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-2-



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12 / 1980
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-4-

)(1 ) :(erg ) ,(cgs


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) ( Hz/ =F

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/pc2318136561.doc

-6-

: /1 /

( ) .nm(
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) (F ) .Hz (


X
HX
SX

UV
EUV

FUV

NUV

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IR

NIR

FIR
MW


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(
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380
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C =F
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) ,( F

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6
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-7-

) (1
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/pc2318136561.doc

-8-

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- 10 -

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/pc2318136561.doc

- 11 -

)Josif Stefan, 1835-1893


( ) Ludwig Boltzman 1844-1906 (
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3) ((Internal Energy ,(55-48
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)(
)( ,

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/pc2318136561.doc

- 12 -

) :(Radiation Laws

)(
)
(


)(Black bodies



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/ 2 E= Tk . e 4
= : 11 10 8.123/ 2 ) 5.667
12- 10/ ,2 , = Tk ,(4 :
=e ,272.15+ ) (Emissivity
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e
98%

95%

96%

92%

85%

92%

Hudson (1969) :
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:
/

/pc2318136561.doc

Max
=
289
8
Tk
- 13 -

= Max :
.
= Tk
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=C 101.8435
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E
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a
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E=a


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/pc2318136561.doc

- 14 -

(Snow Bindess
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e
e
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0.90

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0.90

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Lockwood (1979) : )Batton (1984

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5800 , 288 , :

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=289
Max
8
Tk
- 15 -


0.5 )( ,
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,

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(Insolation )(Income Solar Radiation

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100 10 ) (O3
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320 200
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10 )(H2O
8 000 1 000

/pc2318136561.doc

- 16 -

)(Co2
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- 17 -



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1 2


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:
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o
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T4

=Io

/pc2318136561.doc

- 18 -

= ) 8.132 11-10 / (4
= T ) (5800
= rs ) 6955 710 (
= d
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:
/ 2)/(=1.989

8.132 10-11 4(5800)3.14(69552(107


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2610/.

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%1.5 1.94/ ) 1353
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1.49
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= r2
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/pc2318136561.doc

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