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Tiu chun bt buc p dng ton phn

Chng st cho cc cng trnh xy dng - Tiu chun thit k, thi cng
Lightning protection for buildings - Standard for design and construction. Ch|ng l Quy nh chung
1.1. Tiu chun ny p dng thit k thi cng, nghim thu v qun l thit b chng st cho cc cng trnh xy dng dng mi, ci to hoc m rng. Khng p dng tiu chun ny i vi cc cng trnh sau: a. Cng trnh ngm, cng trnh di ng, cc cng trnh c bit v qun s (trm ra- a, trn a tn la, pho...) v cc kho cha vt liu n. b. Cc |ng dy ti in, mng tip xc, in tn, in thoi, truyn thanh, ng-ten ca cc i thu- pht sng v tuyn in, v tuyn truyn hnh v cc kho xng du. Tu theo chc nng s dng, cc cng trnh xy dng phi |c chng st theo s phn cp nh| sau: Cp I- Nhng cng trnh, trong c to ra cc cht kh hoc hi chy, cng nh| cc bi hoc si d chy chuyn sang trng thi l lng v c kh nng kt hp vi khng kh hoc cht xy-ho khc to thnh cc hn hp n, c th xy ra ngay trong iu kin lm vic bnh th|ng k c iu kin lm vic bnh th|ng ngn hn (m hoc ng cc thit b, cha hoc rt cc cht d bt la hoc cc cc cht lng chy qua li cc bnh h...). Khi xy ra n s gy ra nhng ph hoi ln v lm cht ng|i. Cp II- Nhng cng trnh, trong c to ra cc cht kh, hi, bi hoc si chy v c kh nng kt hp vi khng kh hoc cc cht xy-ho khc to thnh cc hn hp n. Nh|ng kh nng ny ch xy ra khi c s c hoc lm sai quy tc, khng th xy ra trong khi lm vic bnh th|ng. Khi xy ra n ch gy ra nhng h| hng nh v khng lm cht ng|i. Cp III- Tt c nhng cng trnh cn li.
Ghi ch: Mt s cng trnh cp III, theo nguyn tc phn cp trn, nh|ng c tm quan trng c bit v chnh tr hoc kinh t th |c php nng ln cp II.

1.2.

(V d: Nh Quc hi, i pht thanh, nh my in, nh , nh lm vic ca lnh t...) 1.3. Cc cng trnh xy dng cn bo v theo cp I hoc cp II phi p dng bin php chng st nh thng, chng cm ng tnh in v cm ng in t, chng in p cao ca st lan truyn t h |ng dy, |ng ng bng kim loi t ni v t ngm bn ngoi dn vo.

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Cc cng trnh xy dng cn bo v theo cp III phi p dng bin php chng st nh thng; chng in p cao ca st lan truyn t h |ng dy, |ng ng bng kim loi t ni bn ngoi dn vo. Tr|ng hp cng trnh (k c ba cp) c chiu rng t 60m tr ln, phi p dng bin php san bng in p bn trong cng trnh - xem iu 2.15. 1.4. Nhng thit b t ngoi tri cn bo v theo cp II phi p dng bin php chng st nh thng v chng cm ng tnh in. Nhng thit b t ngoi tri cn bo v theo cp III phi p dng bin php chng st nh thng. i vi cc cng trnh xy dng c nhiu phng, trong c mt s phng cn bo v theo cp I v II hoc I v III th ton b cng trnh nn chng st theo cp I. i vi cng trnh mt tng, khi din tch cc phng cn bo v theo cp I nh hn 20% din tch ca ton b cc phng trong cng trnh, v i vi cng trnh nhiu tng khi din tch cc phng cn bo v theo cp I ca tng trn cng nh hn 20% din tch ca cc phng tng trn cng thuc cng trnh , th ton b cng trnh c th thc hin chng st theo cp II. Trong tr|ng hp ny ton b cc |ng dy, |ng ng bng kim loi t ni v t ngm c bn trong cng trnh, v tr u vo cc phng cn bo v theo cp I phi ni vi mt b phn ni t ring, t pha ngoi, c in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip t l0 m tr xung. i vi cc cng trnh xy dng c nhiu phng, trong c mt s phng cn bo v theo cp II v III th ton b cng trnh nn chng st theo cp II. i vi cng trnh mt tng, khi din tch cc phng cn bo v theo cp II nh hn 20% din tch ca ton b cc phng trong cng trnh, v i vi cng trnh nhiu tng, khi din tch cc phng cn bo v theo cp II ca tng trn cng nh hn 20% din tch ca cc phng tng trn cng thuc cng trnh , th ton b cng trnh c th thc hin chng st theo cp III. Trong tr|ng hp ny ton b cc |ng dy |ng ng bng kim loi t ni v t ngm c bn trong cng trnh, v tr u vo cc phng cn bo v theo cp II phi ni vi mt b phn ni t ring, c in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip t l0 m tr xung. 1.7. Nhng cng trnh xy dng cn bo v theo cp III sau y khng cn phi chng st nh thng: a. Nhng cng trnh khi b st nh thng, cng khng gy ra nhng thit hi g ng k v ng|i v ca. b. Nhng cng trnh nm trong phm vi bo v ca cc cng trnh cao (k c cc cy cao) xung quanh. c. Nhng cng trnh c chiu cao d|i 8m (k t mt t n nh cao nht ca cc cng trnh) c s ng|i tp trung cng mt lc khng qu 50 ng|i hoc khng c nhiu gia sc ln (tru b, nga, d, cu...) khng c cc b phn kt cu ln hoc cc my mc ln bng kim loi v xy dng ti nhng vng t st (t 5 nm tr ln khng thy st nh trong vng ).

1.5.

1.6.

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1.8.

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Khi chng st cho cng trnh xy dng thuc cc cp, nn ch y n nh h|ng ca b phn thu st t cng trnh bn cnh, chng st nh thng ch thc hin cho phn cn li ca cng trnh nm ngoi phm vi bo v ca cng trnh bn cnh ni trn. Trong tr|ng hp ny vic chng cm ng tnh in, cm ng in t v in p cao ca st lan truyn phi p dng cc bin php t|ng ng vi cp chng st ca cng trnh . Khi chng st nh thng cho cc cng trnh xy dng khng ln lm ng ring l cng nh| mt nhm cc cng trnh t|ng t cn bo v theo cp II, III, nn li dng cc cng trnh cao c sn lm b phn thu st nh|: cc ng khi, ng thi kh, i n|c,... hoc cc cng trnh cao t|ng t. 1.9. Vic thi cng lp t b phn chng st ni t cho cng trnh xy dng thuc cc cp (k c cng trnh ci to hay m rng) phi lm ng theo thit k v ph hp vi tin thi cng chng hon thnh cng mt lc vi cc cng vic chnh. 1.10. Khi thi cng cc cng trnh cao gp vo ma ng st, lc xy n cao t 15m tr ln nn t cc kim hoc dy thu st tm m bo an ton v mt chng st cho ng|i v cng trnh trong qu trnh xy dng. - Cc kim thu st tm t theo mt trn ca cng trnh. Dy xung t t do dc theo t|ng ct v phi ni vi b phn ni t chng st nh thng. Khi cng trnh |c xy cao dn, cc kim v dy thu st, dy xung cng chuyn ln theo. Cc ch ni ca b phn thu st, ni t, |c dng bulng bt ni xem iu 3.28 Khi thi cng cc cng trnh cao bng kim loi ngay t u phi ni mng cng trnh vi b phn ni t chng st nh thng. 1.11. Cc b phn chng st nh thng, chng cm ng tnh in v cm ng in t ca cc cng trnh xy dng cn bo v theo cp II v III phi |c |a vo s dng sau khi cng trnh xy dng xong. Ring i vi cng trnh cn bo v theo cp I cc b phn chng st ni trn phi |a vo s dng khi bt u lp t cc thit b my mc c bn trong cng trnh. Ch|ng II Quy nh i vi bo v chng st Cc cng trnh xy dng cn phi s dng cc ph|ng thc chng st nh| sau: a) i vi cng trnh cp I v II nht thit phi s dng ph|ng thc bo v ton b. b) i vi cng trnh cp III. Nu l nhng cng trnh c mt vi phng c nguy c n chy, hoc nhng cng trnh th|ng xuyn tp trung ng ng|i cn phi s dng ph|ng thc bo v ton b. Nu l nhng cng trnh khng c cc phng c nguy c n chy, v khng tp trung ng ng|i th s dng ph|ng thc bo v trng im - xem iu 2.24. B phn thu st - C th s dng hnh thc kim, dy, ai hoc l|i thu st. Phi cn c vo c im c th ca mi cng trnh thit k ph hp vi yu cu v mt bo v, cng nh| cc yu cu v kinh t, k thut.

2.1.

2.2.

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2.3.

2.4.

2.5.

2.6.

Bo v cc cng trnh cp I Chng st nh thng cho cc cng trnh cp I nht thit phi b tr kim, dy thu st t c lp hoc cc b phn thu st khc t trc tip, nh|ng phi cch li vi cng trnh qua cc loi vt liu khng dn in. Cc b phn thu st ni trn phi m bo |c phm vi bo v nh| |c trnh by trong ch|ng 4. Khong cch an ton t thit b chng st t c lp hoc cch li vi cng trnh nh| sau: a) Khong cch khng kh (Skk), khng |c nh hn 5m. b) Khong cch trong t (S) khng |c nh hn 5m i vi cng trnh c nguy c n hoc th|ng xuyn tp trung ng ng|i, khng |c nh hn 3m i vi cc cng trnh khc v vi dy thu st. c) Khong cch qua cc loi vt liu khng dn in xc nh theo c|ng cch in ca vt liu. d) i vi cng trnh chn nui gia sc phi theo quy nh iu 2.27. in tr xung kch ca b phn ni t khng |c ln hn 10 m nu in tr sut tnh ton ca t (8.tt) nh hn 5 x 104 m.cm, hoc khng |c ln hn 40 m nu in tr sut tnh ton ca t ln hn 5 x 104 m.cm. Khi trn cng trnh c ng khi hoc cc loi ng k thut khc nh cao ln khi mi, dng thi cc cht kh c nguy c gy n th khong khng gian trn ming ng cn phi nm trong phm vi bo v ca b phn thu st. Khong khng gian ny |c gii hn bng mt hnh bn cu c bn knh bng 5m. i vi cc ng thi khc, khong khng gian ni trn |c gii hn trong phm vi mt hnh tr c kch th|c nh| sau: + H =1m; R=2m, khi loi kh cho thot ra nng hn khng kh, c p lc d| nh hn 0,05at - d| (a-ti). + H=2,5m; R =5m, khi loi kh cho thot ra nng hn khng kh. C p lc d| nh hn 0,05 n 0,25at - d| hoc nh hn khng kh, c p lc d| n 0,25 at d|. + (H v R l chiu cao v bn knh ca hnh tr). Khng cn |a vo phm vi bo v ca cc b phn thu st khong khng gian trn ming cc loi ng sau: + ng thi cc cht kh c nguy c gy n. + ng thi kh nit. + ng th|ng xuyn thi kh v kh thi thot ra t ming ng th|ng xuyn chy thnh ngn la, hoc ch chy thnh ngn la khi thi. ng hoc van an ton dung thi cc cht kh c nguy c gy n, nh|ng cc loi kh ny ch cho thi ra trong cc tr|ng hp ht sc hn ch nh| lc c s c. chng cm ng tnh in, tt c cc b phn kt cu kim loi v cc my mc ln c trong cng trnh phi ni vi mt b phn ni t chng cm ng st hay ni vi b phn ni t bo v thit b in.

2.7.

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B phn ni t chng cm ng st phi c tr s in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip khng ln hn 10 m v phi t cch xa b phn ni t chng st nh thng mt khong cch S nh| nu iu 2.4. 2.8. chng cm ng in t, phi ni tt c cc |ng ng kim loi, cc kt cu kim loi di, ai v v kim loi ca cc cp ti nhng ch chng i gn nhau nht (trong phm vi 100mm). Nu chng song song vi nhau, dc theo chiu di c cch nhau 15 n 20m phi ni lin h vi nhau. Nu cc on song song khng di qu 20m th phi ni ti hai u ng. Cc mi ni, mt bch hay mng-sng ni ca cc |ng ng phi m bo in tr tip xc 0,03 m, nu khng bo m tip xc tt phi hn vt thm cc cu ni bng thp trn hay thp dt. 2.9. chng in p cao ca st lan truyn trong cng trnh nu c h |ng ng ngm bng kim loi dn vo, v tr u vo cng trnh phi ni h |ng ng vi b phn ni t chng cm ng st hay ni vi b phn ni t bo v thit b in. B phn ni t chng st nh thng phi t cch xa h |ng ng ngm v cc b phn ni t khc mt khong cch S nh| nu iu 2.4. 2.10. chng in p cao ca st lan truyn trong cng trnh nu c h |ng ng bng kim loi t ni bn ngoi dn vo cn phi: a) Nu h |ng ng t trn cc tr , v tr u vo cng trnh - ni ng vi b phn ni t chng cm ng st. Ti tr th nht (gn cng trnh) ni t vi tr s in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip 10 m v tr th hai l 20 m. Dc theo |ng ng khong 20 n 30m ni t lp li vi in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip 30 m. b) Nu h |ng ng t mt t, ti v tr u vo cng trnh, ni ng vi b phn ni t chng cm ng st. cc im dc theo chiu di ng , cch v tr u vo cng trnh 10 v 20m, ni t vi in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip t|ng ng bng 10 m v 20 m. Sau c tip nhau tng khong 20 n 30m ni t lp li vi in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip 30 m. 2.11. Cc |ng dy dn vo cng trnh c in p d|i 1000V (ngoi ra, cc |ng dy khc u khng |c dn vo) nht thit phi t cp ngm sut t trm bin p cung cp ti cng trnh, ng thi phi p dng thm cc bin php sau: a) Ti trm bin p cung cp in, pha in p thp v ti hp u cp ca cng trnh, trn cc li cp phi t b chng st h p. b) V hp u cp, ai v v kim loi ca cp u vo cng trnh phi ni vi b phn ni t ca cc b chng st h p. Bo v cng trnh cp II 2.12. i vi cc cng trnh cp II c th b tr thit b chng st c lp, cch li hoc t trc tip ln cng trnh. Cn phi tnh ton v so snh v kinh t k thut chn ph|ng n hp l nht. - Nu b tr thit b chng st c lp hoc cch li vi cng trnh qua cc vt liu khng dn in, cn phi thc hin theo iu 2.3 ; 2.4. - Nu b tr thit b chng st trc tip trn cng trnh cn phi tha mn cc yu cu sau:

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a) i vi kim loi hay dy thu st - t mi kim loi hoc dy thu st phi c t nht l hai dy xung. b) i vi l|i thu st - lm bng thp trn, kch th|c mi l|i khng |c ln hn 5 x 5m. Cc mt l|i phi |c hn ni vi nhau. Tr|ng hp cng trnh c mi bng kim loi, nu b dy mi ln hn 4mm, c th s dng mi thu v dn st. Trong mi tr|ng hp phi m bo s dn in lin tc gia cc b phn ring r ca mi vi nhau. c) Trn mi ca cng trnh nu c t cc b phn nh cao bng kim loi (nh| ng thng hi, thang cha chy ...) th mi b phn ny phi m bo dn in lin tc v phi |c hn ni vi l|i thu st hay mi kim loi nu cc b phn nh cao ni trn khng phi bng kim loi (nu nh| ng khi, ng thng hi xy bng gch..), phi t thm ln trn cc b phn thu st ph (kim hoc ai thu st) v hn ni b phn thu st ph ny vi l|i thu st hay mi kim loi. d) i vi cc cng trnh cao qu 15m cn phi thc hin ng p tng tng. Ti cc tng ca cng trnh, phi t cc ai san bng in p bao quanh cng trnh, cc dy xung phi ni vi cc ai san bng in p v tt c cc b phn bng kim loi, k c cc b phn kim loi khng mang in ca cc thit b, my mc c cc tng cng phi |c ni vi cc ai san bng in p bng dy ni. Tr|ng hp ny phi thc hin ni t mch vng bao quanh cng trnh. e) Khi s dng b phn ni t cc hay cm cc chn thng ng, cc dy xung phi t pha ngoi trn cc mt t|ng ca cng trnh. Khi s dng b phn ni t ko di hay mch vng th dy xung phi t cch nhau khng qu 15 n 20m dc theo chu vi mi cng trnh. g) C th s dng cc b phn kt cu kim loi ca cng trnh (nh|: ct thp, v ko thp...) cng nh| ct thp trong cc cu kin b tng ct thp (tr ct thp c ng lc tr|c v ct thp ca cu kin b tng nh) lm dy xung, vi iu kin k thut thi cng phi m bo |c s dn in lin tc ca cc b phn kim loi |c s dng lm dy xung ni trn (bng ph|ng php hn in). 2.13. nhng vng t c tr s in tr sut nh hn hoc bng 3 x 104 m.cm, |c php s dng ct thp trong cc loi mng bng b tng ct thp lm b phn ni t, vi iu kin k thut thi cng phi m bo |c s dn in lin tc ca cc ct thp trong cc loi mng ni trn. 2.14. Tr s in tr xung kch ca b phn ni t chng st nh thng p dng iu 2.5. 2.15. Khong cch gia cc b phn ca thit b chng st v cc b phn kim loi ca cng trnh, cc |ng ng, |ng dy in lc, in yu (in thoi, truyn thanh...) dn vo cng trnh: a) Pha trn mt t khng |c nh hn 1,5m; pha d|i mt t khng |c nh hn 3m. b) Tr|ng hp thc hin khong cch quy nh trn gp nhiu kh khn v khng hp l v kinh t - k thut th |c php ni chng v c cc b phn kim loi khng mang in ca cc thit b in vi thit b chng st, tr cc phng c nguy c gy ra chy n, v phi thc hin thm cc bin php sau:

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2.16.

2.17.

2.18. 2.19.

2.20. 2.21.

- Cc |ng dy in lc, in nh phi lun trong cc ng thp, hoc s dng cc loi cp c v bng kim loi v ni cc ng thp, hoc v kim loi ca cp vi ai san bng in p ti ch chng gn nhau nht. - Phi t ai san bng in p bn trong cng trnh. ai san bng in p l mt mng cc l|i nm ngang, chn su khng nh hn 0,5m so vi mt sn, lm bng thp trn hoc thp dt tit din khng |c nh hn 100mm2 v b dy thp dt khng nh hn 4mm. Kch th|c mi l|i khng |c ln hn 5 x 5m. - Nht thit phi s dng hnh thc ni t mch vng bao quanh cng trnh v dc theo mch vng ni t, c cch nhau tng khong 10 n 15m phi hn ni lin h vi ai san bng in p trong cng trnh: in tr xung kch ca mch vng ni t khng v|t qu tr s nu iu 2.5. - Khi s dng ct thp trong cc mng bng b tng ct thp ca cng trnh lm b phn ni t th khng yu cu t ai san bng in p bn trong cng trnh. Chng st cho cc b cha kn t ngoi tri. a) Tr|ng hp b cha bng kim loi, nu thnh b c b dy t 5mm tr ln, |c s dng thnh b thu v dn st, nu b dy thnh b nh hn 5mm th phi t b phn thu st ring, thnh b ch |c s dng dn st. b) Tr|ng hp cc b cha bng b tng ct thp, c th b tr thit b chng st c lp, cch li hay t trc tip trn b cha . c) Nu c ng thng hi hoc thot kh trn b th khong khng gian trn cc ng cng phi |c bo v nh| nu iu 2.6. d) in tr ni t xung kch ca b phn ni t khng |c ln hn 20 m v phi c t nht l hai dy xung ni thnh b hay b phn thu st vi b phn ni t. chng cm ng tnh in, p dng iu 2.7. Tr|ng hp s dng mi kim loi chng st nh thng, hoc t l|i chng st nh thng trn mi cng trnh th khng phi chng cm ng st, nh|ng phi thc hin ng p tng tng v ni cc kt cu kim loi hoc my mc bn trong cng trnh vi ai san bng in p. chng cm ng in t, p dng iu 2.8. chng in p cao ca st lan truyn trong cng trnh, nu c h |ng dy, |ng ng ngm bng kim loi dn vo, p dng iu 2.9. Ring khong cch trong t S t b phn ni t bo v chng st nh thng n cc |ng dy, |ng ng v b phn kim loi khc p dng iu 2.15. chng in p cao ca st lan truyn trong cng trnh nu c h |ng dy, |ng ng bng kim loi t ni bn ngoi dn vo, p dng iu 2.10. Cc l|i in c in p d|i 1000V, l|i in yu (in thoi, truyn thanh...) ch |c |a vo cng trnh bng cp ngm. Hp u cp, ai v v cp bng kim loi phi ni vi b phn ni t chng cm ng st. Nu cc l|i in trn l |ng dy trn khng, mun |a vo cng trnh phi chuyn sang dng cp ngm, chiu di on cp ny t nht l 50m.

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Vi l|i in in p d|i 1000V, ct c s chuyn i t |ng dy trn khng sang |ng dy cp, hp u cp, ai v v cp bng kim loi cng nh| x, chn s bng kim loi trn ct phi ni vi mt b phn ni t c in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip khng ln hn 10 m, ngoi ra gia mi |ng dy vi cc b phn kim loi c lin h vi b phn ni t phi t cc b phn chng st h p hay khe h phng in vi khong cch phng in bng 2 n 3 mm. X v chn x bng kim loi trn ct |ng dy k tip vi ct c s chuyn i ni trn phi ni vi mt b phn ni t c in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip khng ln hn 20 m. Bo v cc cng trnh cp III 2.22. i vi cc cng trnh cp III cn phi t thit b chng st ngay trn cng trnh, ch |c php t thit b chng st c lp vi cng trnh trong nhng tr|ng hp c bit thun li v k thut v kinh t. B phn thu st c th s dng hnh thc kim, dy, ai hoc l|i thu st ty tng tr|ng hp c th. Khi bo v bng l|i thu st, kch th|c mi l|i khng |c ln hn 12 x 12m v phi b tr thm cc kim hoc ai thu st bo v cho cc kt cu nh cao ln khi mi. Cc dy xung phi t men theo t|ng pha ngoi cng trnh (tr tr|ng hp thit b chng st t c lp vi cng trnh). Khi bo v bng l|i thu st, dc theo chu vi mi c cch nhau 20 n 25m, phi t mt dy xung. Ngoi ra dy xung v b phn ni t cng |c p dng iu 2.12g v 2.13. in tr xung kch Rxk ca b phn ni t ng vi cc tr s in tr sut t tnh ton (7dtt) v cc cch b tr thit b chng st khng v|t qu cc tr s nu trong bng 1. Bng 1
Thit b chng st t ngay trn cng trnh khng th|ng xuyn c ng|i hoc lm vic 7dtt < 5 x104 m.cm Rxk 20 50 20 50 10 30 7dtt J 5 x104 m.cm Thit b chng st t ngay trn cng trnh c ng|i v lm vic th|ng xuyn 7dtt < 5 x104 m.cm 7dtt J 5 x104 m.cm

Thit b chng st t c lp vi cng trnh 7dtt < 5 x104 m.cm 7dtt J 5 x104 m.cm

2.23. Cc b phn kim loi ca thit b chng st phi t cch xa cc vt bng kim loi ca cng trnh mt khong cch khng |c nh hn 1,5m nu vt kim loi cao d|i 20m so vi mt t, v khng |c nh hn 1:10 chiu di ca on dy xung nu vt kim loi cao t 20m tr ln (S J 0,1L), trong L l chiu di ca on dy xung o dc theo |ng dy t mt t n im kho st.

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Tr|ng hp c mt vch ngn bng vt liu khng dn in gia vt kim loi v thit b chng st, c th gim khong cch trn mt on bng 3 ln chiu dy ca vch ngn. i vi cc |ng dy in lc, in nh cng phi bo m khong cch quy nh trn (1,5 hoc 1:10 chiu di ca on dy xung). Khong cch t cc b phn kim loi ca thit b chng st n cc |ng ng kim loi ngm hoc cc |ng cp ngm dn vo cng trnh khng |c nh hn 3m nu khng s dng chng lm vt ni t t nhin. Tr|ng hp thc hin cc khong cch quy nh trn gp nhiu kh khn v khng hp l v kinh t - k thut th |c php ni chng v c b phn kim loi khng mang in ca thit b in vi thit b chng st, tr cc phng c nguy c gy ra chy n, nh|ng phi s dng hnh thc ni t mch vng bao quanh cng trnh. Dc theo chu vi mi, c cch nhau t 15 n 20m t mt dy xung v hn dy xung vi mch vng ni t ni trn. 2.24. i vi cc cng trnh cp III khng cao hn 16m, khng rng hn 20m, khng c cc phng c nguy c n chy, khng tp trung ng ng|i v xy dng ti nhng vng c mt st nh thng khng cao, c th p dng ph|ng thc bo v trng im nh| sau: a) i vi cng trnh mi bng, ch cn bo v cho cc gc nh v dc theo chu vi ca |ng vin t|ng chn mi. b) i vi cng trnh mi dc, mi rng c|a, mi chng dim, ch cn bo v cho cc gc nh, gc dim mi, dc theo b nc v dim mi. Nh|ng nu chiu di ca cng trnh khng qu 30m th khng cn bo v b nc, v nu dc mi ln hn 280 th cng khng cn bo v dim mi. c) Bo v cho nhng b phn kt cu nh cao ln khi mt mi phi b tr cc kim hoc ai thu st. Nhng kim hoc ai ny phi |c b ni vi b phn thu st ca cng trnh. 2.25. i vi nhng cng trnh c mi kim loi |c php s dng mi lm b phn thu v dn st nu b dy ca mi: - Ln hn 4mm, i vi nhng cng trnh c mt s phng c nguy c n, chy. - Ln hn 3,5mm, i vi nhng cng trnh khng c nguy c n, chy. - Khi s dng mi lm b phn thu v dn st phi m bo |c s dn in lin tc ca mi. Nu khng, phi hn ni cc b phn ring r ca mi vi nhau, mi b phn t nht phi c hai mi ni. Dc theo chu vi mi c cch nhau 20 n 30m phi t mt dy xung, nu cng trnh nh t nht cng phi c hai dy xung. Tr|ng hp b dy mi kim loi nh hn cc tr s quy nh trn, phi t b phn thu st ring bo v, ch |c s dng mi dn st v cng phi bo m yu cu dn in lin tc nh| trn. 2.26. i vi cc cng trnh bng tranh, tre, na, l phi b tr thit b chng st c lp vi cng trnh. Nu xung quanh cng trnh c cc cy xanh, tt nht l s dng cy xanh t thit b chng st, nh|ng cng phi bo m cc khong cch an ton nh| quy nh trong iu 2.4 ; 3.30 v 3.31. Tr|ng hp c li nhiu v kinh t - k thut th |c php t thit b chng st ngay trn cng trnh, nh|ng cn phi tha mn cc yu cu sau:

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a) Phi s dng kim thu st lp trn ct cch in (g, tre...) khong cch t cc phn dn in ca kim n mi cng trnh khng |c nh hn 400mm. b) Dy xung phi b tr trn cc chn khng dn in v cch mi t 150mm tr ln. c) Dy xung khng |c xuyn qua mi. Tr|ng hp c bit phi xuyn qua mi th phi lun trong ng snh hoc s. 2.27. i vi cng trnh chn nui gia sc (loi gia sc ln) phi b tr thit b chng st c lp. B phn thu st v b phn ni t phi t cch xa mng cng trnh v ca ra vo mt khong cch t nht l 10m. Tr|ng hp c li v kinh t th |c php t b phn thu st ngay trn cng trnh, nh|ng b phn ni t phi t cch mng cng trnh v ca ra vo mt khong cch t nht l 5m. Nu khng bo m |c nhng khong cch ni trn, khi t xong b phn ni t th phi ph lp ln trn mt lp dm (hoc si) nha |ng c chiu dy t 100mm tr ln, km theo nn t mt bin bo phng nga. 2.28. Chng st nh thng cho nhng ng khi cao: a) Nu ng khi lm bng kim loi, b dy thnh ng ln hn 4mm, s dng ng khi thu v dn st, tr|ng hp ny ch cn tin hnh ni t cho ng khi. Nu b dy thnh ng nh hn 4mm, phi t b phn thu st ring, ch s dng thnh ng dn st. Khi s dng thnh ng thu st v dn st, cn phi hn ni cc b phn ring bit ca ng vi nhau. b) Nu ng khi bng b tng ct thp hay xy bng gch, , c th bo v bng kim hoc ai thu st vin quanh ming ng khi. Phm vi bo v ca kim thu st phi bao trm ton b ming ng khi. S l|ng v kch th|c kim phi xc nh theo tnh ton, nh|ng chiu di mi kim khng nn qu 3m. Dc theo chiu cao ca ng khi, nu c dy bc thang dn in lin tc th |c s dng lm dy xung. i vi ng khi cao t 40m tr ln phi c t nht l hai kim thu st v hai dy xung, tr s in tr ni t xung kch khng ln hn 10 m. 2.29. Chng st nh thng cho nhng cng trnh khc nh| i cha n|c, thp khoan, my ng cc, cn trc quy nh nh| sau: a) Nu chng bng kim loi, dn in lin tc t trn xung th s dng lm b phn thu v dn st. Tr|ng hp ny ch cn ni t cho cng trnh vi tr s in tr ni t xung kch 10 m. Nu cng trnh nh cng phi c t nht l hai dy ni t. Tr|ng hp cng trnh bng kim loi khng dn in lin tc, phi hn cc b phn ring bit li vi nhau hoc t cc cu ni nh|ng khng |c lm nh h|ng n hot ng bnh th|ng ca thit b. b) Nu chng khng phi lm bng kim loi, cn t b phn thu st ring bo v. Dy xung b tr gn bc thang. Nu bc thang dn in lin tc th |c s dng lm dy xung. Nu cng trnh cao t 40m tr ln phi c t nht l hai kim thu st v hai dy xung. Tr s in tr ni t xung kch khng |c ln hn 10 m.

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2.30. bo v chng st nh thng cho cc t|ng, i k nim khng phi bng kim loi (gch, b tng ct thp, , p bng ...) nh t|ng i cn phi t kim hoc ai thu st, khong cch t nh kim, hoc ai n nh t|ng, i khng quy nh. Dy xung c th s dng ct thp chu lc trong thn t|ng i, nh|ng phi bo m dn in lin tc. in tr ni t xung kch khng v|t qu 10 m. Tr|ng hp t|ng, i bng kim loi phi m bo dn in lin tc v ch cn ni t cho cc t|ng i vi in tr ni t xung kch khng v|t qu 30 m. 2.31. Chng st nh thng cho cc b cha kn t ngoi tri p dng iu 2.16. 2.32. chng in p cao ca st lan truyn t |ng dy trn khng dn vo cng trnh phi p dng cc bin php bo v sau: a) i vi |ng dy in p d|i 1000V, ti u vo cng trnh phi t b chng st h p, hoc khe h phng in. B phn ni t c in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip khng ln hn 20 m, ti ct th nht v th hai gn cng trnh phi ni t x v chn s trn ct vi in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip t|ng ng bng 20 v 30 m. Ring i vi cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng c th khng cn t b chng st h p hoc khe h phng in u vo cng trnh. Nu in p ln hn 1000V, cn bo v theo cc quy nh ca Ngnh in lc. b) i vi cc |ng dy in yu cn bo v theo quy nh ca cc Ngnh ch qun. 2.33. chng in p cao ca st lan truyn t cc |ng ng bng kim loi, t ni dn vo cng trnh phi p dng cc bin php bo v sau: a) Ti u vo cng trnh, ng phi |c ni t vi in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip khng ln hn 20 m. b) Ti hai ct u tin gn cng trnh, mi ct phi |c ni t vi in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip bng 40 m. c) Ti cc ct tip theo thuc khu vc xy dng cng trnh, c cch nhau 250 n 300m phi ni t lp li vi tr s in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip ca mi b phn ni t bng 50 m. Nu ng t nm mt t cng tin hnh ni t theo trnh t nh| trn. Ch|ng III Thit b chng st Kim thu st Kim thu st c th bng thp trn, thp dt, thp ng hoc thp gc vi tit din phn kim loi ca nh kim khng |c nh hn 100 mm2 (nu thp dt, b dy khng |c nh hn 3,5mm; nu thp ng, b dy thnh ng khng |c nh hn 3mm) v chi

3.1.

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