Digital Signal Processing

Fundamentals

Shree Prasad M.
Agenda

•Digital Signal Processing system.

•Concept and importance of Fourier
representation of signals.
•Application of Digital Signal Processing.
•Advantages of Digital Signal
 Digital Signal Processing system.

Digital DA
AD
signal C
C
processor
Analog Digital Digital Analog
input Input output output
signal Signal Signal Signal
 Analog –to- Digital converter

x(t) x(n) xq(n) 0110

Sample Quantizer coder 1
r

Analog Discrete Quantized Digital

signal time signal Signal
signal
Sampler:

Analog signal x(t)

Sampler:

Discrete time signal

x(n)

Ts
•Ts is the sampling interval : Time between
two successive samples .
• Fs = 1/Ts is called as the sampling frequency .
• Sampling Freqency is the rate at which the
signal is sampled or it is also called as samples
per second.

• Fm is the frequency of the message signal.

Sampler: Reconstruction
sampling demonstration
2

1.5

0.5
amplitude

-0.5

-1

Ts
-1.5

-2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
time in sec
Sampler: Reconstruction
• Undersampling : when Fs < 2* Fm
Ts = 1/ Fs ; large between two samples.

•Nyquist rate : when Fs = 2* Fm

• Oversampling : when Fs >2* Fm
Undersampling : when Fs < 2* Fm

Aliased signal = fs - fm Input = fm

Quantization
 R3
I1,
2
R2

I0,
1
R1

I0,-1

R0
I-1,-2
Quantized Signal
Coder

• R0 = 00
•R1 = 01
•R2 = 10
•R3 = 11
Concept of Fourier representation

•Representation of signals as
weighted superposition of sinusoids
x(t) = X(Ω1) ejΩ1t + X(Ω2) ejΩ2t
 Reasons For Signal Processing.

•Extract Information About The Signal (Amplitude,

Phase,Frequency,
Spectral Content).
•Reformat the Signal (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA Telephony).
•Compress Data (Modems, Cellular Telephone, HDTV, MPEG).
•Generate Feedback Control Signal (Industrial Process Control).
•Extract Signal From Noise (Filtering, Autocorrelation,
Convolution).
•Capture and Store Signal in Digital Format for Analysis (FFT
Advantages of digital signal processing
• Flexibility in Reconfiguring the
Design.
•Digitals can easily be stored on
magnetic media.
•Complex signal processing algorithms
can be easily implemented in a digital
computer.
•Digital implementation of the signal
processing system is cheaper.
Applications of DSP

•Mobile Phones.
•Multimedia computer.
•Medical application.
•Video recorders
•DVD/Blue –Ray/CD player
•Audio Electronics.