Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates

Lesson 4
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson you should be able to:
1. Convert from cylindrical to rectangular coordinates
or vice versa.
2. Convert from spherical to rectangular coordinates
or vice versa.
3. Write the equation in cylindrical coordinates.
4. Write the equation in spherical coordinates.
5. Identify the surface.

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 Cylindrical Coordinates

The ordered triple ( r ,  , z ) where r ,  are

polar coordinates .
z x  r cos 
P(x,y,z)
 y  r sin 
r x y
2 2 2

z
1 y
r   tan
 y x
x z=z
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 Example 1
Change from rectangular to cylindrical coordinates
the point
(1,  3 , 2) : ( x, y, z )  (r ,  , z )

Solution:
r  x2  y2  2 , z  2
y 1  3 4
  tan 1
 tan  240 
0

x 1 3
 1,    4    
3 , 2  2, , 2   2, , 2
 3   3 

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 Example 2

Find the rectangular coordinate of the point


(3 , , 1)
2
Solution

( r ,  , z )  ( x , y , z )  ( r cos , r sin , z )
( x , y , z )  ( 0 , 3 , 1)

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 Spherical Coordinates
z

( ,  ,  ) Use this!!!
z  
 z   cos  , r   sin 
y
r x   sin  cos  , y   sin  sin 
  2  x2  y 2  z 2
x
(0     ,   0)

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 Example 3
Change the point (1, 3 , 2 3 ) from rectangular
coordinates to spherical coordinates. ( x, y, z )  (  ,  ,  )
2  x 2  y 2  z 2

  1  ( 3)  2 3
2 2
  2
4 x   sin  cos 
1 1
  cos
4 sin 30 0
1 1
z   cos    cos  60 0
2
z 1 1 2 3
  cos  cos  30 0
 4
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 Example 4
  
Change the point  8 , 6 , 2  from spherical coordinates to
 
cylindrical coordinates.
  , ,     r ,  , z 
2  ( x 2  y 2 )  z 2  r 2  z 2
2
 
8  r    cos 
2 2 2
 r   8 cos 
2

 2
r 8 , z 0

     
 8 , ,    8, , 0 
 6 2  6 
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 Example 5
Identify the surface whose equation is given:
(Hint: Express the equations in rectangular forms and
determine the traces to find the solid).

1) z  r 2

2) r  2 cos 
3) r  2 z  4
2 2

UTP/JBJ 8
 z  r2 r 2  2z 2  4
z  x2  y2 , x2  y 2  2z 2  4
x2 y2 z 2
( circular paraboloid ) 2
 2  1
2 2 2

r  2 cos  (hypeboloid )
 r  2 cos  r
x2  y 2  2x ,
(cirular cylinder )

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 Exercise

Solve problems on page 879

Nos. 38, 42, 45

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