Steam Turbines

Classification
1. Impulse turbines
2. Reaction turbines
Impulse turbine
Velocity triangles for I T
Blade profiles
• Steps to solve problems
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
• Introduction:
A pump is device which provides energy to the fluid. Given
mechanical energy increases pressure or kinetic or both energies of fluid.
• Pump and turbines are functions oppositely.

• In Turbine fluid flows from high pressure side to low pressure side.
Where in pump, flow takes place from to low pressure to high pressure.
• Turbine- flow accelerate
• Pump- flow retards
• Priming is required for C.P
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
• Classification of pumps:
(a)Rotary pumps - Centrifugal pumps and others
(b)Positive displacement- Reciprocating pu mps
• Principle components of C.P
(a)Impeller– Closed
Semi open
Open
(b)casing --- Volute
Vortex
with guide vanes
(c)eye
(d)suction pipe(s)
(e)delivery pipe(d)
Centrifugal pump-components
Types of impellers
Types of casing
 Types of Casing
Casing is the airtight chamber surrounding the
impeller .
Volute: C/s area gradually increases towards delivery pipe ,
causing drop in velocity of flow.
Vortex: A circular chamber provides b/n volute casing and
impeller.
Guide vanes or Diffuser: series of guide vanes
mounted on a ring called diffuser ,K.E can be converted in to
Pr energy effectively.
Centrifugal pumps
 Nomenclature
• D1 & D2 – inlet and outlet diameters of impeller. (R)
• U1 & U2 – inlet and outlet tangential velocity of impeller.
• V1 & V2 – absolute velocities
• Vw1 & Vw2- whirl velocity.
• Vr1 & Vr2 – relative velocity.
• Vf1 & Vf2 – velocity of flow.
• Ѳ &φ- Angle made by relative velocity at inlet &outlet
• α&β-- Angle made by absolute velocity at inlet&outlet
 Formulae
• Torque on the impeller = Rate of change of momentum

• Work done per second = W(Vw2U2)/g (Vw1 =0)

• Work done per unit wt of fluid = (Vw2U2)/g

• Weight = w*Q , where Q = Volume of liquid

• Q = π D1B1*Vf1 = πD2B2*Vf2

• Euler head(He) = (Vw2U2)/g =

• 1st term = increase in K.E or dynamic head

• 2nd term = increase in static pressure

• 3rd term = indicates change in K.E due retardation of flow

Effect of blade angle on outlet triangle