 3x 6y) dy dx
0
4
2 x2
(12 3x)y 3y 2
dx
0
0
4
(12 3x) 2
x 2
3 2
dx
2
2
x
Z
1 4 3 2
x 6x + 12 dx
4 0 4
3
1 x
4
2
3x + 12x = 4.
4 4
0
Z
0
Z 4y2 p
x2 + y 2 dx dy.
3y
3 y x 4 y2
R:
We have
x=
p
4 y2
x2 = 4 y 2
x2 + y 2 = 4.
The region R is
P = ( 3 , 1)
0r2
0 ,
where is the angle made by the straight line x = 3 y. The straight line and the cicle meet at the points
2
3y + y 2 = 4 4y 2 = 4 y 2 = 1 y = 1.
The intersection point in the first quadrant is then P = ( 3, 1) = (2 cos , 2 sin ). Then,
1
= arcsin
= .
2
6
p
Finally, the integrand x2 + y 2 is r in polar coordinates. This gives
Z 1 Z 4y2 p
Z /6 Z 2
2 + y 2 dx dy =
x
r r dr d
3y
=
=
/6
r3 2
d
3 0
0
8
4
=
.
6 3
9
9. Find the volume below the surface z = x2 + y 2 , above the plane z = 0, and inside the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 2y.
Solution
Completing the squares, we rewrite the equation of the cylinder as
x2 + y 2 = 2y x2 + (y 2 2y) = 0 x2 + (y 1)2 = 1.
The base of the cylinder is then the circle of radius 1 centered at (0, 1). Then, we have to find the volume of the 3D
region:
z
z = x2 + y2
volume
y
region R
Z Z
x2 + y 2 dA,
where R is the projection of the 3D region in the plane, i.e. the circle x2 + y 2 = 2y. Using polar coordinates, this
gives
Z Z
V =
r2 r dr d.
R
R:
Then,
V
Z 4 2 sin
r
r3 dr d =
d
4 0
0
0
0
Z
3 1
1
4
= 4
sin d = 4
sin 2 +
sin 4
8
4
32
0
0
3
3
= 4
=
.
8
2
2 sin
Triple Integrals
10. Evaluate
Z
x=0
y=0
z=
xyz dz dy dx.
x2 +y 2
Solution
Z
0
xyz dz dy dx =
x2 +y 2
xyz 2 2
dy dx
2 z= x2 +y2
2xy
0
1
xy(x2 + y 2 )
dy dx
2
x3 y y 3 x
dy dx
2
2
0
0
Z 1
y 4 x 1
x3 y 2
xy 2
dx
4
8
0
0
Z 1
3
x
x
x
dx
4
8
0
Z 1
3
7x x
dx
8
4
0
2
x4 1
7x
16
16 0
7
1
3
= .
16 16
8
=
=
=
=
=
2xy
Z Z Z
xyz dV,
and the region B is the portion of the sphere of radius 2 in the first octant.
z
sphere
x 2 + y2 + z2 = 4
x 2 + y2 4
x
x
x
3D region B
2D region R
0z
where R is the projection of B in the xy-plane. Describing R as a Type I region, this gives
0x2
p
0 y 4 x2
p
0 z 4 x2 y 2 .
B:
Then,
mass(B)
0
2
1
2
1
2
Z
0
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
4x2
0
4x2
Z
0
Z 4x2 y2
z2
xy
2
4x2
xyz dz dy dx
2 2
4x y
dy dx
0
xy(4 x2 y 2 ) dy dx
4x2
4xy x3 y y 3 x dy dx
Z
1 2
x3 y 2
y 4 x 4x2
2xy 2
dx
2 0
2
4
0
Z
1 2
x3 (4 x2 ) (4 x2 )2 x
2x(4 x2 )
dx
2 0
2
4
Z 2 5
1
x
2x3 + 4x dx
2 0 4
x4
4x2 2
1 x6
+
2 24
2
2
0
1 64
4
8+8 = .
2 24
3
0
12. Find the volume of the region B bounded by the paraboloid z = 4 x2 y 2 and the xy-plane.
Solution
We have volume(B) =
Z Z Z
1 dV.
z
(0,0,4)
z = 4 - x2 - y2
y
x
R:
B:
Then,
Z
volume(B) =
Z
0
4r 2
r dz dr d
0
2
(4 r2 )r dr d
0
2
4r r3 dr
0
r4 2
= 2 2r2 = 2(4) = 8.
4 0
= 2
13. Find the center of gravity of the region in 12., assuming constant density .
Solution
By symmetry, x = y = 0. Also, as the density is d(x, y, z) = ,
Z Z Z
Z Z Z
d(x, y, z)z dV
z dV
B
B
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
z =
=
1 dV
d(x, y, z) dV
B
Z Z Z
=
z dV
volume(B)
1
=
8
10
Z Z Z
B
z dV .
z dV
0
2
4r 2
z r dz dr d
0
2
0
2
(4 r2 )2
r dr d
2
2
16r 8r3 + r5 dr
2 0
r6 2
32
= 8r2 2r4 + =
.
6 0
3
Then,
z=
14. Evaluate
1
8
32
4
.
3
Z Z Z p
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV,
p
x2 + y 2 .
Solution
We will use the spherical coordinates
z
p
x2 + y 2 writes as
cos = sin
sin
= tan = 1 = ,
cos
4
the plane z = 3 as
3 = cos =
11
3
,
cos
4
0 2
3
0
.
cos
0
B:
z=3
x 2 + y2
z =
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = .
Z Z Z p
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV
= 2
/4
0
/4
3/ cos
sin
sin
3 d d
4 3/ cos
4 0
Z /4
3
sin
d
4 0
cos4
81 (cos )3 /4
2
3
0
!3
81
2
27
1 =
2 21 .
6
2
2
Z Z Z
3/ cos
0
/4
0
4
15. Evaluate
2 sin d d d
x2 + y 2 + z 2
3/2
dV,
where B is the region bounded by the spheres x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 and x2 + y 2 + z 2 = b2 , where a > b > 0.
Solution
Using spherical coordinates, the region B between the 2 spheres can be described as
B:
0 2
0
a b.
12
Then,
Z Z Z
2 3/2
(x + y + z )
dV
3 2 sin d d d
0
a
Z b
1
sin d d
0
a
Z
b
= 2
ln sin d
a
0
Z
b
= 2 ln
sin d
a
0
b
b
= 2 ln
cos = 4 ln
.
a
a
0
= 2
16. Find the volume of the region B bounded above by the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 and below by the plane z = b,
where a > b > 0.
Solution
3
13
x2 + y2 + z2 = a2
sphere
Z Z Z
Z
0
1 dV
a2 b2
a2 r 2
r dz dr d
b
a2 b2
a2 b2
p
( a2 r2 b)r dr d
p
a2 r2 r br dr
0
a2 b2 !
(a2 r2 )3/2
r2
= 2
b
(3/2)(2)
2 0
b
1
2 3/2
2 3/2
2
2
= 2
(b ) (a )
(a b )
3
2
3
3
a b3
a2 b b3
a
a2 b b3
= 2
+
= 2
+
.
3
2
2
3
2
6
17. Sketch the region B whose volume is given by the triple integral
Z 4 Z (4x)/2 Z (123x6y)/4
1 dz dy dx.
0
12 3x 6y
,
4
14
12 3x 6y
3x + 6y + 4z = 12. Furthermore, (x, y) are in
4
4x
2
0 x 4,
0y
R:
(0,0,3)
y
(0,2,0)
(4,0,0)
region R
We now use the ordre of integration dV = dy dx dz. The region B be can be described as
0y
12 3x 4x
6
for all (x, z) in the region R which is the projection of B in the xz-plane. Then, R can be described as
0z3
(12 4z)
0x
.
3
R:
This gives
Z
0
Z
0
(4x)/2
(123x6y)/4
1 dz dy dx =
18. Evaluate
(124z)/3
(123x4z)/6
Z Z Z p
x2 + y 2 dV,
B
where B is the region lying above the xy-plane, and below cone z = 4
p
x2 + y 2 .
Solution
The region B be can be described as
0z 4
x2 y 2 ,
where R is the projection of B in the xy-plane. Then, R is the region inside the curve
p
0 = 4 x2 + y 2 x2 + y 2 = 16,
15
1 dy dx dz.
z = 4
+y
y
x
R
B:
Then,
Z Z Z p
x2 + y 2 dV
0
2
Z
Z
16x2
64
3
(16x2 y 2 )
4r
r r dz dr d
0
4
r2 (4 r) dr d
4
4r2 r3 dr
4
r4
4r3
d
3
4 0
d =
64
(2).
3
p
x2 + y 2 dz dy dx.
16
the straight lines x = 0 and x = 4. Then, R is the portion of the circle x2 + y 2 = 16 in the first quadrant.
z
(0,0,16)
y =
z = 16 - (x2 + y2)
16 x
y
0
3D region B
2D region R
B:
Then,
Z
0
Z
0
16x2
Z
0
16x2 y 2
Z
p
2
2
x + y dz dy dx =
=
=
=
=
20. Evaluate
/2
Z
0
16r 2
r r dz dr d
r2 (16 r2 ) dr
Z
4
16r2 r4 dr
2 0
16r3
r5 4
2
3
5 0
2048
1024
=
.
2
15
15
Z Z Z p
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV,
B
where B is the region above the xy-plane bounded by the cone z 2 = 3(x2 + y 2 ) and by the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
Solution
In spherical coordinates (, , ), the sphere is
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 2 = 1 = 1,
and the cone is
z 2 = 3(x2 + y 2 ) 2 cos2 = 32 sin2 tan2 =
17
4
1
.
tan = = or
6
6
3
3
4
.
6
sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = 1
z2 = 3(x2 + y2 )
0
6
0 2.
B:
Then,
Z Z Z p
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dV
=
=
=
=
/6
2 sin d d d
1 !
Z 2 Z /6
4
sin
d d
4 0
0
0
Z
Z
1 2 /6
sin d d
4 0
0
/6 !
Z
1 2
cos
d
4 0
0
Z
1 2
3
1
d
4 0
2
!
3
1
.
2
2
0
18