Strunet: Introduction To Spread Footing Design Flow Charts

Introduction to Spread Footing Design Flow Charts
STRUNET
CONCRETE DESIGN AIDS
Strunet.com: Spread Footing Design V1.01 - Page 1
Spread Footing Charts in Bullets:
All code provisions are listed, where applicable, on the charts for quick
reference.
Analysis assume rigid footing condition, resulting in a uniform soil
pressure for concentric load, and a triangular or trapezoidal soil
pressure for eccentric loading (combined axial and bending)
Establish preliminary si ze under service loads, and proportion
rectangular footi ng dimensions, if required, around a rectangular
column.
Calculate i n one si ngle equation one -way shear, two-way shear, and
design moment, under factored loads, respectively.
Deal separately with two eccentricity conditions, while e<L/6 flexural
equations are used, and for e>L/6 equilibrium equations are used.
Drive the nominal shear strength of the concrete for bo th beam shear
(one way) and punching shear (two way, or slab shear). Alternatively,
provide reference to the code provisions where shear reinforcement
may be used i n case of factored shear force exceeded nominal
concrete shear strength with restricted foot ing depth.
Calculate required flexural reinforcement ratio and compared with the
minimum and maximum permitted by code, and provide required
tensile reinforcement, and calculate rebar development length.
Address axial force transfer at the column base (f or compression only),
and fully detaili ng the dowels design and development length required
into footing and column.
Include sketches illustrati ng the subject under i nvestigation.
Include notations sheet explai ning in details all symbols used in the char s.
A
s
= area or rei nforcement.
b = column width dimension.
b
o
= perimeter of critical shear section for footi ng.
B = footing width dimension.
d = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension
reinforcement.
d
b
= nomi nal diameter of bar.
f
c
= specified compressive strength of concrete.
f
y
= specified tensile strength of reinforcement.
h = overall member thickness.
l = column length dimension.
l
ava
= available length for bar development.
l
d
= development length of bar in tension.
l
s
= compression lap splice length.
l
db
= basic development length of bar i n compression.
L = footing length dimension.
P
o
= axial load, service.
P
u
= axial load, ultimate.
q
act
= actual soil pressure based on service loads condition.
q
all
= allowable soil bearing pressure.
q
s
= factored actual soil pressure.
R
u
= coefficient of resistance.
V
u
= factored shear force at section considered.
V
c
= nomi nal shear strength of concrete.
c
= ratio of long side to short side of column dimensions.
= ratio of tension reinforcement.

b
= ratio of tension reinforcement at balanced strain condition.
max
= maximum ratio permissible by code.
min
= minimum ratio permissible by code.
req d
= required ratio of tension reinforcement.
provd
= provided ratio of tension reinforcement.
= strength reduction factor.

Notations for Spread Footing Design Flow Charts
STRUNET
Strunet.com: Spread Footing Design V1.01 - Page 2
Force transfer at
column/footing
for compression
force only
Reinforcement
One Way Shear
(Beam Action)
Two Way Shear
(Slab Action)
Ultimate Design
Forces V
u
& M
u
Rebar
Development
Equilibrium
Equations
Ultimate Design
Forces V
u
& M
u
Ultimate Soils
Pressure
Flexural
Equations
Ultimate Design
Forces V
u
& M
u
Ultimate Soils
Pressure
Shear Check
Footing subjected
to vertical load only
Preliminary Size
Preliminary Size
Main Input &
Notation
Footing Subjected
to vertical load
and moment
Strunet.com: Spread Footing Design V1.01- Page 3
STRUNET
Spread Footing Analysis & Design
Main Chart
footing size
is given?
=
o
F
all
P
A
q
square or
rect. footing?
=
F
B L A
Roundup B,L
F
A =BL
u
s
F
P
q =
A
YES
Square Rect.
NO
Preliminary
Size
ultimate bearing
pressure
o
act all
F
P
q = < q
A
l= column longer dimension
b= column shorter dimension
Proceed to
ultimate Design
forces
Footing
subjected to
vertical load only
proportion of
footing w/ column
= 4 a
= + 2 b (l b)
=
F
c lb A
+
=
2
4
2
-b b - a c
k
a
= +2 L l k'
F
A
B=
L
STRUNET
Preliminary Size of Footing Subjected to Vertical Loads only.
one way shear
(beam action)
( )
u s
V =q B 0.5L- 0.5l - d
( )
u s
V =q L 0.5B- 0.5b- d
two way shear
(slab action)
( ) ( )

o
b =2 l +d + b+d
use w/ V
c
calculation
( ) ( )

u s F
V =q A - l +d b+d
finding M
u
Transverse
Direction
Longitudinal
Direction
( )
2
u s
M =0.125q L B- b
( )
2
u s
M =0.125q B L- l
Short
Direction
long.
Direction
L
l
b B
L
q
s
d
d/2
P
u
d/2
l
q
s
finding V
u
L
B
l+d
b
+
d
Note: the following footing forces
calculations are based on:
l= column dimension parallel to L
b= column dimension parallel to B
Ultimate Design
Forces V
u
& M
u
STRUNET
Ultimate Forces for Footing Subjected to Vertical Loads only
L>6e

o o
2
all
P 6M 1
B= +
q L L
max all
q <q
o o
min
F F
P M
q = -
A S
o
e
o
3M
L =1.5L-
P
o
all e
2P
B=
q L
B & L
o
max
e
2P
q =
BL
max all
q >q
STOP.
Increase B or L
Proceed to Ultimate
Soils Bearing
Pressure, use
flexural equations
min
q >0.0
Proceed to Ultimate
Soils Bearing
Pressure, use
equilibrium equations
L
max
= maximum
permissible footing
length .
o
o
M
e=
P
L=Lmax
NO
YES YES
YES
NO NO
NO
Proceed to Ultimate
Bearing Pressure, use
equilibrium equations
L
q
max
M
o
P
o
q
min
e
Soils Pressure distribution if
L
q
max
M
o
P
o
e
Soils Pressure distribution if
L
e
Preliminary
Size
YES
=
F
A BL
=
2
6
F
BL
S
= +
o o
max
F F
P M
q
A S
6
L
e <
6
L
e >
STRUNET
Preliminary Size of Footing Subjected to Vertical Load and Moment
Short
Direction
long.
Direction
u u
max
F F
P M
q = +
A S
u u
min
F F
P M
q = -
A S
min
q >0.0
min
e
min max
q L
L = L-
q +q
STOP.
go to equilibrium for
continuation
max min
q=q - q
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 min
2 min
3 min
4 min
5 min
0.5 L- l - d
q = q + q
L
0.5 L- l
q = q + q
L
0.5 L+l
q = q + q
L
0.5 L+l +d
q = q + q
L
0.5 L+l +d
q = q + q
L

L
q
max
q
5
d
d/2
M
u
P
u
d/2
q
2
q
1
l
q
min
q
3
q
4
Ultimate Design
Forces V
u
& M
u
one way shear
(Beam Action)
( )( )
u max 5
V =0.5B q +q 0.5L- 0.5l - d
( )( )
u max min
V =0.5L q +q 0.5B- 0.5b- d
two way shear
(Slab Action)
finding V
u
finding M
u
( ) ( )
2
u 3 max
M =0.0625B q +q L- l
( ) ( )
2
u min max
M =0.0625L q +q B- b
Transverse
Direction
Longitudinal
Direction
YES NO
( )( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( )
u min 1
1 4
4 max
V =0.25B q +q L- l - d
+0.5 q +q B- b- d l +d
+0.25B q +q L- l - d
STRUNET
Ultimate Forces with Flexural Equations for Footing
Subjected to Vertical Load and Moment
Ultimate Bearing
Pressure using
Equilibrium Equations
one way shear
(Beam Action)
Short
Direction
long.
Direction
two way shear
(Slab Action)
STOP.
increase L
YES NO
Ultimate Design
Forces V
u
& M
u
Transverse
Direction
Longitudinal
Direction
finding M
u
NO
2
u
max
e
P
q
BL
=
3
1 5
u
e
u
M
L . L
P
=
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
2
3
4
5
0 5
2
0 5
2
0 5
2
0 5
2
0 5
2 2
max
e
e
max
e
e
max
e
e
max
e
e
max
e
e
. q
q L L l d
L
. q
q L L l
L
. q
q L L l
L
. q
q L L l d
L
. q
q L L l d
L
=
=
= +
= + +
= + +
( ) ( )
5
0 5 0 5 0 5
u max
V . B q q . L . l d = +
( ) 0 5 0 5 0 5
u max e
V . q L . B . b d =
( ) 0 5
e
L . L l d > + +
( ) ( )
( )( )
4
4
0 25
0 25 2
u max
e
V . B q q L l d
. q L L l d B b d
= +
+ + +
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
1 4
4
0 25 2
0 5
0 25
u e
max
V . q B L L l d
. q q B b d l d
. B q q L l d
=
+ + +
+ +
0 5 0 5
e
L . L . l > +
( )
2
0 0625
u e max
M . L q B b =
( ) ( )
2
3
0 0625
u max
M . B q q L l = +
YES
STRUNET
L
q
max
q
5
d
d/2
M
u
P
u
d/2
q
2
q
1
l
q
3
q
4
L
e
Ultimate Forces with Equilibrium Equations for
Footing Subjected to Vertical Load and Moment
is f
ct
given?
use ACI
11.3.2.1
repeat check
one way
shear o.k.
NO
YES NO
NO
ACI 15.5.1
ACI 11.12
ACI 11.3.1.1
'
100
c
f psi
ACI 11.1.2
ACI 11.2.1.2 ACI 11.2.1.1
YES NO
see V
u
calculations
ACI 9.3.2.3
A
s
= provided
flexural reinf.
YES
can increase f
c
'
or footing depth?
Req'd increase
V
u
=V
c
find d or f'
c
One way Shear
Normal or Light
Wt Concrete
finding V
c
LIGHT
ACI 11.12.1.1
ACI 11.2.1
YES
NORMAL
,
,

w
w
b =B
b =L
d = h- 3.5 , h=
footing width short direction
footing length long direction
footing depth
( )
= all-Light wt 0 75 2
c c w
: V . f b d
( )
= Sand Light wt 0 85 2
c c w
: V . f b d

=

2
6 7
6 7
ct
c w
' ct
c
f
V b d
.
f
f
.
= 2
'
c c w
V f b d
c
V
u
V
=0 85 .
>
u c
V V
=
s
w
w
A
b d

= +

1 9 2500 3 5
' ' u
c c w w c w
u
V d
V . f b d . f b d
M
>
u c
V V
STRUNET
One-Way Shear Check for Spread Footing
Two way
Shear
option to use
shear
reinforcement?
N.G., increase footing
depth d or f'
c
Repeat
Check
two way
shear is o.k.
Proceed to
reinforcement
NO YES
YES
ACI 11.12.1.2
( ) ( ) 2 +
o
b b d l d = + +

b & l are column
width and lenght
ACI 9.3.2.3
ACI 11.12.3
ACI 11.12.3.1 ACI 11.12.3.2
YES NO
ACI 11.5.6.2
ACI 11.1.2
N.G. increase footing
depth d or f'
c
YES
NO
Repeat
Check
NO
L
B
l+d
b
+
d
100
'
c
f psi
c
V
=
c
l
b
| |
= +
|
\ .
| |
= +
|
\ .
=
4
2
2
4
'
c c o
c
' s
c c o
o
'
c c o
V f b d
d
V f b d
b
V f b d
u
V
=0 85 .
>
u c
V V
> 2
'
c c o
V f b d
=
v y
s
A f d
V
s
s u c
V =V - V
6
'
u c o
V f b d >
STRUNET
Two-Way Shear Check for Spread Footing
YES
use deeper
section or higher
strength
NO
NO
ACI 10.5.2
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO YES
ACI 10.2.7.3
ACI 8.4.3
ACI 10.3.3
YES
proceed to rebar
development
ACI 7.12.2
ACI 10.3.3
ACI 10.2.7.3
see M
u
calculations
ACI 9.3.2.1
NO
u
M
=
2
u
Mu
R
bd
= 0 9 .

0 85 2
1 1
0 85
c u
req' d
y c
. f R
f . f

req' d min

req' d max
=1 33
req' d
.
<
Min
=1 33
req' d
.
use
Min
=
= =
min
s s min
A bd A bh
finding
min
> 60 ksi ?
y
f
> 60 ksi ?
y
f
60, 000
0.0018
min
y
f

=

0.002
min
= 0.0018
min
=
min
MAX b
=0.75
1
0 85 87 000
87 000
c
b
y y
. f ,
f , f

=

+

4000
c
f psi
finding
max
=
1
0 85 .
c
1
f - 4000
=0.85 - 0.05 0.65
1000

STRUNET
Area of Reinforcement
for Spread Footing
c=one-half bar spacing , or
center of bar to the nearest
concrete surface, which is smaller
ACI 12.2.4
ACI 12.2.3
ACI 318-95
12.2.3
ACI 12.2.3
Rebar
Development
k
tr
=0.0 for footing
+
2 5
tr
b
c k
.
d
1 7 .
100
c
f psi
=
+
3
40
y
d b
tr
c
b
f
l d
c k
f
d
=
=
0 8 for bar size 6 or smaller.
1 0 for bar size 7 or larger.
.
.
=
=
=
1 0 , normal weight concrete.
1 3 , light weight concrete, if is not s pecified.
6 7
1 0 , light weight concrete, if is speci fied
ct
c ct
ct
.
. f
.
f . f
f
= 1.5 Epoxy coated w/ cover < 3db and cl ear spacing < 6db
= 1.5 all other epoxy coated
= 1.5 uncoated
=1.3 fresh concrete below bars is more t han 12"

=1.0 fresh concrete below bars is 12" or less
STRUNET
Rebar Development
ACI 15.8
Bearing strength
of column
Bearing strength
of footing
select dowels
reinforcement
the largest
ACI 15.8.1.1
ACI 15.8.2.1
ACI 15.8.1.2
YES NO
for
compression
force only
Proceed to
dowels
development
ACI 10.17.1
the least
ACI 10.17.1
=
=
1
0 7 ACI 9.3.2.4
A bl
.
> 2
cc cf
f f
=
=
footing
column
cf c
cc c
f f
f f
[ ]
=
2
1
1
0 85
nb cf
A
P ( . f A )
A
=
1
0 85
nb cc
P ( . f A )
=
1
1 19
nb cf
P . f A
=
1
0 595
nb cc
P . f A
nb
P
=
u nb
s
y
P P
A
f
=
1
0 005
min
s
A . A
prov' d
s
A
=
req' d
prov' d
s
r
s
A
k
A
2
1
2 0
A
.
A
( )
=max
req' d min
s s s
A A ,A
u nb
P P >
STRUNET
Forces Transfer at Column/Footing Interface
col. bars are #14
or #18 and in
compression only?
dowel comp. lap
splice l
s
use larger number of
smaller size dowels, or
increase footing depth
STOP. dowels are
fully developed.
development is
the largest of
Repeat
Check
ACI 15.8.2.3
col. bar (d
b
14 &
18) develop. length
ACI 15.8.2.3
ACI 12.3.2
ACI 12.16.1
ACI 12.3.2
ACI 12.3.3.1
dowels
development
into footing
l
1
into column
l
2
NO
YES
NO YES
NO YES
the largest
NO
YES
l
2
l
1
= column rebar
& dowels
yc y
f f
=
0 02
0 0003
b yc
db b yc
cc
. d f
l . d f
f
=
0 02
0 0003
b yc
db b yc
cf
. d f
l . d f
f
60
y
f ksi
= > 0 0005 12
s b yc
l . d f "
( )
= > 0 0009 24 12
s yc b
l . f d " =
d r db
l k l
=
0 02
0 0003
b yc
db b yc
cc
. d f
l . d f
f
<3000
c
f psi
=1 33
s s
l . l =
s s
l l
s
l
>
d ava
l l
= 6
ava
l h
( )
2
max
s db
l l ,l =
STRUNET
Column Dowels Development

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Introduction to Spread Footing Design Flow Charts

= ratio of tension reinforcement.

=1.3 fresh concrete below bars is more t han 12"

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