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Pa Tho Physiology of ALL Diagram
Pa Tho Physiology of ALL Diagram
Precipitating Factors:
exposure to radiation
Predisposing
ETIOLOGY: and certain chemicals
Factors:
Unknown having a sibling with
Age leukemia
Gender HTLV-1 virus
Race genetic abnormalities
Family HIstory
Somatic mutations in chromosomal
the DNA translocations
Activate oncogene/
deactivate tumor-
supppresor gene
Malignant transformation
of lymphoid stem cells
s/sx:
Uncontrolled proliferation bone pain Treatment:
of lymphoblast in the bone joint pain Analgesic
marrow
Diagnostic Treatment:
Test: Lymphoblast replace the Remission
BM aspiration normal marrow elements Induction Therapy
BM biopsy Consolidation and
Maintenance
Therapy
BM Transplantation
CNS prophylaxis
Diagnostic Leukopenia Decreased production of s/sx: Treatment:
Test: 9 normal blood cells presence of Blood
(↓4.36 x 10 /L)
CBC petechiae transfusion
Decreased production bruise & bleed Epoetin and
of normal blood cells easily hemapoetic
anemia stimulants
Spillage of lymphoblast
s/sx: Infection fatigue
into the bloodstream
fever, chills dizziness
seizure palpitations
dyspnea
Organ infiltration
If treated: If not treated
Antibiotic
Ig
Leukapheresis
Septicemia
Prevention of Death
complications
Diagnostic CNS
Kidneys Test:
s/sx: Liver / Diagnostic
s/sx: MRI
h/a, weakness, blurred Spleen Test:
Little/ no UO vision, balance difficulty, Ultrasonography
Renal failure ↑RR Treatment: leukocyte cells vomiting, lethargy
Flank pain Intrathecal impairs the
Restless Extra cells
chemotherapy circulation of
n/v cause the
CSF s/sx: s/sx:
legs and liver/spleen
↑ CSF hepatomegal
feet swelling to rupture
leukocytes y
uremia
Diagnostic splenomegaly
azotemia leukocyte cells elevated ALT
Test:
compresses s/sx: bleeding (81 u/L)
Spinal Tap
spinal/ cranial cranial nerve palsies
nerves confusional states
optic neuropathy Hypovolemic s/sx:
cerebellar dysfunction shock hypotension
papilledema tachypnea
Progress to coma
tachychardia
Physical
Overgrown s/sx: Exam Lymph
thymus shortness of Diagnostic nodes
breath test:
cough Lymph node
suffocation biopsy
Compress Mediastinal
the Superior lymphadenopathy
Vena Cava
s/sx:
lymphadenopathy
Bronchial/tracheal
SVC syndrome obstruction
Treatment: s/sx:
s/sx: O2 cough, wheezes, Esophageal
swelling of administration respiratory tract compression
head, neck and Bronchodilators obstruction
arms
obstruction of
blood flow Erosion of node
s/sx: into a bronchus/
dysphagia trachea
s/sx: Severe
hemoptysis hypoxia
DEATH