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AL Chemistry 2008 Paper I Solution
AL Chemistry 2008 Paper I Solution
1
V-shape (Bent) 1
*According to VSEPR, 2lone pair + 2bond pair = bent
(ii)
(iii)
Arrange the H-N-H bond angles in descending order for the three
species: NH2-(g), NH3(g) and NH4+(g). Explain your ordering.
NH2- has lp-lp repulsion, NH3 has lp-bp repulsion, NH4+ has
Excess NH3(g) reacts with Cl2(g) in two steps to give N2(g) and
NH4Cl(s). It is known that NH3(g) functions as a reducing agent and as
a base in the reaction. For each step, write the chemical equation and
state the function of NH3(g).
*This question is a bit difficult, esp. when you are nervous during
exam, just try your best.
(7 marks)
2008-AL-CHEM 1-1
1.
(b)
(ii)
Yes
the dipole moment cannot cancel out in tetrahedral complex
2.
(a)
Three reagent bottles each containing 0.5 M KI(aq), 14 M HNO3(aq) and 0.02
M KMnO4(aq) have been kept in the laboratory for a long time. The table
below lists the observation for each of the bottles.
Solution
Observation
0.5 M KI(aq)
The liquid is pale yellow.
14 M HNO3(aq)
There are brown fumes above the yellow
liquid.
0.02 M KMnO4(aq)
There are brown stains on the interior wall of
the bottle.
In each case, account for the observation and write the relevant chemical
equation(s).
0.5 M KI(aq)
2I- I2 + 2e- , I- + I2 I3-
Iodide combines with elemental iodine to form triiodide
*If you know triiodide is yellow, this shouldnt be difficult
14 M HNO3(aq)
4HNO3 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2
Photodecomposition of conc. HNO3, brown NO2(g) is formed
* CE level, remember it is conc. (14M)
0.02 M KMnO4(aq)
2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
(6 marks)
2008-AL-CHEM 1-3
2.
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(4 marks)
2008-AL-CHEM 1-4
3.
(a)
(iii)
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
Explanation:
4+
3+
(ii)
(iii) maxwells distribution, T2 must be flatter + higher average
molecular speed, both are from the origin (there must be molecules
with speed = 0)
(iv) by definition
2008-AL-CHEM 1-5
3.
(a)
(iv)
(b)
(ii)
*straightforward question
(4 marks)
2008-AL-CHEM 1-6
4.
(a)
A:
(ii)
B:
(iii)
D:
(iv)
E:
(v)
F: HCN 1
G:
1
(6 marks)
2008-AL-CHEM 1-7
4.
(b)
(i)
***
***
Termination
***
(ii)
(5 marks)
2008-AL-CHEM 1-8
5.
(a)
(i)
Both reactions are of the same type. Name the type of reaction.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 1
*Not (Friedal-Crafts) Alkyl/Acylation
(ii)
2008-AL-CHEM 1-9
5.
(c)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
(ii)
A.
B.
C.
CH3(CH2)3Br
D.
Answer: A
(iii)
A.
C.
CH3CH2CH2CH3
D.
Answer: B
(3 marks)
Explanation:
2008-AL-CHEM 1-10
10
6.
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
Silicates and aluminosllicates
Silicates occur in a wide variety of structures. Orthosilicates contain discrete
tetrahedral SiO42- anions with O atoms at the corners. Other silicates can be
considered as formed from the tetrahedral by sharing oxygen atoms, e.g.
disilicates contain Si2O76- ions and cyclic silicates contain (SiO2)n2n+ ions, where n
is an integer greater than 2. Polymers of silicates also exist including
one-dimensional chain silicates, two-dimensional sheet silicates and
three-dimensional network silicates.
A type of aluminosilicate is formed when some of the Si(IV) in a
three-dimensional network silicate is replaced by Al(III) and another metal cation.
Figure 6.1 shows a part of the structure of such type of aluminosilicate, and
Figure 6.2 shows the framework representation of this part of the structure with
each vertex representation a Si or Al atom.
(a) Suggest TWO reasons for the occurrence of silicates in a wide variety of structures.
ANY TWO, each 1
Si-O bond is exceptionally strong
SiO4 tetrahedra similar to diamond structure stable
Silicates adopt giant covalent tetrahedral network stable
(2 marks)
2008-AL-CHEM 1-11
11
6.
(ii)
Si2O76- =
(SiO3)612- =
4-
(ii)
Size and distribution of negative charge are suitable for these ions 1
Suggest ONE way to regenerate exhausted sodium zeolite A.
Wash with NaCl(brine) solution 1
(2 marks)
END OF SECTION A
2008-AL-CHEM 1-12
12
SECTION B
Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
7.
(a) The diagram below shows the essential components of an instrument for
studying the kinetics of the reaction:
(i)
(ii)
Colorimeter 1
What physical parameter of the reaction mixture is measured by this
instrument?
(iii)
OR
naming x y axis suitable shape
(b)
(i)
(3 marks)
Hydride ion, H , is a strong Bronsted base. Write the chemical
equation for the reaction of H- with water.
-
13
7.
(b)
(ii)
(i)
(3 marks)
Outline how you would prepare a sample of dry CuSO45H2O crystals
from copper turnings in a laboratory.
(ii)
14
8.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(I)
15
(b)
(ii)
+ Br2
(iii)
(5 marks)
END OF SECTION B
2008-AL-CHEM 1-16
16
SECTION C
Answer ONE question only, and write your answer in the AL(D) Answer Book.
Marks will be allocated approximately as follows:
Chemical knowledge
Organization
Presentation (including use of language)
50%
30%
20%
10.
END OF PAPER
2008-AL-CHEM 1-17
17