What is Management?

Management

means getting t ings done t rough other people effectively and efficiently. Stephen Robbins

Thus,

the primary job of all managers is to get things done, effectively & efficiently through other people.

 Effectiveness

is the ability to determine appropriate objectives. It means doing the right things. is the ability to minimize the use of resources in achieving organizational objectives. It means doing things right.

Efficiency

 Effectiveness

is the key to organizations success. Before we can focus on doing things efficiently, we need to be sure we have found the right things to do. Peter Drucker

Management F ncti ns

 Management

unctions

Planning Organizing Commanding Coordinating Controlling

Henri Fayol

 In

modern literature, all the management functions have been broadly clubbed as:
Planning Organizing Leading Controlling

Planning defining an organizations goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. In simple terms, planning is the process of establishing goals and a suitable course of action for achieving those goals.

Organizing determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. Thus, it is the process of arranging and allocating work, authority, and resources among organizational members so that they can achieve the organizational goals.

Leading motivating employees, directing the activities of others, and resolving conflicts among members. In other words, it is the process of directing, influencing and motivating employees to perform essential tasks and thereby achieve the organizational goals.

 Controlling

ensuring that things are going as they should, monitoring performance and correcting in case of significant deviations.

In

simple terms, controlling is the process of ensuring that actual activities conform to planned activities.

 Thus,

in reply to the question as to hat managers do?, we can say that all managers plan, organize, lead and control.

It

is to be noted, however, that the percentage of time allocated to the various functions differs with the different levels of management.

Management: An Interactive Process

Planning: Managers use logic and methods to think through goals & actions Controlling Managers make sure an organization is moving towards organizational goals Organizing Managers arrange and allocate work authority and resources to achieve organizational goals

Leading Managers direct, influence and motivate employees to achieve the goals

 Thus,

in practice, the management process does not involve four separate or loosely related sets of activities but a group of interrelated functions.

Planning,

organizing, leading and controlling are the simultaneous and interconnected actions that keep managers busy.

 Thus,

on the basis of functions:

Management

may be defined as the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the work of organization members and of using all available organizational resources to reach stated organizational goals. Stoner, Freeman & Gilbert

Henr Mintz erg

Robert Katz

 Technical

Skills the ability to apply the procedures, techniques and knowledge of a specialized field. Skills the ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations.

Conceptual

 Human

Skills the ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups. or a manager, technical and conceptual skills are essential but human skills are CRITICAL.