WAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 SALT

CHAPTER 8:

CHAPTER 8 : SALTS
A. SYNTHESISING SALTS
Learning Outcomes You should be able to: state examples of salts used in daily life, explain the meaning of salt identify soluble and insoluble salts, describe the preparation of soluble salts, describe the purification of soluble salts by recrystallisation, list physical characteristics of crystals, describe the preparation of insoluble salts, write chemical and ionic equations for reactions used in the preparation of salts, design an activity to prepare a specified salt, construct ionic equations through the continuous variation method solve problems involving calculation of quantities of reactants or products in stoichiometric reactions

Activity 1 : Meaning and uses of Salts 1. A salt is an .. formed when the .. ion, from an is replaced by a . ion or an ..ion.

2. Example of salts : Complete the table below

Acid Formula of acid Salt Sodium chloride Potassium carbonate Copper(II) sulphate Ammonium nitrate Magnesium nitrate Sodium ethanoate 3. Match the following salts with their uses. Salts Barium sulphate BaSO4 Calsium sulphate CaSO4 Iron sulphate FeSO4 Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 Copper(II) sulphate CuSO4 Sodium chloride NaCl Sodium hydrogen carbonate Sodium nitrite NaNO2 Sodium hypochlorite NaOCl Tin(II) fluoride SnF2 Uses Fungicide Bleaching agent Paint for yellow line on road X-ray meals in hospital Nitrogenous fertilizer Toothpaste Iron tablets, for anaemia patient Baking powder Preserve food A flavouring Formula NaCl K2CO3 CuSO4 NH4NO3 Mg(NO3)2 CH3COONa Cation Na+ Anion Cl-

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Lead(II) chromate PbCrO4

Plaster of Paris for broken bone

Activity 2 : Identify soluble and insoluble salt.

Ba2+ SO4 2Ca2+ Pb2+ Pb2+ Ag+ Hg+ Cl-

NO3 Water Na+

K+ NH4+ CO3 2-

Fill in the blanks with the correct word(s) 1. All . , ., and . salts are soluble in water. 2. All . salts are soluble in water.

3. All sulphate salts are soluble in water except .. sulphate, . sulphate and
sulphate.

4. All chloride salts are soluble in water except .. chloride , . chloride and
chloride.

5. All carbonate salts are insoluble in water except .. carbonate, .

carbonate and carbonate 6. State whether each of the following salt is soluble or insoluble in water
No Formula of Salt Solubility ( , X ) No Formula of Salt Solubility ( , X )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

PbCO3 NaCl CaSO4 AgNO3 K2CO3 FeCl3 Na2SO4 NH4NO3 CuSO4 PbCl2 ZnCO3 Ca(NO3)2 Na2CO3 AgCl PbSO4 Pb(NO3)2 (NH4)2CO3 HgCl2 Na2SO4 NaNO3
2

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

MgCO3 KCl (NH4)2SO4 Cu(NO3)2 SnCO3 CaCl2 BaSO4 KNO3 Ag2CO3 MgCl2 ZnSO4 Ba(NO3)2 FeCO3 NH4Cl Fe(NO3)3 MgSO4 BaCO3 ZnCl2 FeSO4 Mg(NO3)2

Ba2+ 2+ CaPb2+ Pb2+ + Ag Hg2+

Na+ K+ NO3 - + NH WaterAi 4

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Activity 3 : Write chemical and ionic equations for reactions used in the preparation of soluble salts 1. Complete these general equation for preparing soluble salts. a. metal + acid + . b. metal oxide (or metal hydroxide) + acid + c. alkali + acid + . d. metal carbonate + acid + + . 2. Using the general equations in question 1, complete the following chemical equation. It may also be necessary to balance the equation. a. Mg + H2SO4 + . b. (i) CuO + HCl + (ii) Zn(OH)2 + HNO3 ................................... + ......................... c. NaOH + HCl .. + . d. MgCO3 + H2SO4 + + .

3. Deduce the identity of the acid, metal, salt, or other product by filling in the missing details in
this table of preparation of soluble salt Method of Preparation a) metal + acid b) metal oxide + acid Reactants Magnesium + Copper(II) oxide + sulphuric acid + Salt Formed Magnesium chloride Other Product Hydrogen .

c) metal carbonate + acid

Zinc sulphate

Water + . ..

d) metal hydroxide + acid e) alkali + acid

Potassium nitrate

+
3

Sodium chloride

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4. Name the reactants which are needed to prepare the following soluble salts:

(a) Copper(II) sulphate (b) Zinc chloride (c) Potassium nitrate

: .. : . : ..

(d) Ammonium sulphate : .. (e) Magnesium nitrate

: ..

5. Rewrite each of the following chemical equation as ionic equation. Shown below is an example where a chemical equation can be simplified into an ionic equation. Example : Chemical equation : Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g) Zn
(s)

+ 2H+ + SO42- Zn2+

(aq) (aq) (aq)

+ SO42(aq)

H2
(g)

Ionic equation :

Zn(s) + 2H+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + H2(g)

a. Chemical equation : Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2 (g) Ionic equation : ......................................................................................................................... b. Chemical equation : MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2O (l) Ionic equation : ........................................................................................................................ c. Chemical equation : NaOH (aq) + HNO3 (aq) NaNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) Ionic equation : ....................................................................................................................... d. Chemical equation : CuCO3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) Ionic equation : .......................................................................................................................

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Activity 4 : Write out the procedure for the preparation of soluble salts of sodium, potassium and ammonium Soluble salt Name two chemical substances to prepare the salt Chemical equation Procedure: (Diagram) Description Sodium Chloride, NaCl 1. .... 2.

Describe the physical characteristics of the crystals that you obtained

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Activity 5 : Write out the procedure for the preparation of soluble salts (not sodium, potassium or ammonium salt) Soluble salt Copper(II) sulphate, CuSO4 Name two chemical substances to prepare 1. .... the salt 2. Chemical equation Procedure: (Diagram) Description

Describe the purification process of the crystals

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Activity 6 : Write chemical and ionic equations for reactions used in the preparation of insoluble salts 1. Insoluble salts can be prepared by .. method through .. reaction. In this reaction, two different aqueous solution mutually exchange their .. to form . Soluble salt solution containing cation M+ Chemical equation : AgNO3 (aq)
Ionic equation :

Soluble salt solution containing anion X+ NaCl (aq) Cl- (aq)

Insoluble salt MX AgCl (s) + NaNO3(aq) AgCl (s)

Ag+ (aq)

2. Preparation of insoluble salts Example 1: Barium sulphate, BaSO

Solution 1: ... Solution 2: .. Chemical equation : .... Ionic Equation : . Observation : White precipitate formed Example 2: Copper(II) carbonate, CuCO3 Solution 1: .. Solution 2: .

Chemical equation : . Ionic Equation : . Observation : .. precipitate formed Example 3: Lead(II) chromate(VI), PbCrO
4

Solution 1: ..

Solution 2: .

Chemical equation : . Ionic Equation : .. Observation : .. precipitate formed

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Activity 7 : Describe the preparation of insoluble salts Insoluble salt Name two chemical substances to prepare the salt Lead(II) iodide, PbI2 1. .... 2.

Chemical equation Ionic equation Procedure: (Diagram) Description

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CHAPTER 8:

Activity 8 : Construct ionic equation for the formation of lead(II) chromate through the continuous variation method,
Test tube 2 2.cm3 of potassium chromate (VI), test tube 33 cm3 varying the volumes of potassium chromate (VI)

Fixed the volumes of lead (II) nitrate at 5.0 cm3.

Figure 1 Figure 1 shows seven test tubes for the reaction between lead(II) nitrate Pb(NO3)2 0.5 mol dm-3 and potassium chromate(VI) K2CrO4 0.5 mol dm-3.
(a) (i) Using a ruler, measure the height of lead(II) chromate(VI) precipitate formed.

Record the measurements in Table 1. (ii) Calculate the number of moles of lead(II) nitrate solution Pb(NO3)2 and potassium chromate(VI) solution,K2CrO4 used in test tubes 1-7. Write your answers in Table 1.

Test Tube
Volume of Pb(NO3)2 /cm3 No. of mole of Pb(NO3)2 Volume of K2CrO4 /cm3 No. of mole of K2CrO4 Height of precipitate / cm Colour of solution above precipitate

1 5.0

2 5.0

3 5.0

4 5.0

5 5.0

6 5.0

7 5.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Table 1

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(b) Based on Table 1, draw a graph of the height of the precipitate against volume of lead (II)

nitrate solution on the graph paper.

(c) On the graph that you have drawn in (b), (i) mark and write the minimum volume of potassium chromate(VI) solution needed for complete reaction with 5.0 cm3 of lead(II) nitrate solution 0.5 mol dm-3. (ii) Calculate the number of moles of chromate(VI) ions that has reacted with 1 mole of Pb2+. ions.

(iii) Write the formula of lead(II) chromate. (iv) Write the ionic equation for the formation of lead(II) chromate(VI). (d) What can you observe about the height of the precipitate in Figure 1?
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.. (e) What is your inference based on your answer in (d)? . . .. Activity 9 : Solve problems involving calculation of quantities of reactants or products in stoichiometric reactions Example 1 : A student prepares copper (II) nitrate by reacting copper (II) oxide with 100 cm3 1.5 mol dm-3 nitric acid. Calculate the mass of copper (II) oxide needed to react completely with the acid. [Relative atomic mass: Cu, 64 ; O, 16] Solution : Chemical equation : CuO + 2HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O Mole ratio : 1 mole 2 mole 1 mole 1 mole Number of moles of HNO3 = 1.5 x 100 = 0.15 mol 1000 Mole ratio of CuO : HNO3 = 1 : 2 Number of mole of CuO = 1 x 0.15 = 0.075 mole

2
Mass of CuO = 0.075 x (64 + 16) = 6 g Question : 1 Excess zinc powder is added to react completely with 50 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm 3 hydrochloric acid. (a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. (b) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used.

(c) Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas liberated at room conditions. [Molar volume: 24 dm 3 mol 1 ]

Excess of magnesium carbonate powder, MgCO3, is reacted with 100 cm3 of a 1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid H2SO4 , What is the mass of magnesium sulphate formed? [Relative atomic mass : Mg =24, O=16, S = 32 ]

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WAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 CHAPTER 8: SALT 3. 0.12 g of magnesium reacts with excess hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. Given

that the relative molecular mass of H=1, Mg = 24, CI =35.5 and 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure. Fnd the (a) mass of salt formed (b) volume of gas produced

Example 2 : A sample of insoluble lead (II) sulphate is prepared by mixing 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead (II) nitrate solution and y cm 3 of 1.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid. [Relative atomic mass: O, 16 ; S, 32 ; Pb, 207] (a) Calculate the volume, y, of the sulphuric acid needed to react completely with the lead (II) nitrate solution. Solution : Chemical equation : Pb(NO3)2 + H2SO4 PbSO4 + 2 HNO3 Mole ratio : 1 mole 1 mole 1 mole 2 mole Number of moles of Pb(NO3)2 = 1.0 x 50 = 0.05 mol 1000 Mole ratio of Pb(NO3)2 : H2SO4 = 1 : 1

Number of mole of H2SO4 reacted = 0.05 mol 1.5 x y = 0.05 mole 1000 y = 0.05 x 1000 = 33.33 cm3 1.5
(b) Calculate the mass of lead (II) sulphate obtained. Solution : Number of mole of PbSO4 = Number of moles of Pb(NO3)2 = 0.05 mol Mass of PbSO4 = 0.05 x (207 + 32 + 4 x 16) g = 15.15 g

Question 4. A sample of insoluble silver chloride is prepared by mixing 50 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution and z cm 3 of 0.5 mol dm 3 sodium chloride solution. [Relative atomic mass: Ag 108; Cl 35.5] (a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chloride.

(b) Calculate the volume, z, of the sodium chloride needed to react completely with the silver nitrate solution.

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(c) Calculate the mass of silver chloride obtained.

B. SYNTHESISING QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SALTS

Learning Outcomes
You should be able to:

state the meaning of qualitative analysis, make inferences on salts based on their colour and solubility in water, describe tests for the identification of gases, describe the action of heat on salts, describe the tests for anions, state observation of reaction of cations with sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia solution, describe confirmatory tests for Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+ and NH4+,

Activity 10 : Qualitative Analysis

1. Qualtitative analysis of a salt is a chemical technique used to identify the .. that are
present in a salt by analysing its . and . properties.

2. Make inferences on the following substances based on their colour: (use formula of substance
when writing your answer. Make it is correct!) Colour (solid or solution) Green powder Blue powder Brown powder Black powder Yellow powder when hot and white when cold Brown powder when hot and yellow when cold Blue solution Pale green solution Brown solution Solid : White Solution : colourless Solid : White Solution : colourless 3. Complete the following table Salts Solubility in water
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Substance or cation or anion Salt: Cation Cation: Cation: Two metal oxides:

Cation: Cation: Cation: 6 cations : 4 anions :

Colour

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Insoluble Copper(II) carbonate Iron(II) sulphate Soluble Lead(II) sulphate Magnesium carbonate Zinc chloride Ammonium carbonate Insoluble Activity 11 : Confirmatory Tests for gases,

white Brown

Yellow

Tests For Gases

Complete the observation for the confirmatory test for gases

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Gas Carbon dioxide

Method Bubble the gas produced into lime water

Heating Carbonate salts

Diagram

Observation

Oxygen

Insert a glowing splinter into the test tube

Nitrogen dioxide

Observe the colour of gas produced. Bring a piece of moist blue litmus paper to the mouth of the test tube

Chlorine

Observe the colour of the gas. Bring a piece of moist blue litmus paper to the mouth of the test tube

Ammonia

Dip a glass rod into concentrated hydrochloric acid and bring a drop of acid to the mouth of the test tube /place moist red litmus paper at the mouth of the test tube Bring a lighted splinter to the mouth of the test tube.
Mg + HCl release hydrogen gas

Hydrogen

Hydrogen chloride

Dip a glass rod into concentrated ammonia solution and bring a drop of ammonia to the mouth of test tube

Activity 12 : Action of Heat On Carbonate Salts Carbonate salts (except Na+ & K+ ) decompose on heating giving off carbon dioxide gas and residue metal oxide
Metal oxideColourCopper (II) oxideBlackZinc oxideHot: yellow ; Cold: WhiteLead (II) oxideHot: brown ; Cold: YellowIron(III) oxideBrown

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WAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 SALT Lime water turn chalky

CHAPTER 8:

Activity : Complete the chemical equation and observation for the action of heat on carbonate salt Carbonate salt Action of heat Potassium carbonate K2CO3 , Not decompose by heat Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 Metal Carbonate metal oxide + carbon dioxide Calcium carbonate CaCO3 CaO + CO2 Observation : White solid formed. Gas liberated turn lime water chalky Magnesium carbonate MgCO3 .. .. + . Observation : . . Aluminium carbonate Al2(CO3)3 .. .. + . Observation : . . Zinc carbonate ZnCO3 .. .. + . Observation : . . Lead(II) carbonate PbCO3 .. .. + . Observation : . . Copper(II) carbonate CuCO3 .. .. + . Observation : . .

Activity 13 : Action of Heat On Nitrate Salts Nitrates Salts - Decompose on heating liberate nitrogen dioxide gas and oxygen gas except NaNO3 and KNO3 which liberate oxygen gas only
Brown gas turn moist blue litmus to red (NO2) Colourless gas relighted glowing splinter (O2 )

Heat

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Heat

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Activity: Complete the chemical equation and observation for the action of heat on nitrate salt Nitrate salts Action by Heat Metal Nitrate metal nitrite + oxygen Potassium nitrate 2KNO3 2 KNO2 + O2 Observation : white solid formed, gas released relighted glowing splinter Sodium nitrate 2NaNO3 .. .. + . Observation : .. . Metal Nitrate metal oxide + nitrogen dioxide + oxygen Calcium nitrate 2Ca(NO3)2 2CaO + 4NO2 + O2 Observation : white solid formed, Brown gas which turns moist blue litmus red released. Another gas released relighted glowing splinter Magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2 .. .. + . + Observation : .. . Zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2 .. .. + . + Observation : .. . Lead(II) nitrate Pb(NO3)2 .. .. + . + Observation : .. . Copper(II) nitrate Cu(NO3)2 .. .. + . + Observation : .. .

Activity 14 : Confirmatory Tests for Anions,

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1. Write the ionic equation for the following reactions.

CO3 2- + Dilute acid Anions Cl+ HNO3 + AgNO3

Effervescence CO2 Lime water turns milky Ionic equation : White precipitate Ionic equation : White precipitate Ionic equation : Brown ring

SO4 2- + HCl + BaCl2 NO3 -

+ dilute H2SO4 + FeSO4 + concentrated H2SO4

2. Which anion produce the following observations? a) Add BaCl2 solution

+ HCl acid

b) + HNO3 acid

Add AgNO3 solution

Inference :

Inference :

White precipitate formed

White precipitate formed

Salt K1

Salt K2

c)
Add FeSO4 solution + concentrated sulphuric acid

d)
Add sulphuric acid

Brown ring formed

Inference :

Effervescence, Gas bubbles, Gas turn lime water chalky

Inference :

Salt K3

Salt K4

Activity 15: Reaction of Cations with alkali solution

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CHAPTER 8:

1. Positive ions are identified by their reactions with

a. sodium hydroxide NaOH solution b. Ammonia solution NH3 2. In these reactions, the cations (positive metal ions) produce different coloured precipitate which may or may not be soluble in excess alkali

5 drops of alkali (NaOH or NH3)

Look for precipitate Q1

Solution of cations

See if Precipitate dissolves

State whether each of the following precipitate is soluble or insoluble in excess alkali. NaOH solution A little In excess Soluble ( , X) Ammonia Solution NH3 A little In excess Soluble ( , X ) No change White precipitate White precipitate White precipitate White precipitate Blue precipitate Green precipitate Brown precipitate

Ca2+ Zn2+ Al 3+ Pb 2+ Mg2+ Cu 2+ Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Q2 a)

No white precipitate formed , when heated Alkali gas released (ammonia) released

White precipitate White precipitate White precipitate White precipitate White precipitate Blue precipitate Green precipitate Brown precipitate

Which anion produces the following observations?

Add 5 drops of NaOH solution Add excess NaOH solution

Inference 2 :
White precipitate Dissolves in excess NaOH solution alkali

White precipitate formed

Inference 1
White precipitate does not dissolve in excess NaOH solution

Inference 3:

Salt K5
b)
Add 5 drops of NH3 solution

Add NH3 solution in excess

Inference5 :
No White precipitate formed White precipitate formed White precipitate Dissolve in excess NH3 solution White precipitate does not dissolve in excess NH3 solution

Inference 4 Salt K6

Inference 6:

Activity 16 : Confirmatory Tests for Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+ and NH4+

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WAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 SALT

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(A) The table shows how confirmatory tests are conducted for ammonium ion, NH4+ , Iron(II) ion, Fe2+ , Iron(III) ion, Fe3+ , and lead(II) ion, Pb2+ . Complete the confirmatory tests and observation. Cation Name of Reagent Add a few drops of to the test tube containing 2 cm3 of lead(II) nitrate solution ( P 2+ ions) b Add 2 cm3 of distilled water and boil the mixture. Cool the contents using running water from the tap. Add a few drops of Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution to the test tube containing 2 cm3 of iron(II) sulphate solution ( F 2+ ions) e Add a few drops of potassium thiocyanate solution to the test tube containing 2 cm3 of iron(III) sulphate solution ( F 3+ ions) e Add a few drops of to the test tube containing 2 cm3 of + ammonium chloride solution ( NH 4 ions) Observation precipitate is formed which ..in the hot water and is on cooling

P b

2+

Fe2+

.. precipitate is formed

F e

3+

.. solution is formed

NH 4

.. precipitate is formed

The diagram below shows the flow chart for the chemical test of Fe2+ ions and Fe3+ ions.

Test I
Solution contains Fe2+ ions or Fe3+ ions.

Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) K4Fe(CN)6

Light blue precipitate Dark blue precipitate

Fe2+ ions

Fe3+ ions

Test II
Solution contains Fe2+ ions or Fe3+ ions.

Potassium thiocyanate KSCN

No change

Fe2+ ions

Blood red solution

Fe3+ ions

Based on the flow chart, explain how to differentiate Fe2+ ions and Fe3+ ions. . . . . Activity 17 : Qualitative analysis to identify salts
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(A). Identify the salt S1 The following tests were carried out to identify salt S1. Based on the observations given for each test, state its inference. Finally, identify salt S1 Test 1. Heat S1 strongly in a test tube. Identify any gas liberated. 2. Dissolve a spatulaful of S1 in distilled water. Divide into four portions and carry out the following tests: (a) add NaOH solution until excess. H (b) add N 3 solution until excess (c) add potassium iodide solution (d) add dilute H 2 SO 4 , followed by FeSO 4 solution. Carefully add about 1 cm 3 of concentrated H 2 SO 4 Observation Brown gas and a gas relights a glowing splinter are liberated. Residue is brown when hot and yellow when cold Residue dissolve in acid to produce colourless solution White precipitate, dissolve in excess NaOH solution White precipitate, insoluble in excess ammonia solution Yellow precipitate formed Inference

Brown ring formed

(A). Conclusion for salt S1 : . (B). Identify the salt S2 The following tests were carried out on an aqueous solution of salt S2. Based on the observations given for each test, state its inference. Finally, identify salt S2. Test 1. Pour about 2 cm 3 of S2 into a test tube. Add NaOH solution until excess 2. Pour about 2 cm 3 of S2 into a test tube. Add N 3 solution until excess H 3. Pour about 2 cm 3 of S2 into a test NO 3 , followed tube. Add dilute H by silver nitrate, AgNO 3 solution 4. Pour about 2 cm 3 of S2 into a test tube. Add dilute HCl solution, then add BaCl2 solution Observation White precipitate, dissolve in excess NaOH solution White precipitate, dissolve in excess ammonia solution No change Inference

White precipitate

(B). Conclusion for salt S2 : .. Activity 18 : plan qualitative analysis to identify anions
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CHAPTER 8:

Rajoo works in a laboratory. He noticed that there are two large bottles. However both the labels have fallen off. He found four labels beside the bottles. i.e Sodium Chloride Solution, Sodium Carbonate Solution, Sodium Sulphate Solution and Sodium Nitrate Solution. So he has to carry out confirmatory test to identify the anions in both the solutions. Complete the graphic organizers describing four tests and their results. The charts can then be used by Rajoo to distinguish which bottle contains which solution. CHART A: SODIUM CARBONATE AND SODIUM NITRATE

Result 1

Test 1 Add dilute HNO3 (or any dilute acid)

Result 1

Result 2
SODIUM CARBONATE

Test 2 Add dilute H2SO4 followed by solution. Carefully add 1 cm3 of H2SO4

Result 2
SODIUM NITRATE

Result 3

Test 3 Add dilute HNO3, followed by ., solution

Result 3

Test 4 Add dilute HCl, followed by Result 4 . solution Result 4

CHART B: SODIUM CHLORIDE AND SODIUM SULPHATE

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CHAPTER 8:

Result 1

Test 1 Add dilute HNO3 (or any dilute acid)

Result 1

Result 2
SODIUM CHLORIDE

Test 2 Add dilute H2SO4

SODIUM SULPHATE

Result 2

followed by solution. Carefully add 1 cm3 of H2SO4

Result 3

Test 3 Add dilute HNO3, followed by ., solution

Result 3

Test 4 Add dilute HCl, followed by Result 4 . solution Result 4

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