Chaptor 13 ‘Trigonometric Functions of Angles gue 13:1. The datas d bean Pan 06 Trigonometre Functions of Angles chop. 191 ‘Taeorems 13:.1, The ditance d betwoen any (wo pot I the pine F295) and Pilgne) wie ty the emule Vena ia Proof. We mer to Figure 15:1 and ocd tho pint Ry). Note thatthe tine ‘Spout FUR and re perpen, tha eagle APE tm gt age, From ‘SE Pyataguean ttre, theo fight tage me related a lowe: (dypotense) = lg)? + (esa ‘Tha a #2 Rs RAP. Sloe [PR] = 2a am P= pa — 2 we ae @ olen tine Gera + an VAT W ‘Remark, The dso oral in Tore 19.1.1 may alo be writen at 42 ETAT Example 13.1.1 Find the distance betwen the pots P28) and P48) Solution. Using the ditance formula d= VAP HP. = SCOOP = VETO = VE Example 13.1.2 Show that the tangle wits versie at A(,2),B(2.1) and C(54) on ace ‘Solution. We my bow that tring ght ing by towing thats er salty ‘SePythagneat thre. "Phe nid of th tale eer to Figure 18.12) are |B) = Vea aaa = Ga va = VBP EOSTF = v2 |B0| = Viea= 220" Gn vol = VBP EAP = VB = av dc] = Vea = KeV= a= VoP = VU=SP =A = VI = 25(Se 13:4) 30) age 1312. Thang ARC Net ha (0)? (V+ (VT, (ACP = ABE + JBC. Th the Pena pom ete 2 i ath neat A Bearciae 18-1 1m pte 104d the dane betwen he pepo 139.8 2 (asntehs) 2 @0,008) 4 Go/B9)-5/68) 1m proms 3 and how tat the pen pointe A and Care erties of ht Pile. 5 'M62), 806 4),U12 10) 6 0, 8,000.9,C8,0) 1, Show tht A(-2,2) B(2,-2) mad (5) ae wt of een engl {5 Sow hat ACh V9), 58, VB) nd 1, 95) ae verti of eee 1 potions Band 10, show atthe gen pts ABCD ae sera of 3 paar 8: A(-2.0),.8102},C(,0),0%42) 10 A-10},802,3),C10-1, 3.) 1 Show tha A, 1),B(-, 1,61, 3), DG, 1) are verti of aga as ‘rigonometric Punctions of Angles ( onep. 13) 12. The perpendicalar Baer one gent 41 the ne that costa al be pointe {hat are guint to 4 and Show tat pot Pion the perpen vor of i ia ofthe fw & PI3.3),A(2.0),B(0,2) 1b. Pid, -9), 10,2), 8(-1.4) 18.2 Angles and Degree Measure Le 0 and A be two pst om sie La We die ray OA te the pit Oa the pein on band and consi pit 4 Poin O eae he sata pow of fay DA An'angle AQP te the snna of te gs QA and OB. The cmon ial pa O ‘ead the were ange AO. Pique 1-21 Matra thew deans We real hat any Hoe dvs the pase ine bal plaae. Given an ange AOD 1 cotasing ray Ot Str hal ple whieh ane pi (ge Saar be eZ cots ay O determines» hal ple whic conta SSD3(H)._ Tae menenoe ofthe hin ala Us terior of (gue 13.2310) (0) tein snssune — (Q) reraion (9 & de stot ate @mree Figure 13.22. The iter of angie AOS[See 15.8) Angles and Degree Mearare wo Let the cifrece oc of mu (an calle unit ciel) te vided ita 0 eee ewan fo nach prt els oe degre wrt Each SOS Pit ie aman written coh suet ed wet “The mearare én degree ofa angle ADB ithe mmnse i degwen of the ae FQ ae TS RT ats oh ace ith ener a 0. Tw age PQ noted, a SSSR Mota eed Som as undirected eng or wnaignad angle. Example 13.2.1 A gt ange has mene 9" and a sight ange (fred wen Te Ofte OB we cl) hae mearce 18 Gd Example 132.2 An ange wth wears 3° onethird of = 9am A Aang ‘Sorte » 9-00 ‘An angle AOD ii to bein standard powition i he nae denn ane so te es ith te cg al ap OA cine with the pang Ze Britt ESE ae Ga way stro tow the iid roy oF itl de of he ge ap OB Dad te terminal ry: terminal vide no ‘rgonometric Peto of Angee oman. 19) Figure 13.23. Are OB in warded psn. aha ante or signed angle mn ie 401 i tae i ee tr eet ie a “ymin ag Tas eu fy pan awash ye ‘Zostdtne etc cena de etic dren srt ae aap SINS caged ute ee rape tate skein (Piguetz4) Se amon | Fgwe 1824, seed ane epi pine 9 wh Example 13.2.3 Ue a poise etch he dein ng 9 = 15 a 9 = 00ws) ota Cooninater au 132 he fling iced eagle wi the i of «protractor Weavers thas pit the ple c be deci ing it etna od Jase (2) nt mtn il cient yo be a he plane ig. ir 8 al polar coordinates at O be a ed eit i the pla. and tray OA be the cal rap rca to ‘ct om "The pit i elle the pole nd ry Ow cal he polar mi peta! oni Let Pb any pit inthe pam‘ radia nctor rhe ag he Bee ine segment OP. et # bes dint ang withthe pri a the ial a ad ‘Gerais vectra the terminode The luca # ar cal he polar coordinate tpt Pad ee nally wren a a erred pa (8). Note tha ("fa monte ofthe ane rom the por othe alae tr then (7+ 200°4 ere ke uy sles ess te potion of the cn cor. Toe» ' bots P dd By the polar onan (78) may ao Bde y (8° + Trigonometric Pnctions of Angler | Ohap. Shore ie any ape nt tbe ole condita pi the pa re ot Were 1333) PO) or (43807) AN" Fre 1331, The pocorn of pot ae nt unit Example 13.3.1 Locate puis P whew ol contin ae (8,—S9P). Po active ‘io pcos (6) that each hn that aaa ia Solaion, = 3 and 9 = -50", nd pit P it hown in he Sue Blow. Wise hat can abe dered by (8.30). Pasir) Exercise 13.3 coh cnet he point with he gen yl coins. Then, ida lt eo oter tro lar nriatn to deci he pot | aur er) | seus) 6 G50) 2.1m) | & som) Bhi(See 1947 Sine and Conine of Angie aa 13.4 Sine and Cosine of Angles (oe Pague 124.1- IP motte en we tthe nef 8 ton ind) cd tee Figure 13.4.1. Pot and ectngl eats Wei tow tht sn nt on age acto fe tn ange @ an as inet ‘sit he eid tert igre 13.41), Lt (oad (9) be plead ‘etal comet, peta Ping per rar oe be me Bronomatrie Penetions of Angee nap. 19) Theorem 1841 he 40 root Sacer = VP we ve ‘Sie hy eon pot P comet {Example 13.4.1 Let wcomider the sna i fe ia all Pe Oar vat - Vso ene ~ ana Vee aver had (6) Wee 6 = 4, he smite onthe ney = 2 with bet the st quate may cae PLD) Tome r= YaP GES VETO VD ad (8) em 9 =F we i PV). eho VETER = APE =2 ee eee 6) When 00", we cone IB. Hem ra dand[see 194) Sine and Cosine of Angee a b. +. Fgie 13.42. Snead cosine some seca ans Reenari 1, Woe coe pitt Pa he tnt eo 8 Sat r= tw Remark 2 Sie the hyper fe gt trang with dev eng a Seba ia'c randy Se Tw “The ange one in Bua 1342 a sgt when te equa Co y SESW apne compen tn wil ; {ite eu eel age te | fo Ts sted he net ae: Exel 3242 Comput iw ae ae Seualon The termi ie of = 210" mate — Stag i rhe ng sae 1 ‘ie "gundrae and hoe te pole Plose) = | CRORES TT Se cane ae iponomatre Rncion of Aver | cher 19 MST Ses Fa he sanguin of @ swt =f andy = 9p Sener neh ent anar ay = 98 Ramm 3. The of in at do hein Werke nd he tana eftke Snaps Posh lo Ts th pepe he (Goieet Sh rte esa ae bowen ag | “The rectangle cine (08 pit a be tri om por er stn ong tb mn hep ont (8) an be sii os he ecg ty ce ETF and brat int Pad on = ramp 1243. tg in fe it pe ais ‘teton Uhing he if Exe 142 bln" ao 807 ae cape 13.4.4 Fin pa of crt th a) = V2see 194) Sine and Conte of Angles an 1a VETR = Vara Lae" BE Example 13.4.5 Fol angie # ch that i 1/2 ‘Schon fi ia ae ht en he inn APS ht Soi Nemo somerot ‘rang Inthe ed oni ore Pie 13.43. Fre 1343. Sone aon of in ca ‘rigonomre Pacton of Anes (oan 18) eaeoe 13.4 Pein 1-18 og nd nd hein a a 1m Prin 1816S the gsr andes, ene le ora) nae Tein Toa i me) 0-107) eee Pe fd pp tts rn ete ei sa 2D aatae [see 198) Other TrionometrieFenctions ae 1 he tangent 6 ort tan, whlch 2: The cotangent of ete et), nh dei yh a 4. The concant fern 6), whe eon y the aa sample 13.5. Comput the aan of te ix emer tne 130 eTocs oe | rt ot erce) a Pond of (Dy Tem Ao # Ha'# By dng nn To, Palate ” Se he congas o seg oe sina 2 at oeta statis aes ee Prete (nem). (Se 136) ight Tanger a 1 bia 115 sth th gl ond compe hsbc ofthe eigen teense a Prien 1639, cmput the ee of te ni tigre of engi of I gen Potene 1 Pron 3-3, th he fling eption hel whre (23) a (8) oe he ‘etnplr on prsr faonan he ema 35 Pore Ti 12.5. ad The 135.0), ‘npn 36%, bt ee mre) ich em rn, Set en Bien cate va 136 Right Triangles We will ao da spp oft wi nr he tio ‘ht ang, "To ae tng sun oa th apse sw SRS Wa ce mn aonb a Ca Swoon tht ABC ig np, wih ng Cmte ih age. Se he ae rah of ng “Tat a bath Aan ae ane age. ato dr iit gt pla SESE AE AS Fini fen tae |e. 18) Fe 8 mtn he expe age A, tho pe hs Dad the sap a oS St Sin el tes gee em =S aap oa nee an =mp : tan sin = con, Ti pa f(a (1) wl eh a ae Example 13.6.1 Sole ete nko pai tage ABC fen thet mle C= fete Ton on VTE = VOTE = VB = 13.62 A sone ean ier en ee fain 0 eit, Pid Sodom oy he beer rm Fig 130-4, wea ha heer Beng an nd oto i RERNENESS Tata tea he i ae tnt i aticadecds campus ange Them ieee erento r= Yomi = 31 6,5) 255 ogo a ater in ees deeper ‘ops. then woul be eer to etre ange BAC. we ee sand oat Benge Aa wes ore we cr a Ba stab arena a anata ection depression 5 erwin att fe Wine Ld {ittege tho ebro fae rad [feet ad ie te aie i ne ie a deren "in Pig 13.65 age Bm SE ton dane AND tm ge Sree gu 08 SStht ives teres Sato We raga rh pin igi 880 Tae : Slice tnt = fom = = V5, sro r = tS 3m mee poms and Bet ntl goed? (eee we Se)‘That cota = B+ A 6 Sie ot 30" = VF and at "= 1/V3, we he BaRtd 2 ORB 2 3-2 + seem 1 A roar eran eames ce ais 10 he fat athe geal oe et ow kth he fags if yb fe a ARE hn cy ‘ienometi Pntion of fnaer ap. 18) 12 Alto ft gh on amd The doe eae ip ee ‘arg dpe phy te ei tbe a ‘gonna et oh ae be Hw bs see EES ee ea aC bse A prema (te 6 Wh eh be he Eo ‘ayaa Fe gh bee on[See 4271 he Sine ond Corns Lowe a ae sm) = bf By om 273 sn igi 137. Sa cosine of pane an. | ample 87.1 Since 3” a 10" an mappa ane hn[se 18-7) = Soy shen an mn 4 Th ng aaah Exapole 17.3 te Law ti aie f eih ge AE h Sein. 5p te Law Siem Py gone Pacis of Angle ap. 19 he eng ABC and AP mye iin ps (ne of Comes tat =] © Vaca TaPure 13.73, Pe teed - Lerner {Te Law of Cio ay be e's tala th owing infraton ae (2) brome nnd the inetd angle. Srarple 13.7.5 Pind te uakaown prt wipe AIC, gen A = Seton Te BaP se thecon SPs 2080 05 100 ana soe) a= VBE 1306 ‘Sn pt ae nn adh edd age rg 378) ye goat Pncon of Anger lh le ABE se bedi 2a dag pha ead tiie Pid rite Sistas Partai ore 0 rab mt been ea one pd Tago ein Mirae Soe p i a a 0 Hw te Bo Chapter 15 Review Problems 1 ink he ner ten p12 a8 (3) Snip Sot ih ely ed rt Se a se ft{ee} Chapter 13. Review Proms sa | Sorel pane cete eme Pe precee dimen tone ae pee neem ieee Sia Sein tare 1 aS ete ites cme 13. 1 adjacent ses ofa tangle are length 20cm and 30cm, and they form ibe Peat ti en in oe Chapter 14 ‘Trigonometric Functions of Real Numbers 141 Radian Moaure and Real Numbers eso nig tt gt nda en te ln eh ns Nese ese Ge ne aie oe ‘Sree ingest sid Fe Fir 112. An agli anss nin eg a a _ Angeindagen |__| ar a nem Compe mene ere 14 Sec rn Le Pete mi rate fees aloe PapenSee 1h) ation Meavar an Rest Nemsere = {De 14.13 ton and af a la of ame (0 mesuypnatenge aay arcs whopper taeda ets eo tsa 13 eh (in 129.0 0900 (arma ase Bweriae 14 ‘rs 13, teh ag dd er of ng ne ain Pato pt Tae EPL ERD In {tna ft ae or prs erie 714 fl oh be ae a ete tame tent) aunt a me-$) tee me amt) 1 wa) 1 mt A eset) wea muy ‘a Proms 18.21 fod ox epyreination fro inal le for sie ane Bey Bie LST 298 igmamate Pacis of Rea Numbers lawn 142 Variations of Trigonometric Functions ESAS res eae ona Se ena teooe Siipoaeew te ys pa it ma ‘Sue pias1 See. 143) Crone af Tigmomeiric Pncions 143. Graphe of Prigonometric Functions feomep Ohm (rep 23 Hine wed} a teey Peon ncz} fant ue atone mez} (eee 1431 Fie ie ne he ten ft 9 wr) sante oiaelawme Slust pa vane wat ay ron vte Be ex wo {NE 30 gomometi Mc of Rel Mambers ener 14) ee eee In etching th gh stemming oi he Gmuibinfcaackfanda Get tieepaa tetera etc cv 6 hen 266, We we aa To hegp este ewe (03 eat eee MA. Cag aty ine sample 4.3.2 Shh be pao y= tec he rd (IF sei, Spgupicabaee mye rae o Togas CG. Hpastg ge i eaSince es = Uns st snl < 1 them lace = 1 Abo ort he vt 22 Mgmt Penton of eat Numtere (oe. 41 “ea Sn chem a a ec ty Hert) 10)%ed ay) “Te pst it mn 1.2] ca he peri Te apm ton (Bows te wpe br lee) ne ey ta mnie Ate {Cyan pete Rherem HT Sep afc wih porn. Ten y= Ea L Hissrn=fieh 9201.28. ‘Prot rn = 0 her ety wo eo pe he nly 21 Site Sata atone eros fetnater fe patie nla ste ren sie Hees = Se as, Spe ht fc me iy spe ge fest ase) uss, Noses) =feanetn Cheap (tea, ren aa (39 Tie Ret nz dy =e ae pd Poe ey al ee =e 20) = te. La ee pdf he ais Fone Sty Tae fp Sime anny se vy in he ly = fi siting Fe I) ote ic etieantmal teh th cans el Wihegheve pads focal tae factow pe AA pom Ah gE aa ae Example 12S Shh pat y= tele) PSE epee tants) een Pape esa ma by ah gh in he ii if Shida caries Yee“ Y em[se 143) Fore 439. Gh y= fone ne 1 Pons 6 fl te dma of eps fection Tien T tant Phe ees a pe) amae- iGreen Efssitetey RABIES? 1. Sh ht y= Acne) hpi © Siw tn potent rc) harp Birman ereeep ata 8) Wycteae Mpa deetels te pamnterstn {Pre 6 2, te he rr i te ihe ain af meres tigate Pein of at Namers eve 1) 1 BO, md D be pnt wit re in Fg 1A et at aot idor ues aPC Bas AB = cet ang sa? ICP ftp 0) —1P tie oa re, 2 Mensa npn) =2-2ely 0), cote menpant inn, ean Fre 144,148) =ICD) ow cm hic a ns) = st it) ~~ hm smite. Wah ne aeie= 0 eee eae— (ee. 144) ‘Adtition Pormatae w= Sac sine = conf) ad cone =n fr ol, we ag ean rn 2 te = aalf (@- 0) = ot) + Temi — plone al} pane Tapco eoepanl sas snp = snip — (01 = ape -0)— enol) ‘Wecobin [4.41] an [4.43 fo te lloring tons wich wl he edition ‘rman for sooner Riana cds Cun peepee ea a Setanta a ae stone Migeh Meeegecce Peace aie Ss cenpecmenes eee waa, pr sapeprencceee 3 Bigot Rectint of at Mamters [owe 11 ‘ane 1442 Us i el od) ete 1 fd ty i rm en pea or 2S one tame to ihe oom {e154 pl ch mp ig in 145 Other Formulas ‘Th tn ea yh | saan ant | Ganon 20) nda Secs | chet 2) aot ct 2 4O)—1(45) ter Perma " ‘Tne te il he hai ange forma open snes 0 4nle 0) Bango - singe = fate +0) tinea 1) Sin a ad abt here cle +0) compet sips cO(G-0)=emeat + anpad sate cates sonte ma o0 ante “Th we tae te lining le [emtet 0 +ente-0) fea siepane= Henle 0) ele) tees, ‘hrm. [453 145. ae and the prot forma ‘Sample 14.5.1 Pid 1) ings han ra Ssh gone Pnciont of Ht Numere xaple M52 Fads 2. Dea re he ing Sera aee 148 Tigonometrc Equations mac fits Testes eps ein sme fac ty eum {Sse te hate we pri min att STs ae eset oot fe) etn fl) To Fidos enae ti Rin end) ome Example 61 Sheth agate =[se 6) “Pigonametre Equations = Sst the tet and i ho oma gator Fa Js2u Slings ee hese) se ample 18.6.2 Sle the tin tne ‘Sow only i hea nt th {eimas Wnealy be tute aw ci nl { Setgutin Nett fe ee seein ean ner sample 18.6.3 Sete he pation a) = Seton 1 te tat cone) = —1 hen sa = 2, The ea ition Tose: Sore |) bpd =r we gone Facto of Red Nemes Leap. 16] caijelat oe ample M64 Se inn it Se 38 Seis pti a iin eet th med ct. Si = (EIN oo | este Renee (esas nt} a (aiee Stn me)[oe 147) eis os ‘Re moira et en wf tte = i/o hi tic an Ee ita ore Ene neal tne Tepe {2 rowan ty we aly ioe dwn © Scepter tt eo = = spn ay ample 147.1 Pre eo “a Tie ate va wi Ria iy te re aes Vat (otmr-t)=(eeMiep 42m 002) nt he tac he eas ate eae naan vans) Prog Wik. in tn, wana hf Tt ne ‘SUR opin ce oe et iet e) Tet ha 11 opt ry fame 112 Preeti tet is Pra Th tin oe en ely wen «By, we ean ch wear tete nme ea) rr 138 —_igonomtre Pcione of Ret Mamert [ep 14) Gample 1473 Pow te dea LIE = SEE se tees arte oc 40 @ 29 Mie mez Frama go wm cwept oo efter nek ‘en toma mo ey ae ez} tore vine =(se 148) aero Tigers Pine = 14 Inverse THigonometric Functions ‘Say tmnt tin J pri i ot tne. Th J tet Homme apc 8 mate ln of] ws Safa te ies ee a Taty = Sin sheet fy = to .5 Sins = sin Vee -5,5) ya amine @ antien ve lft ‘Te hme ofp = ene 11 at tine aa gee 148, Gaph y= m2 inn in = Sin pee aS ceteee iee Se ce S Ses ME Sa Ex-punp | then) | en -s1ves) | = came hth rips ie a way ein Sete STS Saari et oe oe me ample 148 Sieh be ph y= ain Seton 1, ech he pap oy = Sa ef SS ae pap ney wine Saeco eon, “helabmm escape mean Soon reas ina a se(se 8 (0 One by cing y= Sin (0) Oty ing = Sin ere 1.82. Gah y= as: rample 1482 Sia hepa of y= ens SW se he ph fy = Ta wre} <2 fa ae Sects ary a Tons toe a Pa RS te a TE sears fea so th the gap oy = ann pt et ‘astern Fv semtsta (sso) = § emf = Cf td an aire (0 meson) = een) = ering em rh Cis en ees arn ~— “oe sample 1684 (0) ane se tiated, aie ‘abt ofan a tea peg Yes ay = ample 485 Sve pin ane) = 5 ‘ei 2}, sample 14.8.6 Ped te nee tn foe) = Bode, 02 Seti, Me ice O25 then 0 ey tn ewe = Ce Wetae 468) nerve Drignomatric Pantone x yates and | ston (9) = sr) = Tie veto y= farm Heme = Jae ample 1.87 Sow tt infos) = VIFF, ise staan) = I= 1 Plone 118, fd te nied ee ev) Sot ee) + Soon wate 5 © ecru 2 Irgonomere Rncton of Hat Mamters [Chap 14] tne) an ai Int 8.16 te fd pet a pe wen) i eet nar 1a Pa 9.2 te on eat Biwewaesaor mw wem(eek) oH 2 Canta Biwente-}o} Meme ame 1 Prien 651, fon egein f ™). Perera prery ‘D. selmonte ose BD folnimens Ore fe rexeH 31 fejatome feed 2S at ate) = 38. Sor tat teres) = EB, a seste4a 149 Comper Numbers Src ean)(see 149) Compas Nine 1 ‘oi mira hee ey [1 lo pala forme SEE Sr ace sample 169.1 ites =n ge hom So Siethereecsoe: Feerentcreers nie tine oahyree sr rare Tyee s mp to tne ey ic f= ta = WEea(- Iara, = [+ Dae, WEL Than 2 BVI fn, we, sample 1482 Wi = 33 ete 1 ke = m8 557) i = th ad = rh, in pected ty xing eh om sh ts agi Kt ing rl pet ie ety ‘Spee abt en ye t= (emt tsa) + frets bined) Fleeet sree) shah tre) aiomatnerhnoab}edeyaad rah) Minion ak ein se srry nn teeing win fee il tans Se sig hp na men afro at i enhond sib) omtnb nnd) eis), Sree 8) 6 rigomomatri anton of Ral Meters (hep. 16) ta 0, i he in a oe 2 nfo ted) nf she Qc hesn sian)” Alon rae) one llth omd nha) sande) nie a) nla = af 4-3) =Reia-0) (0) Ronan) = 9a) cnar +307) = 16 ( fener/aor) = fear) msc [Rieoran Ten (Be Mai Fasano mp [eee (okt mtn. “rahe tee ef 81 Sap a re ee #2 eae Pea eet, Toscana = Petes eT sample 1.94 Comat) (6 FP) (2-208 wing De Mae Ten (0) Gent = eae] -tce F(2a (oven) ten (8 Soaary 1483 Ta =r a (oar =p eo(222)), area(s) renee Ramer‘ he node dr he Psy its a iit perenne romple 1495 Pind eee aber an pt he inte a ple Ae —nemen=e (tein =0 sm, sh1b0 oe #410, hr mi te gin ne 3, a staa(2222), semnas[ae 149) tan (222) kee a(t) ten ( {ii ia s9, 8c1+0, vero, vino} (se) hapten 16 Rees Protons = (Pad he et, ng, eo ample (gee th phi i hn Sat menecan (a eash mare sae ease caus viane