UT D

CS6V81
Personal Communications Systems

Lecture 7
Third Generation (3G) Systems
4

Information Technologies
Convergence
Mobility

Telecom Infocom
Industry Internet Industry
PC-LAN
PC
Desk-top computing

Computer Industry
Mainframes
Electronic
publishing and
entertainment
Media Industry

Multimedia data communications are the driving

2
force for IT convergence

1
 Wireless Subscribers Worldwide
(in millions)
1800

1600

1400 Rest of World

Asia Pacific
1200
North America
1000 European Union
800

600

400

200
Source: UMTS Forum

0
1995 2000 2005 2010 Year
3

Wireless Data Service Usage

Worldwide

2
 Data support in 2G systems

BSC PSTN

MSC

BSC

IWF Packet
Or IP-Network

Limitations of 2G Systems
• Voice centric
– Designed mainly for telephony application
– Circuit-
Circuit-switched
– High BER (Bit Error Rate)
– Low data bit rate (< 14.4kbps)
• Two many standards globally
– GSM, NA-
NA-TDMA, CDMA, PDC, PHS etc…
etc….
• Isolated networks
– MAP based
– IS-
IS-41 based
– Difficult to roam between these networks
6

3
 Motivation for 3G
• 1.7B wireless subscribers by 2010 projected
– Exceed wireline access lines
• Increasing demand for high-
high-speed data services
from anywhere
– Exponential growth of Internet traffic
• Increasing interest in multimedia services for
wireless
• 2G systems do not work together (usually)
– Many standards
– Need to converge different regional and national 2G
systems
7

Wireless Networks Evolution

Present Future

• Narrowband • Wideband
• Voice • Multimedia
• Low data rate • High data rates
• Circuit-
Circuit-switched • Packet-
Packet-switched
• Multi-
Multi-standards • Harmonized
standards
• Hierarchical, isolated • Integrated Networks
networks

4
 Third Generation
History
• ITU started studies of 3G systems as Future Public
Land Mobile Telecommunications Systems
(FPLMTS)
• Changed to IMT-
IMT-2000 (International Mobile
Telecommunications for Year 2000) in 1997
• To evolve and converge 2nd generation systems to
support wireless multimedia
– Global commercial roll-
roll-outs planned for 2001-
2001-2003

Third Generation
Vision
• Common spectrum worldwide
– 1920-
1920-1980 MHz and 2110-
2110-2170 MHz
• Wide range of new services
– Data centric (e.g. Internet) and multimedia oriented
– Data bit rates up to 2 Mb/s
• Seamless global roaming
• Improved security and performance
• Support a variety of terminal (from PDA to desktop)
• Intensive use of Intelligent Network (IN) technology
10

5
 The 3G Environment

Global

Satellite
Suburban Urban
Micro-Cell In- Building
Home-Cell
Macro-Cell Pico-Cell

Multimedia
Terminals

Global Inter-Network Roaming

11
Seamless End-to-End Service

Multimedia
Data Rate Requirements
bps

Video
1M
Internet/
High
Intranet Quality
Access
100 k Video Medium
Quality
Image
Slow
Text Scan/
10 k Voice Pictures

P.O.S./
1k Telemetry,
SMS, E-mail

12

6
 Coverage and Data Rate
(bps) RLL 2-3 GHz (High Bit-rates)

W-LAN
(>5 GHz)
Flexibility

Variable Bit-rates & Packet (IP)
2M

Asymmetric Rates

384 K
Cordless Cellular/PCS++ IMT-2000

64 K Cellular/PCS+
10 K
Cellular/PCS MSS
Local Wide Area
13

3G Systems Data Capabilities

• Wideband “bit pipe” between communicating
parties
– Up to 384 kbps in wide areas
– Up to 2 Mbps in limited areas

• IP connectivity from end-to-end

– Data (& voice)
– Real-
Real-time & non real-
real-time
..

W ...
IP .

WW
IP ...

14

7
 Potential 3G Applications
• Interactive news delivery • Voice/CD–
Voice/CD–quality music
(voice, video, e-
e-mail, • Multimedia e-
e-mail
graphics)
(graphics, voice, video)
• Voice/High-
Voice/High-quality audio
• Video conferencing
• Still photography
• Web browser
• Video
– On-
On-line services
• Data transmission services
– Time schedules
• Internet gaming – Global Positioning
• Interactive audio Services/Geographical
• File transfer from intranet Information Systems

15

3G Spectrum Allocation
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
2010 MHz

ITU Allocations IMT 2000 IMT 2000

1885 MHz 2025 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHz

Europe UMTS
GSM 1800 DECT MSS
UMTS MSS

1880 MHz 1980 MHz 2170 MHz

1850 MHz WLL WLL

China GSM 1800 IMT 2000 MSS

IMT 2000 MSS

1885 MHz 1980 MHz

1885 MHz 1918 MHz

Japan MSS IMT 2000

PHS IMT 2000 MSS
Korea (w/o PHS)
1895 MHz 2160 MHz
PCS M
North AA D B E F C AA D B E F C
MSS Reserve D
S
America

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

16

8
 2G to 3G Evolution

17

Who’s Who in 2G to 3G
Evolution

18

9
 CDMA Data Evolution

Cdma2000
3xRTT

Advanced 3G services
1xRTT
up to 2 Mbps

Advanced multimedia
up to 384 kbps
IS-95B
ISDN to 64 kbps

19

CDMA
• CDMA is leading second generation air interface
systems in US and Korea
• cdma2000 1xRTT (Radio Transmission Technology)
– uses same carrier space as IS-
IS-95 cdmaOne (1.25MHz)
– pushed by Qualcomm
– data rates up to 307 kb/s
– 2.5G
• cdma2000 3xRTT
– competes directly with W-
W-CDMA
– Multi Carrier – uses three cdmaOne carrier spaces
– up to 2 Mbps
20

10
 GSM Data Evolution
Functionality
IMT-2000
WCDMA EDGE
GPRS
GSM+ 124-171K

HSCSD
<115K

GSM
IN

Circuit Data
<14.4K

SMS

Speech

Time
21

GPRS
General Packet Radio Services
• A data networking technology
– high speed mobile data (wireless Internet)
services (up to 170 kbps - in theory)
– using the GSM air interface
– co-
co-exists with 2G systems such as GSM and IS-
IS-
136
• A stepping stone towards 3G systems for GSM and
IS-
IS-136 networks (2.5G)

11
 GPRS Overview
GPRS provides mobile subscribers with ability to
connect to Public Data Networks such as IP (the
Internet) or X.25

IP

GPRS Network

X.25

GPRS Network Architecture

24

12
 GPRS
Enhanced BSC
The BSC is
enhanced by a
Packet Control Unit
(PCU)

BSC SGSN
GPRS Network

RAN

GPRS Network Architecture

Two New Elements
SGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node

BSC SGSN
GPRS

GGSN = Gateway GPRS Support Node

GPRS GGSN Internet

13
 Gateway GPRS Support Node
(GGSN)
• External interfaces
• ‘Traditional’ Gateway functionality
• Subscriber address publishing IP Network

• Routing

GGSN

X.25 Network

27

Serving GPRS Support Node

(SGSN)
• Encryption, Authentication, and IMEI check
• Mobility management
• Logical Link management toward the MS
• Billing Data
IP Network
• Packet routing and transfer (relay)

SGSN GGSN

X.25 Network

28

14
 Backbone Network
• Links GSN nodes
IP Network
• Standardized using IP

SGSN GGSN

X.25 Network
Backbone
(IP) Network

29

GPRS Network
Reference Model
PSTN
MSC/VLR

HLR

A Gs
Gr Gci

Gb Gi
Gn
BSC SGSN GGSN PDN

15
 GPRS Protocol Stacks
Application Application

IP/X.25 IP/X.25
Relay
SNDCP GTP
SNDCP SNDCP GTP

LLC LLC UDP/ UDP/

Relay TCP TCP
RLC BSSGP
RLC BSSGP IP IP

Network Network
MAC MAC L2 L2
service Service

Physical Physical L1bis L1bis L1 L1

MS Um BSS Gb SGNS Gn GGNS

31

Packet Routing in GPRS

32

16
 GPRS Internet Connection

33

UMTS Network Architecture

MAP Mobility Management
UTRAN SCP
SCP HLR
HLR IN
RNS
RNS MAP MAP
INAP/CAP
Uu
Iur
ISUP
NodeB
NodeB I RNS
RNS 3G MSC GMSC
GMSC
PSTN
ub

Iu U-MSC
GTP
3G SGSN GGSN
GGSN Internet
Radio Access Network
Core Network

3G Third Generation ISUP ISDN User Part

CAMEL Customized Applications for MAP Mobile Application Part
Mobile Networks Enhanced Logic MSC Mobile Switching Center
CAP CAMEL Application Part Node B Base Station
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node RNC Radio Network Controller
GTP GPRS Tunnel Protocol SCP Service Control Point
HLR Home Location Register SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
34
INAP Intelligent Network Application Part U-MSC UMTS Mobile Switching Centre

17
 UMTS Protocol Stacks
Application

E.g., IP, E.g., IP,

PPP, PPP,
OSP OSP
Relay Relay

PDCP PDCP GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U

RLC RLC UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP

MAC MAC AAL5 AAL5 L2 L2

L1 L1 ATM ATM L1 L1
Uu Iu-PS Gn Gi
MS UTRAN 3G-SGSN 3G-GGSN

35

UMTS
Market Introduction Plan
• 2000-
2000-2001 System Development Phase 1
• 2002 Commercial Use Phase 1 (Basic Services)
– High bit rate bearer services up to 2 Mbps
– Negotiated traffic and QoS characteristics
– Bursty and asymmetric traffic
– Integrated or stand-
stand-alone 3G MSC & 3G SGSN
– Multi-
Multi-vendor environment
• Being delayed in Europe and in North America
• Asia (Japan and Korea) is leading the world in this front
• Japan‘
Japan‘s WCDMA and Korea‘
Korea‘s cdma2000 networks are
deployed since Oct 2001

36

18
 UMTS Evolution
WCDMA UTRAN Circuit side
MSC/VLR GMSC PSTN/ISDN
BS
BS Iub RNC
BS (optional) HLR SCP
BS RNCIur
3G-SGSN GGSN Internet
WCDMA Iu
Packet side (GPRS)
Mobile
UMTS Release 1999
WCDMA/VoIP WCDMA UTRAN NEW !
Mobile CS Core NEW !
BS Iub RNC
BS MSC/VLR GMSC
BS Iur
RNC IP Multimedia Core
BS
SCP
HLR SGW
(optional) SGW
BS Abis BSC CSCF
CSCF PSTN/
BS IP transport ISDN
BS option for SS7 MGCF
BSC MGCF MGW
BS MGW
EDGE (GSM) BSS
Iu 3G-SGSN GGSN
EDGE/VoIP Enhanced PS Core Internet
Mobile NEW !
UMTS Release 4/5 37

R5 System Level Architecture

Application
servers
Service
SCP capability
HSS CAP OSA servers
Gr+ WIN
MAP+
Iu-
Iu-PS

3G RAN SGSN
GGSN IPv6 TSGW PSTN
ISUP
RAS
All-
All-IP Core MGW

RSGW
Legacy
WLAN, DSL, Cellular
cable... MAP
SIP IS-
IS-41
FW
H.248
CSCF
MGCF
MRF
Internet

CSCF Call State Control Function MRF Multimedia Resource Function

HSS Home Subscriber Server RAS Remote Access Server (DSLAM, head end…)
MGCF Media Gateway Control Function RSGW Roaming Signaling Gateway
MGW Media Gateway TSGW Transport Signaling Gate 38

19
 UMTS Domain Definitions

39

Layered Approach for Control

Service Layer
OSA, VHE,
SCP
etc.

Application Layer
Legacy Mobile CSCF
Signaling RSGW
Networks
CSCF
External IP
MGCF Networks
HSS

MRF
TSGW

3G-
3G-
Transport 3G-
3G- MGW
GGSN PSTN/
SGSN
Layer External CS
Networks
RAS
3G RAN WLAN, DSL, Cable, etc.
40

20
 New Function: QoS
Different channel types
(dedicated/common)
RNC
3G-SGSN
Node B
Iu

AAL2 PS Domain
Gn
connections DiffServ. Inter-PLMN 3G-GGSN
on transport Backbone
level IP Network Gn

Data Network
IP
External QoS (Internet) Firewall
mechanisms
QoS infrastructure in R4
End-
End-to-
to-End QoS is required in R5 41

Wireless Internet Application

Protocols
• Wireless systems have various constraints
– Small terminal display
– High bit error rate
• High-level protocols for Internet Access
specifically for wireless systems are
required
• WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)
• iMode
42

21
 WAP Characteristics

• Uses WML as page description language

– Wireless Markup Language
– Divides content into “cards”
cards” equal to one telephone
screen
• Simplified but incompatible form of HTML
• Requests and responses are encoded/decoded
before transmission over RF channels

43

WAP Operation
Internet Web Content
Server

Non Mobile
Internet User

WAP Gateway
Mobile
Terminal

Mobile Database
Network Server

WAP simulator
SOURCE: DANET

44

22
WWW Programming Model

45

WAP Programming Model

46

23
 iMode
• A service of NTT DoCoMo in Japan
– ドコモ means “anywhere”
anywhere”
– More than 18 Millions user (Jan 2001), 50,000 new user
every day
• Japan is the wireless Internet leader thank to iMode

SOURCE: EUROTECHNOLOGY JAPAN K.K.

47

iMode
Characteristics
• Use packet data on radio transport
– Currently slow - 9.6 Kbps
– 3G will raise to 384 K
• Uses cHTML (compact HTML)
– same rendering model as HTML
– no tables or frames
– low memory footprint
• Services:
– telephony, SMS, email, location tracking
– Internet browsing for banking and ticketing
– Gaming
• More information on I-
I-Mode:
http://www.privateline.com/imode/imode.htm
http://www.privateline.com/imode/imode.htm
48

24
 iMode
Operation

iMode
INFO Servers
PROVIDER HTTP
PACKET DATA
BILLING DoCoMo
DB
INTERNET Packet
Network
IP USER
(PDC-
DB (PDC-P)

IP

49

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