CHAPTER 4

MECHANISM
DESIGN

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OBJECTIVES:

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Introduction
From chapter 2: Displacement analysis, we study on
the analysis of existing mechanism, where to
determine the displacement of a specific mechanism.

In this chapter, the design of a mechanism presents

the opposite task; that is, given a desired motion, a
mechanism must be determined. This process is
called ‘Synthesis’

Synthesis is term given to describe the process of

designing a mechanism that produces a desired
output motion for a given input motion.
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TIME RATIO
Many mechanism that produce reciprocating motion (such as an
engine mechanism and windshield wiper) are design to produce
symmetrical motion, that is, the outward stroke are identical to inward
stroke. These mechanism often do work in both directions.
However, some machines are design to require a difference in the
average speed of the forward and return stroke, such as cutting
machine and package-moving device. These mechanism typically
work only on the forward stroke.

The return stroke must be fast as possible, so maximum time is

available for working stroke.
A measure of the quick –return action of a mechanism is the time ratio
is define as:

Relation to imbalance angle  :

or

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 DESIGN OF SLIDER-CRANK MECHANISM
1. IN-LINE CRANK SLIDER MECHANISM

This type of mechanism is a balanced linkage, because the motion of

the crank and connecting rod is symmetry about the sliding axis.

The design of an in-line slider-crank mechanism involves determining

the length of L2 and L3 to achieve the desire stroke, (R4)max.

The length of L3 does not affect the

stroke, but shorter greater velocity

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From the data, clearly show that the L3 length should
be made as large as possible.

The L3 should be at least 3 times greater than L2

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2. OFFSET CRANK SLIDER MECHANISM

1. Locate the sliding axis (point C)

2. Draw the extreme positions
3. Construct a line through these two
extreme positions.
4. The intersection between these two
line is a pivot point of the crank.

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2. OFFSET CRANK SLIDER MECHANISM

Because the intersection of line M and N is arbitrary chosen,

therefore an infinite number of suitable mechanism can be designed
to achieve the desired maximum slider displacement.

However, the mechanism that produce the longest connecting arm

have lower accelerations, and subsequently lower inertial forces .

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DESIGN OF CRANK-ROCKER MECHANISM

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DESIGN OF CRANK-ROCKER MECHANISM

Because the intersection of line M and N is arbitrary chosen,

therefore an infinite number of suitable mechanism can be designed
to achieve the desired maximum throw angle.

However, the mechanism that produce the longest connecting arm

have lower accelerations, and subsequently lower inertial forces .

an additional measure of the ‘quality’ of 4-bar mechanism is the

transmission angle, .

when  becomes small, a large forces are required to drive the rocker
arm. For best result,  should be as close to 90o as possible during
the entire rotation of the crank. This will reduce bending in the links
and produce the most favorable force-transmission conditions.

as general, a 4-bar mechanism not be used when the  is outside the

limits of 45o and 135o . In force analysis (chapter 9), we will determine
the effect of the .

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MECHANISM TO MOVE A LINK BETWEEN TWO POSITIONS

When two positions of a link are specified, this class of design

problem is called two-point synthesis.

This task can be accomplished by

1.Rotating a link about a single pivot point or
2.Coupler of a 4-bar mechansim

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MECHANISM TO MOVE A LINK BETWEEN THREE POSITIONS

When three positions of a link are specified, this class of design

problem is called three-point synthesis.

This task can be accomplished only by Coupler of a 4-bar

mechanism

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