SUMMER INTERNSHIP

Ashwin B N
09MC05F
Contents
•Introduction
•Transducers
•Strain Measurement
•Strain gauge
•Strain Gauge measurement
•Data Acquisition Systems for Strain Gauge
Measurements
•Cantilever
beam dimensions and material
properties
•Comparision of results
Introduction
 Data acquisition involves gathering signals from measurement
sources and digitizing the signals for storage, analysis, and
presentation on a PC
 components when building a basic data acquisition system:

• Transducers and sensors

• Signals
• Signal conditioning
• DAQ hardware
• Driver and application software
Transducer
 Data acquisition begins with the physical phenomenon to be
measured. This physical phenomenon could be the temperature of a
room, the intensity of a light source, the pressure inside a chamber,
the force applied to an object, or many other things.
 Table below shows a short list of some common phenomena and
the transducers used to measure the

Phenomenon Transducer
Temperature Thermocouple
Strain Strain gauge
Acceleration Accelerometer
STRAIN MEASURMENT
 Strain is the amount of deformation of a body due to an applied
force. More specifically, strain (e) is defined as the fractional
change in length, as shown in Figure
STRAIN GAUGE
 While there are several methods of measuring strain, the most common is
with a strain gage, a device whose electrical resistance varies in proportion
to the amount of strain in the device.
 The metallic strain gage consists of a very fine wire or, more commonly,
metallic foil arranged in a grid pattern.
 The grid is bonded to a thin backing, called the carrier, which is attached
directly to the test specimen.

Therefore, the strain experienced by the

test specimen is transferred directly to the

strain gage, which responds with a

linear change in electrical resistance .

 A fundamental parameter of the strain gage is its sensitivity to
strain, expressed quantitatively as the gage factor (GF). Gage factor
is defined as the ratio of fractional change in electrical resistance to
the fractional change in length (strain):
STRAIN GAUGE MEASURMENT
 In practice, strain measurements rarely involve quantities larger
than a few millistrain (e x 10-3).
 To measure such small changes in resistance, strain gages are
almost always used in a bridge configuration with a voltage
excitation source. The general Wheatstone bridge, illustrated in
Figure 3, consists of four resistive arms with an excitation voltage,
VEX, that is applied across the bridge.
 Now if I replace R4 with Rg , i.e strain gauge .Then, the strain-
induced change in resistance, DR, can be expressed as DR =
RG·GF·e, from the previously defined Gauge Factor equation. Now

equation becomes VO/VEX as a function of strain

Data Acquisition Systems for Strain Gauge
Measurements
 Requirements

◦ NI USB- 9234

◦ Bus powered

◦ Built-in excitation up to 10 V

◦ Up to 50 kS/s/ch sample rate

◦ Simultaneous acquisition

with four ADCs

◦ Quick sensor connect

with RJ50 connectors

Cantilever beam dimensions and material properties

 Length = L =35 cm
 Width = b = 27 cm
 Thickness = t = 0.25 cm
 Area of cross section = A= b*t m2
 Moment of inertia= I = (b*t^3)/12 m4
 Young’s modulus of the material (Al) =E = 7*1010 N/m2
 Mass density ρ = 2700 kg/m³
COMPARISION OF RESULTS

Analytical LabView MATLAB

29.30Hz 32Hz 31Hz

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