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DC Motor Speed Control Using C++
DC Motor Speed Control Using C++
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i) Karan Kumar ii) Mansi Agarwal iii) Pranav Haldar
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The aim of our project was to implement a complete speed control system for a DC
motor.
The hardware consists of discrete elements such as Darlington Pairs [TIP 122 / TIP
127], resistors[1K and 5.6K], diodes[IN4007] and DC motor[9V 500rpm].
The software comprises mainly the coding for a graphical user interface (GUI) and µH-
Bridge Motor Driving Algorithm¶ written in C++.
The interfacing of the DC motor with the PC is done through the LPT port, which is
usually known as Printer Port.
The Direct Current (DC) motor is one of the first machines
devised to convert electrical power into mechanical power.
These two fields result in a torque which tends to rotate the rotor. As the
rotor turns, the current in the windings is commutated to produce a
continuous torque output.
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Commutator
Brushes
Axle
Field magnet
Furthermore its relationship between torque and speed is very linear, it can provide
relatively high torque at low speeds and PM Field provides some inherent self-breaking
There are several disadvantages through those being mostly being high current during
a stall condition and during instantaneous reversal. Those can damage some motors
In order to reduce this very high starting current, an external resistance must be
placed in series with the armature during the starting period.
While the this approach works well, it generates heat and hence wastes power.
Thus, simple Pulse Width Modulation DC motor control eliminates this problem.
needs to be changed.
polarity of operating power (for example by switching from negative power supply
Bridge´.
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Motor speed control of DC motor is nothing new. A simplest method to control the
The higher the voltage is the higher speed the motor tries to reach.
In many applications a simple voltage regulation would cause lots of power loss on
control circuit, so a Pulse Width Modulation method (PWM) is used in many DC motor
controlling applications.
In the basic Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) method, the operating power to the
motors is turned on and off to modulate the current to the motor. The ratio of ³on´ time
One way of varying the applied voltage is by using the pulse-width modulation (PWM)
technique. Using this technique, a fixed frequency voltage signal with varying pulse-
The PWM voltage wave forms for the motor can be obtained using a special power
voltage on and off according to a specified switching scheme in order to obtain the
In this project, we have taken one type of DC chopper configuration called bridge
between fully ON and zero, giving the motor a series of power ³kicks´.
By adjusting the duty cycle of the signal i.e., the time fraction it is ³ON´,
the average power can be varied, and hence the motor speed.
A very popular circuit for driving DC motors is called an ³H-bridge´. It is called that
The great ability of an H-bridge circuit is that the motor can be drive forward or
An H-bridge design can be really simple for prototyping or really extravagant for
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The original IBM-PC¶s Parallel Printer
34 .5
5 Input pins (one inverted) accessed via the &&! 36 .5
The Coding of the Project has been done in C++.
Graphics
PWM Generation
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the load.
The motor can be run as low as 100 rpm and as high as 1200 rpm.
H-bride controller drives the motor to reach the speed smoothly and within an
ëince we control the average armature voltage, speed could be controlled only
signal.
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This project is hardware cum software application, which controls the speed and direction of a DC
motor through mouse click. Thus this project helps in many real life applications where variable
speeds may be required like, drives for blowers and DC powered fans used in electronics,
The most recent application of this project was in mars rover (spirit, opportunity) in this application
the movement of vehicle and also the camera provided was controlled by same type of speed
We can also design a GPë (Global Positioning ëystem) for unmanned spaced vehicle and Robots
Other applications of this project can be in Internet Rovers, Personal Mobility, ëubmersible ROVs,
ëystems.
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