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  • Skeletal System Lecture Notes: Skull, Vertebral Column, Ribs & Appendicular Bones

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    This document provides an overview of the axial and appendicular skeleton. It describes the cranial and facial bones of the skull, including the parietal, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, occipital, maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, and vomer bones. It also details the hyoid bone and vertebral column, including the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx vertebrae. Finally, it summarizes the bones of the upper extremities, pelvis, and lower extremities.

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    Bones

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    This document provides an overview of the axial and appendicular skeleton. It describes the cranial and facial bones of the skull, including the parietal, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, occipital, maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, and vomer bones. It also details the hyoid bone and vertebral column, including the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx vertebrae. Finally, it summarizes the bones of the upper extremities, pelvis, and lower extremities.

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    11 views30 pages

    Skeletal System Lecture Notes: Skull, Vertebral Column, Ribs & Appendicular Bones

    Uploaded by

    gliwan2002
    This document provides an overview of the axial and appendicular skeleton. It describes the cranial and facial bones of the skull, including the parietal, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, occipital, maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, and vomer bones. It also details the hyoid bone and vertebral column, including the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx vertebrae. Finally, it summarizes the bones of the upper extremities, pelvis, and lower extremities.

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    of 30

    PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE

    NOTES
    SKELETON- AXIAL
    n SKULL
    n VERTEBRAL COLUMN
    n HYOID BONE
    n RIB CAGE
    CRANIAL BONES OF
    SKULL (8)
    nPARIETAL
    n FRONTAL
    n ETHMOID
    • cribriform plate, superior and middle
    concha
    n SPHENOID
    • sella turcica, pterygoid processes,
    foramen for optic nerve
    CRANIAL BONES,cont.
    n TEMPORAL
    • zygomatic process
    • mastoid process
    • external auditory meatus
    • bones of the middle and inner ear
    CRANIAL. BONES, cont.
    n OCCIPITAL
    • foramen magnum
    • occipital condyles
    FACIAL BONES OF SKULL
    ( 14)
    n MAXILLA
    • palatine process
    • alveolar process
    • infraorbital foramen
    FACIAL BONES OF SKULL
    nMANDIBLE
    n alveolar process
    n coronoid process
    n condyloid process ( mandibular
    condyles)
    n mental foramen
    FACIAL BONES, cont.
    n ZYGOMATIC
    n NASAL
    n LACRIMAL
    n VOMER
    n PALATINE
    n INFERIOR NASAL CONCHA
    HYOID BONE
    n SMALL HORSE SHOE SHAPE
    • DOES NOT ARTICULATE WITH ANY
    OTHER BONE
    n ATTACHES TO TOP OF LARYNX
    n TONGUE ATTACHES TO HYOID
    THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
    ngeneral features of vertebrae
    n body
    n spinous process
    n transverse process
    n vertebral foramen
    n laminae
    n pedicle
    n superior and inferior articulating
    processes
    CERVICAL VERTEBRAE (7)
    n C1- ATLAS
    • no body, no spine
    n C2 AXIS
    • odontoid process (dens)
    • all cervical vertebrae have transverse
    foramen
    THORACIC VERTEBRAE
    (12)
    nrib articulations
    n T-1 T-12
    LUMBAR VERTEBRAE (5)
    nL-1 L-5
    n large body
    Sacrum and Coccyx
    n fused vertebrae
    n Coccyx
    • 4 fused vertebrae
    Other features of spinal column
    nIntervertebral discs
    n intervertebral foramina
    n Spinal curvatures
    • normal primary and secondary
    • abnormal- kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis
    RIB CAGE
    n STERNUM
    n MANUBRIUM
    n BODY ( GLADIOLUS)
    n XIPHOID PROCESS
    RIBS, 12 pair
    n true ribs (7)
    • costal cartilages
    • attached to sternum
    n false ribs (5)
    • 8-10 have costal cartilages
    • 11-12 are floating ribs
    • no costal cartilages
    Anatomy of ribs
    n structures
    • head
    • neck
    • tubercle
    • angle
    • shaft
    APPENDICULAR
    SKELETON
    nUPPER EXTREMITY
    n CLAVICLE
    • sternal and acromial ends
    n SCAPULA
    • acromion process
    • coracoid process
    • spine
    • glenoid cavity (fossa)
    UPPER EXTREMITY
    n HUMERUS
    • head
    • greater tubercle
    • lesser tubercle
    • lateral and medial epicondyle
    • coronoid fossa
    • olecranon fossa
    • trochlea
    • capitulum
    UPPER EXTREMITY, cont.
    n RADIUS
    • 1. head
    • 2. styloid process
    n ULNA
    • coronoid process
    • olecranon process
    • semilunar notch
    UPPER EXTREMITY, cont.
    n HAND
    n CARPALS (8)
    n HAMATE
    n CAPATE
    n TRAPIZOID
    n PISIFORM
    n LUNATE
    n
    n
    Hand, cont.
    n METACARPALS
    n PHALANGES
    • proximal
    • middle
    • distal phalanges, except thumb
    APPENDICULAR
    SKELETON
    LOWER LIMB
    n OS COXAL(innominate bone)
    n ILIUM
    • greater sciatic notch
    n ISCHIUM
    n PUBIS
    • pubic symphysis
    n ACETABULUM
    n OBTURATOR FORAMEN
    OS COXAL

    n DIFFERENCES IN MALES AND


    FEMALES
    n female- angle greater than 180
    n female- pelvis diamter larger
    Lower extremitly
    n FEMUR
    n head
    n neck
    n greater trochanter
    n lesser trochanter
    n linea aspera
    n medial and lateral epicondyle
    n medial and lateral condyles
    Lower extremitly
    n PATELLA
    n TIBIA
    • medial malleolus
    n FIBULA
    • lateral malleolus
    Foot
    n TARSALS (8)
    • talus articulates with tibia and fibula
    • calcaneus: heel
    •
    •
    •
    •
    •
    •
    Foot
    n METATARSALS
    n PHALANGES
    n ARCHES
    • transverse
    • medial and lateral longitudinal

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