Definition: An arthropod is a member of a phylum of of invertebrate animals that

includes insects, arachnids (spiders and mites), and crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, pillbugs,
shrimp, etc.). They are members of the phylum Arthropoda and are characterized by
having exoskeletons and jointed appendages.

This word comes from the Greek words arthron (joint) and podos (foot).

invertebrate having jointed limbs and a segmented body with an exoskeleton made of
chitin

CRUSTACEA
MYRIAPODA
ARACHNIDA
INSECTA

MINOR & EXTINCT

CLASSES
Onychophora
Tardigrada
Pentastomida
Pycnogonida
Trilobita

CLASS MAIN BODY REGIONS PAIRS OF LEGS PAIRS OF ANTENNAE WINGS CRUSTACEA two
- cephalothorax* and abdomen (some with head and trunk) five or more two absent MYRIAPODA two -
head and trunk many - one or two per trunk segment one absent ARACHNIDA two - cephalothorax* and
abdomen four none (though palps may resemble antennae or legs) absent INSECTA three - head, thorax
and abdomen three one usually present (but many wingless forms)

nephridium pl. nephridia

[Gk. nephros, kidney]
A tubular excretory structure found in many invertebrates.
nephron ...
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nephridium The excretory organ in þatworms and other invertebrates; a blind-ended

tubule that expels waste through an excretory pore.
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nephridium One of the segmentally arranged, paired excretory tubules of many

invertebrates, notably the annelids.
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nephridium
(pl. nephridia) A primitive excretory organ present in many invertebrates, for example, the
earthworm, in the form of a tube that opens at one end to the exterior. The other end may
open into the coelom or may terminate in a flame cell.
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nephridium One of the segmentally arranged, paired excretory tubules of many

invertebrates, notably the annelids. In a broad sense, any tubule specialized for excretion
and/or osmoregulation; with an external opening and with or without an internal opening.

Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Superphylum: Ecdysozoa
Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphyla and Classes

• Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
o Trilobita – trilobites (extinct)
• Subphylum Chelicerata
o Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, etc.
o Xiphosura – horseshoe crabs, etc.
o Pycnogonida – sea spiders
o Eurypterida – sea scorpions (extinct)
• Subphylum Myriapoda
o Chilopoda – centipedes
o Diplopoda – millipedes
o Pauropoda
o Symphyla
• Subphylum Hexapoda
o Insecta – insects
o Entognatha
• Subphylum Crustacea
o Branchiopoda – brine shrimp etc.
o Remipedia
o Cephalocarida – horseshoe shrimp
o Maxillopoda – barnacles, fish lice, etc.
o Ostracoda – seed shrimp
o Malacostraca – lobsters, crabs, shrimp, etc