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Mengubah dari
tegangan DC menjadi
AC
Aplikasi: power
supply, UPS
(uninterruptible power
supply), electric drive,
active filter, power
factor correction dsb.
Tegangan DC input:
– DC murni (tidak ada
ripple)
Tegangan AC output:
– Square wave
– Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM)
– Sinusoidal
Battery ac load
Filter AC
Vdc +
– Sebuah sumber DC Cdc vo
+
R
-
– Empat buah semikonductor -
switch Q2 D2 Q4 D4
Line Commutation:
– Switch devices: thyristor
– Padam karena teg. line io
Forced Commutation:
– Switch devices: keluarga Q1 D1 Q3 D3
Transistor (BJT, IGBT etc), Vdc +
thyristor dengan +
Cdc vo R
commutation circuit -
-
– Padam karena dipaksa Q2 Q4
D2 D4
Resonant:
– Switch devices: thyristor
– Padam karena beban
berupa komponen
resonansi
Inverter Switching, Dr. M. Ashari-T.Elektro ITS
Switching Techniques
io
1. Square-wave
2. Single Pulse Width Q1 D1 Q3 D3
Modulation (PWM) Vdc +
+
3. Multiple Pulse PWM Cdc vo R
-
4. Sinusoidal PWM Q2 Q4
-
D2 D4
5. Modified SPWM
To=1/ fo
Fourier Series:
4Vdc sin nt
vo
n 1, 3, 5,... n
4Vdc 4V 4V
vo (t ) sin(t ) dc sin(3t ) dc sin(5t ) ...
3 5
4Vdc
V1 rms
2
Inverter Switching, Dr. M. Ashari-T.Elektro ITS
(1) Square Wave Switching
The rms output is fixed 2 2
1
depending on the dc Vo rms Vdc dt (Vdc ) 2 dt Vdc
2
0
voltage Vdc
Controlling the rms 4Vdc
output must be from the V1 rms
dc voltage 2
High fundamental 2
component, the peak Vo rms
THD 1
voltage = 1.27 Vdc V1 rms
High harmonic 2
distortion =48.3% 1 0.483
8
vo (t) = Vdc
Fourier Series:
n
4Vdc sin
vo
n 1,3,5,... n
2 sin nt
4Vdc sin
v1 rms 2
2 2 2 2
2
Inverter Switching, Dr. M. Ashari-T.Elektro ITS
(2) Single Pulse PWM
The rms output can be
varied depending on the 2 3
1 2 2
Vdc dt (Vdc ) dt
2 2
pulse width () Vo rms
2 3
2 2 2
SINGLE PULSE PWM
Vdc
2.5
THD
1
2 0.8
1.5 0.6
2
1 0.4
Vo rms
0.5 0.2 THD 1
0 0
V1 rms
0.3
0.7
0.9
1
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
p
Vdc
2p 2 2p 2
Inverter Switching, Dr. M. Ashari-T.Elektro ITS
(3) Multiple Pulse PWM
vo B
n 1, 3, 5,...
n sin nt
p
2Vdc n
Bn sin sin n
m sin n m
m 1 n 2 2 2
Reference signal:
amplitudo Ao, frequency fo
Carrier signal: amplitudo
AC, frequency fC
Amplitudo Modulation ratio
(Modulation Index):
M = Ao / AC
Frequency Modulation
ratio:
M f = f C / fo
C o m p a ra to r
THD = 142.6%
THD = 31.8%
C o m p a ra to r
+ v g1
-
N ot
v g2
+ v g3
-
N ot
v g4
THD = 71.6%
THD=8.5%