CHAPTER 5

Synchronous Sequential Circuits

Logic Design

Dr. Nayera Sadek

5.1. Introduction
In sequential circuits, the outputs depend on the past
behavior of the circuit, and the present values of
inputs.
These circuits can be classified into:
Synchronous: a clock signal is used to control the
operation of the circuit.
Asynchronous: no clock signal is used.

Synchronous circuits are easier to design and are

widely used in many practical applications.
This chapter discusses the synchronous circuits.
Logic Design

Dr. Nayera Sadek

5.1. Introduction
Synchronous sequential circuits are realized using
combinational logic and one or more flip-flops.

Logic Design

Dr. Nayera Sadek

5.1. Introduction
To ensure that only one transition from one state to
another takes place during one clock cycle, the flipflops have to be of the edge-triggered type.
They can be triggered either
the positive (0 to 1 transition) edge of the clock.
the negative (1 to 0 transition) edge of the clock.

The term active clock edge to refer to the clock edge

that causes the change in state.

Logic Design

Dr. Nayera Sadek

5.1. Introduction
The outputs always depend on the present state, they
do not necessarily have to depend directly on the
primary inputs.
To distinguish between these two possibilities,
If the outputs depend only on the state of the circuit, this
circuit is Moore type,
If the outputs depend on both the state and the primary
inputs, this circuit is of Mealy type.

Sequential circuits are also called finite state

machines (FSMs).

Logic Design

Dr. Nayera Sadek

5.2. Basic Design Steps

Studying the problem.
Determine the number of inputs and outputs.
Determine how many states are required and which
transitions are possible from one to another.
Construct state diagram
Tabular form of state diagram
State Assignment
Choice of flip-flops and derivation of next-state and
output expressions.
Implementation.
Logic Design

Dr. Nayera Sadek