Low-Pass Butterworth Filter

Design

NI Multisim 10
Low-Pass Butterworth Filter

 Open Multisim 10 and

start building the
Butterworth LPF like
in figure.
 Press CTRL+W to
open the Component
Library. V1 1
L1
0H
2 L2
0H
3

R1
1 Vpk 0O R2
C1 0O
1kHz 0F
0°
0
Low-Pass Butterworth Filter Design

 wewill describe the design of a simple

low-pass Butterworth filter using
normalized prototype circuits.

 Butterworth filter has a smooth passband

response and more gradual out-of-band
attenuation.
The procedure for designing a filter
based on a normalized prototype
 Step1: you determine the order of filter that will
be needed to fulfill your design requirements.
 Step2: list the element values that will produce a
lowpass filter of that order with a cutoff
frequency of 1 radian/second, with source and
load terminations of 1 Ohm connected to it.
These are the normalized prototype values
 Step3: Formulas are used to scale those values
to the actual source and load impedances and to
the actual design cutoff frequency.
Low-Pass Butterworth Filter Design

Cutoff Frequency — the point at Fc 100 MHz

which 3dB
Passband Ripple— The maximum R(dB) 1 dB
allowable ripple within the passband
The frequency at which the specified Fr 50MHz
passband ripple occurs.

Out of band attenuation A (dB) 30 dB

The frequency at which the out of FX 500 MHz

band attenuation must be met
Calculate order (N) of filter
Step1:
 The cutoff frequency Fc, out of band attenuation, AdB,
and its frequency Fx, are related to the order of the filter
(n) by the following formula:
 F
2n
 
Adb = 10 log 1 +  X 


  FC  
 

 • The cutoff frequency Fc, passband attenuation, RdB,

and its frequency Fr, are related to the order of1 the filter
(n) by the following formula: −
FC  10  2 n
R
= 10 − 1
FR  
 
 Based on the values we entered, the filter we are
designing will have to be of order n = 3 to meet all
specifications.
Read prototype element values from
table ---Step2:
Rs=1Ohm L1=1H C2=2F L3=1H RL=1 Ohm

C1 L1
R1 L1 R1
1O 1H 2F 1H 1O

Recall that the prototype values in the tables have been normalized with
respect to frequency and termination impedance. Note that RS = RL = 1
Ohm. If you used these values to build a filter, the cutoff frequency would be
1 Hertz, and your source and load impedances would have to be 1 Ohm.
Impedance and frequency scale
Step3:
 The next step is to de-normalize the prototype element values,
scaling them up to the desired cutoff frequency and input/output
impedance. The transformation formulas that yield the appropriate
values for a desired cutoff frequency and source/load resistor value
are: Cn l n RL
C= L=
( 2πFc ) RL ( 2πFc )
where:
C = the final capacitor value
L = the final inductor value
cn = low-pass prototype capacitor value from table
ln = a low-pass prototype inductor value from table
RL = the desired load resistor value, for impedance scaling
Fc = the desired cutoff frequency
2*pi*Fc= the desired cutoff radian frequency, for frequency scaling
Low-Pass Butterworth Filter

XBP1

IN OUT
0

L1 2 L2 3
1 V1 79.577nH 79.577nH
R1
1 Vpk 50O R2
C1 50O
1kHz 63.662pF
0°
0
Low-Pass Butterworth Filter

Magnitude Response

Phase Response