Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Matrix Formulation For Flexibility Method: Statically Indeterminate Structures
Matrix Formulation For Flexibility Method: Statically Indeterminate Structures
where Ne and Nn are the number of members and the number of nodes of
the given structure, respectively; nfi is the number of (independent)
unknown internal forces for the ith member (nfi = 1 for a truss member, nfi =
2 for a beam member, and nfi = 3 for a frame member); nni is the number of
(independent) equilibrium equations for the ith node (nni = 2 for truss and
beam structures and nni = 3 for a frame structure); r is the number of
components of support reactions; and Nh is the number of components of
internal releases (i.e. components of internal forces that are prescribed at
certain locations within the structure, e.g. moment release at plastic
hinges).
¾ Solution strategy by flexibility method. Let consider a statically
indeterminate structure with NR redundant unknowns. To analyze the
structure by the flexibility method, the given structure is first released to
remove NR redundant unknowns (internal forces and support reactions);
this is achieved by performing imaginary cuts at certain locations within the
structure and thereby results in a statically determinate structure. Note that
the process of release is nontrivial since a choice of redundants is not
unique but at the same time is not arbitrary. In fact they must be chosen
such that the final structure is statically stable; i.e. there is no development
of mechanisms or rigid body motion at any portion of the structure when
subjected to perturbations. The resulting statically stable, statically
determinate structure is called the primary structure. The primary
structure that is subjected to the same set of external applied loads (as the
original structure) and the released NR redundants is called the statically
admissible structure. All support reactions, internal member forces, and
displacements and/or rotations of the admissible structure can then be
determined in terms of those NR redundants. For the admissible structure
to become the original structure, the value of NR redundant unknowns must
be chosen such that the continuity or compatibility of displacements (and/or
rotations) at locations where redundants were released is maintained.
These continuity conditions provide NR equations to resolve all NR
redundant unknowns.
2101-310 Structural Analysis I 10 - 2
Po
Po
Solution The truss structure consists of 6 members and 4 nodes and contains
4 components of support reactions. The number of redundant unknowns of the
structure is obtained using Eqn. (65) as
NR = 6(1) + 4 – 4(2) = 2
Po Po
Po Po
Pr2
Pr2
Pr1 Pr1
Po Po
Po Pr2 Po
Pr2
Pr1
Pr1
Po Po
Po Po
Pr2
Pr2
Pr1 Pr1
Po Po
Po Po
Pr2
Pr1 Pr2 Pr1
3Po Po
L L L
NR = 3(2) + 3 – 4(2) = 1
Pr1 3Po Po
3Po Po
Pr1
Valid statically admissible structure
3Po Po
Pr1
Valid statically admissible structure
2101-310 Structural Analysis I 10 - 5
Pr1
3Po Po
L L L
3Po Pr1 Po
L L L
Invalid statically admissible structure
Mo
NR = 3(2) + 5 – 3(3) = 2
2101-310 Structural Analysis I 10 - 6
Mo Pr1 Mo Pr1
Pr2
Pr2
Mo Mo
Pr1 Pr1
Pr2 Pr2
Mo Pr1 Mo
Pr1
Pr2
Pr2