Data, Signal &

Transmission
Data: Unit of information
 Analog
 Digital

2
Signal: Form of data being
transmitted
 Analog
 Digital

3
Data & Signal
 Periodic
 Aperiodic or Non-periodic

4
Time domain of signal
 Variation of signal w. r. t. time

5
Frequency domain of signal
 Frequency components within a signal

6
Some factors
 Bit Rate
 Baud Rate
 BER (Bit Error Rate)
 Bandwidth
 Of signal
 Of channel or filter

7
Transmission Impairment
 Attenuation
 Distortion
 Noise

8
Data Rate Limits
 For Noiseless channel
 Nyquist Criteria
 Bit rate = 2 x BW x log2L
 For Noisy channel
 Shanon’s capacity
 bps = BW x log2(1+SNR)

9
Performance
 Bandwidth
 Throughput
 Latency

10
Multiplexing
 FDM
 WDM
 TDM
 Shanon’s sampling theorem

11
THANK YOU

12