Giao th c SMTP Do Jon Postel thu c Tr s d ng ng i h c Nam California pht tri n vo thng 8 n m 1982 c

truy n th tn i n t m t cch tin c y vhi u qu . Ch y trn t ng TCP/IP vs d ng i mail s d ng TCP/IP ng mail t i c th c hi n qua MTA (Message a ch ch theo ng yu c u MTA xc nh n i c n g i t i SMTP cvai

c ng 25 Mo hinh Vi c trao

Transfer Agent) MTA ch u trch nhi m h

s d ng b n ghi MX (Mail Exchange) t my ch DNS trg n k t gi a cc MTA M hnh ho t o ng c a SMTP

Sender-SMTP thi t l p m t knh truy n t i 2 chi u t i m t Receiver-SMTP. Receiver-SMTP ho c l o Cc l nh SMTP o Receiver-SMTP tr l i cc l nh g i t Sender-SMTP Th t c truy n trong SMTP Th t c truy n t i SMTP c3 b c: B c 1: S d ng l nh MAIL nh danh thng tin ng nh danh ng i nh n. B i g i. B c 2: c sinh ra b i Sender-SMTP v g i t i Receiver-SMTP. ch ho c l i m t m th i.

S d ng m t ho c nhi u l nh RCPT DATA xc

c 3: S d ng l nh

nh d li u th . Cc l nh trn ccphp nh sau: MAIL <SP> FROM:<reversei g i

path> <CRLF>RCPT <SP> TO:<forward-path> <CRLF>DATA <CRLF>Vd ng hongdq g i th t i my fis-kma.edu t i ng

i dng thaith, toannq vkhoanc trn my fit-

kma.edu nh sau:S: MAIL FROM:<hongdq@fis-kma.edu>R: 250 OK S: RCPT TO:<thaith@fitkma.edu>R: 250 OK S: RCPT TO:<khoanc@fit-kma.edu>R: 550 No such user hereS: RCPT TO:<toannq@fit-kma.edu>R: 250 OK S: DATAR: 354 Start mail input; end with <CRLF>.<CRLF>S: Blah blah blah...S: ...etc. etc. etc.S: <CRLF>.<CRLF>R: 250 OK Th t c g i th : Forward-path lthng tin ch n a ch ch t i c a th Trong m t s tr ng h p th

thng tin ch trong <forward-path> b sai, Receiver-SMTP s nh n bi t ch ng khi <forwardpath> ng.

Khi s x y ra m t trong 2 l nh p l i d v i ch

i y

c s d ng

cho php ng

i g i lin l c

c cho l ng.- 251 User not local; will forward to <forward-path>Ho c- 551 User

not local; please try <forward-path> o Cc l nh SMTP c b n HELO HELO <SP> domain> <CRLF> <domain> th MAIL MAIL <SP> FROM:<reverse- path> CRLF> Kh i t o phin giao d ch mail t i m t ho c nhi u mailbox v RCPT RCPT <SP> TO:<forward- path> <CRLF> tham s forward, n u nhi u ng DATA DATA <CRLF>Cc dng sau l nh ny s l d li u th . RSET RSET <CRLF>Ch ra phin giao d ch th hi n t i s b lo i b . SEND SEND <SP> FROM:<reverse- path> CRLF> Kh i t o phin giao d ch d li u th phn ph i t i m t ho c nhi u terminal. Tham s reverse-path SOML SOML <SP> FROM:<reverse- path> <CRLF> Kh i t o phin giao d ch d li u mail phn ph i t i m t ho c nhi u terminal ho c nhi u mailbox. Tham s reverse-path nh danh ng i g i. nh danh ng i g i. nh danh m t ng i nh n d li u mail thng qua ng th i nh danh ng i g i b ng tham s reverse-path ng ltn my. nh danh Sender-SMTP i v i Receiver-SMTP, tham s

i nh n th s d ng nhi u dng l nh. -

SAML SAML <SP> FROM:<reverse- path> <CRLF> Kh i t o phin giao d ch d li u mail phn ph i t i m t ho c nhi u terminal vnhi u mailbox. Tham s reverse-path VRFY VRFY <SP> <string> <CRLF>Yu c u ng EXPN EXPN <SP> <string> <CRLF>Yu c u xc nh n tham s HELP HELP [<SP> <string>] <CRLF>Ng NOOP NOOP <CRLF>Nh n nh n tr l i OK. QUIT QUIT <CRLF>L nh ny yu c u ng d ch.TURN TURN <CRLF>L nh ny yu c u ng i nh n ho c l ph i g i tn hi u OK vsau ng vai tr i nh n g i tn hi u tr l i OK, sau ng phin giao c l nh ny t pha ng i g i, t c lkhng th c hi n gkhc, th ng i i nh n g i thng tin tr gip t i ng i g i. nh danh m t danh sch th . i nh n mail xc nh n m t ng i s d ng. nh danh ng i g i. -

lSender-SMTP, ho c l ph i g i tn hi u t ch i vtr v ng vai trReceiver-SMTP. Giao th c POP3 Giao th c POP3 my ch c s d ng truy nh p v l y cc thng i p th i n t t mailbox trn

th tn POP3

c thi t k h tr x lmail trong ch

Offline Cc thng bo mail

c chuy n t i my ch th tn vm t ch

ng trnh th client trn m t my tr m s d ng POP3

k t n i t i my ch th tn vt i t t c cc thng bo mail t i my tr m Nguyn t t ho t ng vcc l nh c a giao th c POP3 - Ho t y: - M t POP3 Server c thi t l p ch ng c a giao th c POP3 i c th hi n hnh d i

c ng 110. Khi POP3 client mu n s d ng c c

d ch v POP3, nthi t l p m t k t n i TCP t i my server c ng 110. Khi k t n i TCP thi t l p, POP3 server s g i m t l i cho t i client. Phin lm vi c gi a client v server

thi t l p. Sau client g i cc l nh t i server vserver p l i (response) cc l nh t i t n khi ng k t n i ho c k t n i b hu b cc giao th c nh n th M t phin POP3 c3 tr ng thi l: AUTHORIZATION, TRANSACTION vUPDATE - Tr ng thi AUTHORIZATION: Trong tr ng thi ny server s xc th c client. Khi server xc th c client thnh cng th phin vo tr ng thi TRANSACTION. - Tr ng thi TRANSACTION: Trong tr ng thi ny, client c th truy nh p t i mailbox c a mnh trn server ki m tra, nh n th ...

- Tr ng thi UPDATE: Khi client g i l nh QUIT t i server t tr ng thi TRANSACTION, th phin vo tr ng thi UPDATE, trong tr ng thi ny server g i goodbye t i client v ng k t n i TCP, k t thc phin lm vi c Giao th c IMAP IMAP l m t giao th c cho php client truy nh p email trn m t server, khng ch t i thng i p th xo, i n t v my c a ng i s d ng (POP) mcth th c hi n cc cng vi c nh : t o, s a, c thi t

i tn mailbox, ki m tra thng i p m i, thi t l p vxoc tr ng thi,... IMAP ng ng i dng cth

k trong mi tr

ng nh p vo server (c ng 143/tcp) t cc my tr m khc ng thch y v i cc chu n thng i p

nhau S d ng IMAP v i cc m c ch sau: - T

Internet (v d MIME). - Cho php truy nh p vqu n lthng i p t nhi u my tnh khc nhau. H tr c 3 ch truy nh p: online, offline, v disconnected. - H tr truy nh p ng th i t i cc

mailbox dng chung. - Ph n m m bn client khng c n thi t ph i bi t ki u l u tr file c a server. Ho t ng c a IMAP - K t n i IMAP bao g m: k t n i m ng cho client/server, kh i t o trn ng tc client/server ti p theo - Nh ng t ng tc

server hay g i l "hello message", vnh ng t

ny bao g m: l nh t client, d li u trn server, vtr l i trn server. T

ng tc gi a IMAP client

v IMAP server th c hi n d a vo cc giao th c g i/nh n c a client/server Giao th c g i c a client v nh n c a server - Khi ho t ng, bn client g i m t l nh, m i l nh c m t c g i lm t th . M i th ny nh danh c sinh

(s p x p theo alphabel, vd : A00001, A00002)

t pha client cho t ng l nh khc nhau- N u server nh n ra m t l i dng l nh, thng i thng tin tr l i l BAD hu b l nh v ch ng vi c g i thm l nh t pha client - Server cth g i m t

thng tin tr l i cho nhi u l nh khc nhau cng m t th i i m (trong tr ho c d li u khng gn th Trong tr

ng h p g i nhi u l nh),

ng h p khc khi yu c u ti p t c g i l nh ang ch , c thng tin tr l i khc t server c khi kh i

thclient th c hi n theo thng tin tr l i l nh t pha server v n. Trong t t c cc tr

ng h p, th client ph i g i cc thng tin hon thnh l nh tr

t o l nh m i. Giao th c nh n bn server

c dng l nh t pha client g i sang, phn tch l nh

vcc tham s , sau truy n t i d li u trn server v thng tin hon thnh l nh sang client. Giao th c g i c a server vnh n c a client D li u truy n t i sang client c thng tin tr ng thi thng bo ch a k t thc l nh ( t tr server cth c l d u "*", c g i lkhng gn th ). D li u trn c g i t pha server mkhng c n

c g i theo l nh t pha client, ho c cth

theo l nh t pha client Thng tin hon thnh l nh t pha server s d ng m t trong 3 chu i sau: OK thng bo l nh th c hi n thnh cng, NO d ng giao th c (l nh khng thng bo l nh th c hi n l i, vBAD c cng nh n, ho c cphp l nh sai).

thng bo b l i khi s

SO SNH POP3 VIMAP c i m chung v cc cng ngh POP vIMAP H tr ch c kch ho t). Mail offline. Mail c phn ph i t i

m t Mail server chia s (lun

n cth nh n t m t my client c

nhi u ki u platform khc nhau. Mail th c r t rrng vchu n theo cc RFC

n cth nh n t b t c n i no trong m ng. Cc giao c cng b trn m ng. S d ng hi u qu trn nhi u

ph n m m mi n ph(c c source) Cho cc client trn my PC, Mac, vUnix.

S d ng hi u qu trn nhi u ph n m m th nh p; c 2 u ckh n ng nh n cc mail

ng m i. Cc giao th c ch gi i quy t v n c g i d a trn giao th c SMTP.

truy

u i m c a POP Giao th c n gi n h n vd th c hi n h n. Cnhi u ph n m m client s d ng h n.

u i m c a IMAP Cth thao tc cc c tr ng thi thng i p trn server. Cth l u tr cc thng i p t ng

t nh khi l y chng. Cth truy nh p v qu n lnhi u mailbox. H tr c p nh t vtruy nh p ng th i t i cc mailbox chia s . Cth truy nh p d li u khng ph i l mail: NetNews,

documents,... C ng c th s d ng l

offline

t i thi u th i gian k t n i vkhng gian

a. c

Cc ph n giao th c qu n l c u hnh ng bi t cho cc k t n i t c th p.

i s d ng. Xy d ng t i u kh n ng "online",