DIFFERENCES BETWEEN: TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKE ENGINES

Two stroke engine: Every second stroke is a power stroke. Four stroke engine: Every fourth stroke is a power stroke. Thus: a) For the same speed (and size) a two stroke engine has more power. b) Four stroke engines can not be slow speed as power becomes too low. c) Two stroke engines can run slower and still be powerful.

Two stroke engine: Gas exchange process (scavenging) takes place in small parts of power and compression strokes. Four stroke engine: Two full strokes are used for gas exchange. Thus: a) Gas exchange is better in four stroke engines resulting in lower emissions and higher fuel efficiency. b) Two stroke engines can not be high speed engines as scavenging efficiency becomes low.

Two stroke engines, being low speed types (see point 1-c and 2b above): a) Can be made with cross head type construction, which increases lubricating oil life and reduces risk of crankcase explosions. b) Have less wear & tear and vibrations, and are less noisy.

It is easier to start two stroke engines with the direct injection air starting method, as compared with four stroke engines. Four stroke engines are more compact and take less space in the engine room.

For a big ocean going ship, a two stroke engine is more suitable as main engine as it is more powerful, can be directly coupled to the propeller (as it is a slow speed engine), and is easier to start during manoeuvring. A four stroke engine is more suitable in a big ocean going ship as the alternator (A/C electric generator) drive as it is a high/medium speed engine and is also compact. For smaller ships it is also used as the main engine due to its compactness.