CHAPTER 4: HEAT

ANSWER
1. Question 2:Perak 07
(a)
(i)
(a)
(ii)

(b)
(i)
(b)
(ii)

More responsive to heat

The fine and uniform tube
allows a movement of the liquid
to be observed Easily / higher
sensitivity
15 mm/1.5 cm
= 150 - 15 x 100
190 - 15
= 77.20 C

2. Question 3:Melaka Midyear 09

(a) (i) Kelvin, K
(a)(ii) To obtain two fix points high
and low
(a)(iii) Opaque / easy to see/ does
not stick
(b) (i) 20.0 cm
(b)(ii)

84.5 oC

4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

3. Question 3: Trengganu 07
(a) There is no net flow of heat
between two objects and they
have same temperature
(b) 45 0C
(c) The heat from block P transfer to
the water
Until the rate of heat transfer
between P and water become
equal
(d) Q = mc
= 0.3 x 900 x 55
= 14 850 J
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4. Question 3: Melaka 09
(a)(i) 70oC
(a)(ii) 0
(b)
(c) Q = mc = 0.2 x 400 x 20
= 1600 J
(d) 3oC

5. Question 5: Johor 07
The quantity of heat energy
required to increase the
temperature of 1 kg of the
substance by 1 or 1 K
(b)(i) The temperature of the soup
in the metal pot > the clay
pot.
(b)(ii) The specific heat capacity of
the metal pot < the clay pot.
5(a)

(b)(iii) -An object with a lower value

of specific heat capacity will
increase temperature faster
when heated by same
amount of energy.
-The pot that has a lower
specific heat capacity
requires less heat to
increase the temperature.
(b)(iv) The lower the specific heat
capacity, the higher the
increase in temperature.
(c)(i)
The temperature of the soup
in the metal pot < the
temperature the clay
(c)(ii) An object with a lower value
of specific heat capacity
cools faster due to its lower
amount of heat stored.

6. Question 8: SBP 08
(a) Energy transfer from higher
temperature body to lower
temperature // type of energy
that flow
(b)(i) 80
2
= 40 C per minute
(ii) 100 -20
7
= 80
7
= 11.43 C per minute
(c) Iron
- the rate of change of
temperature is higher
(d) C iron = 50 x 2 x 60
0.25 x 80
= 300 J kg-1 C -1
C Al = 50 x 8 x 60
0.25
80
= 1200 J kg-1 C -1
(e) A
- it has lowest specific heat
capacity // easily to get hot
7. Question 7:Kedah 08
(a)(i) The energy transferred from a
hot object to a cold object // the
energy transfer because of the
difference in temperature
(ii) The temperature of the forehead
is higher than the temperature
of the pad.
Heat is transferred from the
forehead to the pad
(b)
36 15
Q = 30 x 43 x (36-15)
= 2709 J
(c)
Increase the mass of the gel
The heat removed increases
with the mass of the gel //

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the heat removed is directly

proportional to the mass
Use a gel with higher
specific heat capacity
The heat removed increases
with the specific heat
capacity of the gel // the
heat removed is directly
proportional to the specific
heat capacity of the gel.

4.3 SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT

8. Question 5: Teknik 07
(a) To find the amount of ice that

has melted due to the heat

from the surroundings.
(b) Both have the same reading.
Latent heat of fusion.
(c) (i) 20.0 g
(ii) 200.0 g
(iii) 180.0 g
(iv)
Q=ml
Pt=ml
l = 200 x 5 x 60
0.18
= 3.33 x 105 J kg -1

9. Question 6: Johor 08
(a) Heat from the surrounding

Heat from the metal plate

(b) Solid to liquid
(c) (i) Specific latent heat of fusion
(c)(ii) Heat absorbed is used to

overcome the forces of

attraction between the
molecules of the ice

6.72 x103 J
3.36 x105 J kg 1
(d) L
3
20 x10 kg
(e)

Condensation of water vapour

on cool surface

10. Question 7: Kedah 07

(a) Quantity of heat required to
change 1 kg of a substance from
solid to liquid without any change
in temperature
(b) (i) Cup B
(ii) The ice is exposed to the
surroundings The ice absorb
heat from the surroundings
(c) Heat released
= 0.5 x 4500 x (75.5 -25)
= 113,625 J
(d)(i) (mi x 3.36 x 105 )
+ [mi x 4200 (25 0) = 113,625
mi = 0.26 kg
(d)(ii) No heat loss from the coffee to
surroundings

11. Question 8: SBP Mid 08

(a)

(b)
(i)
(b)
(ii)
(b)
(iii)
(c)
(d)

(e)

the amount of heat required to

raise the temperature of 1 kg of
substance by 1oC.
Low specific heat capacity.
The temperature increased
faster.
Black painted cooper
Good heat absorber.
Low rate of corrosion.
Not easily break.
Material R
Energy = Power x time
= 500 x 120
= 60000 J
Energy = mc
60000 = 1 x 4200 x

= 14.28 oC

4.4 GAS LAWS

12. Question 1: Trengganu 08
(a)
(b)

Bourdon Gauge
Pressure
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(c)
(d)
13.
(a)
(b)

Increase
Pressure Law
Question 5: MRSM 08
Bourdon Gauge
(i) The volume of gas in Diagram
5.1 is larger than in Diagram
5.2.
(ii) The pressure in Diagram 5.1
is smaller than in Diagram 5.2
(iii) The temperature does not
change
(c) Graph P inversely proportional
to V
(d) Boyles law
(e) The number of gas molecules
per unit volume decreases as
the volume decreases / gas
molecules are closer to each
other
The gas molecules collide with
the wall of the gas container
more frequently.

(a)
(i)
(a)
(ii)
(b)
(c)
(i)
(c)
(ii)
(c)
(iii)
(d)

14. Question 6: Melaka Mid 08

The reading of the Bourdon
Gauge in Diagram6.2 is higher
than in Diagram 6.1
Pressure
Temperature
Temperature is directly
proportional to pressure
Pressure Law
Volume
When the temperature
increases, the kinetic energy
of gas molecules increases,
The gas molecules will
collide more frequently with
the wall of the container, so
the pressure will increase.

(a)
(b)
(i)
(b)
(ii)
(b)
(iii)
(b)
(iv)
(c)
(d)
(i)
(d)
(ii)

(a)
(i)
(a)
(ii)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(i)

(f)
(ii)

15. Question 6: Melaka 08

Heat is a form of energy
Diagram 6.2 is higher // vice
versa
The temperature in Diagram 6.2
is higher
Volume

(a)
(i)
(a)
(ii)
(b)
(c)

(d)
(i)
(ii)

Volume of air is zero // the air

molecules is at rest //kinetic
energy is zero

(d)
(iii)
(iv)

Increased
When the volume is decreased,
the air pressure is increased
Mass of the air trapped.
Boyles Law
Use a bigger piston
Use a thicker rubber piston.
P = Patm + Pwater
= 10 + 0.5
= 10.5 m water
P1V1 = P2V2
V1 = P2V2
P1
= 10.5 x 0.5
10
= 0.525 cm3

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Pressure
Pressure Law
T2 = P2 T1 = 230 x 300
P1
200
= 345 K //
= 72 C
Wider surface area
The pressure exerted on road
is reduced

When volume is higher, the

temperature is higher // directly
proportional
Charles Law
= absolute zero

16. Question 7: SBP Mid 08

Decreased

17. Question 7: SBP 07

Increase

Thick tire thread

To give better grip to the road

18. Conceptual: SBP 07

(a) Heat is the quantity of energy that
is transformed from one hot
object to a cold object
(b)
1. Figure 9.1 shows a situation
where a solid changes into
liquid / Figure 9.2 shows a
situation where a liquid change
into gas
2. Both processes have a change
in the state of matter.
3. Both processes require heat.
4. The heat absorbed is not to
raise the temperature, to
overcome the
force between the molecule
particles during the physical
change.
5. Concept involved is Latent
Heat

19. Conceptual: Negeri 9 08

The kettle is hotter than the ice
block / The ice block is colder
than the kettle.
The hand feels hot when it
touches the hot kettle / The hand
feels cold when it touches the ice
block.
Diagram 9.1 shows heat flows
from the kettle towards the hand
while Diagram 9.2 shows the heat
flows from the hand towards the
ice.
The heat will flow from a hotter
object towards a colder object.

(a)

(b)

20. Understanding: Johor 08

Put the thermometer in melting
ice , mark the lower part of
mercury thread,l0
Place the same thermometer in
the boiling water, mark the top
part of the mercury thread, l 100
Divide the length between the two
marks inti 100 equal divisions
Each division is now equal to 1 o
C
21. Understanding: SBP 08
Temperature is the measure of
the degree of hotness of an
object.
Thermometer is placed in the
mouth of patient,
Heat is transferred from
patients body to the
thermometer.
Thermal equilibrium between
the thermometer and
patients body is reached
The thermometer and the
patients body are at the
same temperature. The
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ii

(a)
(b)

thermometer reading shows

the temperature of the
patients body.
22. Understanding: Negeri 9 08
Sea has higher specific heat
capacity than land.
The temperature of the sea
increases slower than of the land.
The air above the land is warmer
than the air above the sea /
Density of air above the land is
lower than the density of air above
the sea.
The warm air above the land rises
up.
Air from the sea moves towards
the land.
23. Understanding: SBP 07
1. Water evaporates from the
skin when we sweat.
2. For water to evaporate it use
heat from the body
1. Steam condenses to form
water so,
2. Large latent heat of
vaporization of steam is
released by steam.

24. Understanding: Melaka 08

Volume = area x height
pressure of air is inversely
proportional to the volume of
air
the pressure inside the air
bubbles is equal to the water
pressure which is high at the
bottom
so the volume of air bubbles
is small.
as air bubble goes up to the

surface, the pressure

decreases., so the volume of
air bubbles increases.
25. Qualitative problem: SBP 07
Suggestion
Explanation
Use insulator
To prevent the
behind the
loss of heat
absorber panel
energy
Use an
A black surface
absorber panel
is a good
which is painted absorber of
black.
radiation so it
will absorb heat
faster
The pipe inside Metal is a good
the plate must
heat conductor,
be made of
so it will
metal
transmit heat to
water easily
Pipe embedded Longer pipe will
in plate must be enlarge surface
long
area will
absorbs heat
faster
A storage tank
To give higher
must be place
pressure
at a higher level
Use glass cover To trap heat
on the top of the energy.
panel
(energy is
radiated in,
but cannot
radiate out
again).

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26. Qualitative: Negeri 9 08

Modification
Explanation
Use the
Fluorescent lamp
fluorescent lamp use less power
not a filament
and economic
bulb
(consume less
power) compare
to filament bulb
Bigger cover
Less reflection
with white
on eyes and
colour
absorb less heat
energy and good
heat reflector
Use the
The height of the
adjustable
lamp can be
stand
adjusted
Or portable
Can be used
anywhere
Connect with
Avoid short circuit
the earth wire
and damage on the
bulb
Use an energy Produce same
saver lamp
brightness with
less power
consumption
27. Making Decision: Melaka 08
safety valve is
to releases extra
needed
steam so that the
pressure is the
cooker does not
reach a
dangerous stage
Thickness of the
to withstand high
pot is high
pressure
specific heat
heats up quickly
capacity of the
and food will be
pot is low
cooked faster
specific heat
heats up slowly
capacity of the
and can be held
handle is high
with bare hands

K is chosen because it has a safety

valve, high thickness, low specific
heat capacity of the pot, high specific
heat capacity of the handle
28. Making Decision: Johor 08
Characteristics
reason
Specific heat
Faster to get hot
capacity is low
Melting point is
Does not melt
high
easily
Good conductor
The heat can be
of heat
lost easily
Rate of
The shape of the
expansion is
fin unchanged
moderate
The most suitable because specific
is P
heat capacity is
low, melting point
is high,
conductor heat is
good, rate of
expansion is
moderate

(c)

(d)

Q= mc
= 0.5 x 450 x 10
= 2250 J
Energy lost = 10 x 2250 = 22500 J

29. Making Decision: SBP 08

Characteristics
Reason
Low specific
Easy get cold //
heat capacity of becomes cool
ice cream box
quickly
Smaller size of
Easier to carry //
ice cream box
easy to become
cool
Plastic PVC
Poor conductor of
heat
Bright colour of Does not absorb
outer box
heat from
surrounding
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R is chosen

quickly
because Low
specific heat
capacity of ice
cream box, Smaller
size of ice cream
box, Plastic PVC,
Bright color of
outer box

30. Quantitative problem: SBP 08

(a)
Pt
L =
m
= 0.1 x 10 3 x 156
0.05
= 312000 J kg-1
(b) t = 72 s (from graph)
c = Pt
m
= 0.1 x 10 3 x 72
0.05 x 140
= 1028.57 J kg-1 C
31. Quantitative problem: Melaka 08
P1= 75 cm Hg, V1 = 10 cm
P2 = 75 + 3 = 78 cm Hg
P1V1 = P2V2
(75)(10) = (78) (V)
V2 = 9.62 cm
32. Melaka 09
(a) (i) Heat is a form of energy.
(a)(ii) The heat energy absorbed is
used to overcome the forces
of attraction between the
molecules without increases
in the kinetic energy.
Temperature directly
proportional to the kinetic
energy

(b)(i) The amount of heat required to

convert a unit mass / 1 kg of
liquid into gas without change
in temperature.
(b)(ii)
The specific latent heat of
water vaporization is very high
energy.
When the steam is condensed
the hot water droplets drops
on the fish
caused the fish to cook faster
Characteristic
High specific
heat capacity

Explanation
the handle will
not heated.

High melting
point

the handle will

not melt easily.

Low density

the handle is
lighter and easy
to handle.
easy to stir the
food

Shape of the
handle is slim
R is the most
suitable
material

as it has a
relatively low
density, high
melting point,
high specific heat
capacity and slim

FIZIKMOZAC 2010