VN MINH N

Nhm I: Tinh Hoa Click to edit Master subtitle style

5/3/12

Ni dung
I.

iu kin hnh thnh nn vn minh

1. 2.

iu kin t nhin a l dn c

II. III.

Lch s c trung i n Cc thnh tu ni bt

1. 2. 3. 4.

Ch vit Vn hc Ngh thut Khoa hc t nhin

IV.

Tn gio

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I. iu kin hnh thnh nn vn minh

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1. iu kin t nhin

L bn o ng Pha bc b chn bi dy Hymalaya, pha cn li bao quanh bi bin Ranh gii 2 min: dy ni Vinya Min Bc c 2 con sng Sng n: chia thnh 5 nhnh => vng Pungiap (vng 5 sng) Sng Hng

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Click icon to ad d picture

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Ancient India map

a l dn c

Gm 2 chng tc chnh: ngi ravia (min Nam), ngi Arya (min Bc). Ngi Hy lp, Hung N, A rp => dn dn c ng ha => vn chng tc ht sc phc tp

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II. Lch s c trung i n (4 thi k)

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1.

Thi k vn minh lu vc sng n (u TNK II n gia TNK II TCN)

2 thnh ph Harappa v Mhenj ar c nh nc => vn ha Harappa

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2.

Thi k Va (t gia TNK II n TNK I TCN)

V a l g??? Ti sao li gi tn nh vy???

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Click icon to ad d picture

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Bn nn vn minh Va

3.

n t TK VI TCN n TK XII: giai on 1

a.

(Giai on 1)Cc quc gia min Bc n v s xm lc ca Alchxngdr Maknia

Min Bc n : bao gm 16 nc, mnh nht l nc Magaa (h lu sng Hng) Nm 327 TCN, sau khi tiu dit Ba T, Alchxngdr Maknia tn cng n => tht bi

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3.

n t TK VI TCN n TK XII: giai on 2

b.

Vng triu Mrya (321 187 TCN)

Phong tro u tranh gii phng chng li s chim ng ca Maknia Th lnh: Sandragupta, bit hiu l Mrya (chim cng) Triu i mi c thnh lp l triu i huy hong nht trong lch s n c i

Thi Axca (273 236 TCN) Vng triu Mrya t n cng thnh nht o Pht ra i => tr thnh quc gio Nm 28 TCN => vng triu b dit vong

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3.

n t TK VI TCN n TK XII: giai on 3

c.

Nc Cusan

Tnh hnh t nc: b chia ct trm trng Xut hin tc Cusan (TK I cng huyt thng vi ngi Tuc) Nh vua: Canixa Thi k hng thnh ca Pht gio Th k V => dit vong

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3.

n t TK VI TCN n TK XII: giai on 4

Vng triu Gupsta v Hcsa . TK III: t nc li b chia ct . Nm 320: vng triu Gpta c thnh lp (min Bc v min Trung n ) . Nm 500 528: min Bc b ngi Eptali xm lc . Nm 535: vng triu Gupsta b dit vong . Nm 606: Thnh lp vng triu Hacsa min Bc n . Nm 648: Hacsa mt => quc gia tan r 5/3/12 . TK XI: Vng triu Hi gio Apganixtan tn
d.

3.

n t TK VI TCN n TK XII: giai on 4

d. . .

Vng triu Gupsta v Hcsa Thnh tu ni bt v vn ha trng trt. Thi k ny nn vn minh n li cho nhn loi mt khi lng cc di sn khng l.

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4.

n t th k XIII XIX

a.

Thi k Xutan li (1206 1526)

Min Bc n b tch thnh nc ring ng li Tri qua 5 vng triu Nm 1526: Mng C chim c li => thnh lp vng triu mi Mgn Nm 1849: n tr thnh thuc a ca Anh Nm 1857: vng triu Mgn b dit vong.

b.

Thi k Mgn (1526 1857)

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III. Nhng thnh tu

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1.

Ch vit

Xut hin t thi Harappa Pht hin c hn 3000 con du khc ch ha, c 22 du c bn => dng ng trn cc kin hng Ch c vit t phi sang tri Khong TK V, xut hin ch mi l Kharosthi (phng theo ch Lng H) => xut hin ch Brami => Ch vanagari => Ting Xanxcrit (ang dng hin nay).

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Bng s Kharosthi

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Bng ch Kharosthi

Ch Brahmi khc trn ct

2.

Vn hc

Rt pht trin Hai b phn quan trng: Va v s thi

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2.

Vn hc

a. . .

Va Vn ngha l hiu bit Gm 4 tp:

Rich Va, Xama Va, Atcva Va : phn nh tnh hnh ngi Arya trn vo n , th tc tan r, u tranh vi hn thin tai v Yagiva Va: gm cc bi ch, ti phong ph nh ch ng cp, vic hnh qun, cha bnh, nh bc v tnh yu

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Lin quan n Va cn c: Bramana (Phn th), Araniaca (sch rng rm)

2.

Vn hc
S thi:

b.

Hai b s thi rt s Mahabharata v Ramayana c truyn ming t u thin nin k I TCN => chp li bng khu ng => cc th k u cng nguyn th c dch sang ting Xancrit

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Mahabharata

Gm 18 chng v 1 chng b sung L b s thi di nht th gii => c coi l i bch khoa ton th v vn ha truyn thng, truyn thuyt Ch : cuc u tranh trong ni b ca mt dng h vng min Bc n Chim v tr quan trng trong trit hc v tn gio

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Mt trang din t Trn chin Kurukshetra trong Mahabharata

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"Ci g khng tm thy trong Mahabharata th cng khng th tm thy c n "

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C VII chng, tc gi l Vanmiki Ch : cu chuyn tnh yu gia hong t Rama v ngi v chung thy Sita

S thi Ramayana

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Hong t Rama giao chin vi qu vng Ravana

5/3/12 Ra-ma v Xi-ta on t

Ra-ma

Nhng tc phm ca Calidaxa

Calidaxa l nh th v nh son kch ln nht thi Gupta (th k V). Tc phm tiu biu nht ca ng l v kch Scuntla. Nm 1957, ng c Hi ng ha bnh th gii t chc k nim.

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Cc tc phm vn hc vit bng cc phng ng

T cui th k X v sau, ngoi vn hc Xanxcrt xut hin nhiu tc phm vn hc vit bng cc loi phng ng khc nhau. Dng ngn ng dn gian, s dng nhiu cht liu trong ngn ng dn gian, phn nh c tm t nguyn vng ca qun chng.
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Tulsidas (1497/1532 1623) Ngi dch thin trng ca Ramayana sang ting Indi

Ngh thut Kin trc, iu khc.

Ngh thut to hnh

Kin 5/3/12

trc thi Harappa ( u thin k III n gia

Tr Asoka Vaishali

Kin trc, iu khc

Thp ln Sanchi

Cao 16,5m; mi hng c cc ph iu m t phong cnh trch t cuc i ca c Pht, t nhng ln sinh ra trc kia ca c Pht v t lch s s khai ca Pht gio. Thp ln do hong ngi Mauryan, Asoka (272-235 TCN) xy dng gia th k 3 TCN.

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Tr Sarnath

Tr ngy nay ti vin bo tng Sarnath

Tr c bn u s t c vua Asoka cho khc dng ti thnh a Sarnath, khi nh vua n chim bi thnh tch ny. Tr ny cao 50 feet (15.24 mt). Trn tr c khc ch d ca vua Asoka rng Khng ai c gy chia r trong tng on.
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Tem

Quc huy

Tin xu v tin giy

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H chiu v Quc k

Ta th c quan nh nc
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Nc nh cc t chc chnh quyn v c quan ngoi giao n nc ngoi

T hp cha hang Ajanta

Nhng ngi cha ny bt u c c khc vo th k th II TCN v kt thc vo th k th VII TCN. Tt c c 30 ngi cha, ngy nay ngi ta gi tn theo s. T ngi cha I cho n ngi cha XXX. c UNESCO cng nhn l Di sn vn ha th gii vo nm 1983.

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iu khc

Chnh in mt cha trong Ajanta

Tng pht tc theo phong cch Mt Tng

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 y l mt qun th ng cc

honh trng, c 34 ng vi 12 n th o Pht, 17 n th Hindu v 5 n Jain. c UNESCO cng nhn l Di sn vn ha th gii vo nm 1983

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Tj Mahal l mt lng m nm ti Agra. Hong Mgol Sha Jahan (gc Ba T, ln ngi nm 1627) ra lnh xy n cho ngi v yu du ca mnh l Mumtaz mahal. Cng vic xy dng bt u nm 1632 v hon thnh nm 1648. 5/3/12 c UNESCO lit vo Danh sch a im Di sn th gii


Thnh ng Taj Mahal

ng i bn ngoi

Shah Jahan

5/3/12 Bn trong

thnh ng

Ngh thut to hnh xa Cn--la l mt Ngy

trung tm vn ho ngh thut Pht gio. Trong th k th 1, 2, Pht gio i tha cng bt u xut hin ti y. Phn ln cc hnh nh ca Pht c tc trn , nhc li cc tin thn v tiu s ca ngi.

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Tng thn Visnu

Tng thn Brahm a Tng thn Shiva

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Khoa hc t nhin

Thin vn. Ton hc. Vt l hc. Y dc hc.

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Thin vn

Ngi n bit chia mt nm lm 12 thng, mi thng 30 ngy, mi ngy 30 gi, c 5 nm th thm 1 thng nhun. Bit c qu t, mt trng u hnh cu, qu o mt trng v ngy trng trn, trng khuyt. Tc 5/3/12 phm Thin vn hc c nht ca n l quyn Xitdanta (th k V TCN)

Ton Hc
Sng to ra 10 ch s c s dng ngy nay. Tnh c chnh xch s = 3,1416; pht minh ra i s hc. Bit tnh din tch hnh vung, hnh ch nht, hnh tam gic v a gic, bit c quan h gia cc c 5/3/12 nh ca tam gic vung.

GS Ng Bo Chu nhn gii thng Fields t Tng thng n Pratibha Patil ti l khai mc i hi

Vt l hc
Nu ra thuyt nguyn t. Bit c sc ht ca Tri t. Qu t, do trng lc ca n, ht tt c mi vt v n.

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Cc tp Veda l nhng tc phm v y hc v dc hc c nht. Nhng thy thuc ni ting thi k ny l Sushruta, Saraca.

Y dc hc

Tng Sushruta

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