1  . ! "  # 1

Chapter 1: Nouns and Articles

1.1 Article (
 ) 
a, an, the
a (
12 an) 3

Indefinite Article
The
3

Definite Article
Indefinite Article (=a, an) :
 2; <  1=2
3>! =3 ? 
Definite Article (=the) :
  1=22:@;    A3

B=
:
B=21= A3
2A
= A3
  
 A3

3>!2 :

CThere is a book on the table.'

12

!=2A
I (
3=3

@;3


 !: a)
CThe book that you want is on the table.'

12
=MN22A
I (:@;
=MN2 !: the)

3
 :@; O :

Cthe book on the tableP
12
 2A
I
Cthe book that you wantP
12
=MN2
'the man whom you saw' RA:=MN
 (RA:)
'the house that Jack built' 
=  ()
3

3 There is + a (an) 

: the +  =3 ? 
:
 There is a car in front of my house.
>
!= 2A

@
There is a cat which is white and golden.
 33
!= V32

Exercise 1.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

89:; a, an 9=: #!>!":?;

@ > the A!B
>!>!"
_________ chair which you are sitting on is not comfortable.
There is _________ pen on the desk.
There is _________ customer outside who whishes to see Mr. Smith.
_________ customer whom Mr. Smith telephoned this morning is here now.
I want to fine _________ good friend who can die for me.
_________ girl whom you saw yesterday is my sister.
I saw _________ girl walking with him.
Do you see _________ house on your left?
_________ book that you want to read is on the table.
Have you _________ cigarette?
_________ cigarette which you are smoking has a strong odor.



  
 
 


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12.
13.
14.
15.

She wants to buy _________ new dress.

_________ new dress that she bought is yellow.
She also bought _________ new handbag.
_________ handbag which I lost is made of leather.

1.2 Articles, II
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
;1=2:<gh : article 
 !
 (noun)
22 2 ;3
i
? 12
 (Countable Noun)

 j!= > 3
!=, 2,  , =O 
:
 pen(s), boy(s), box(es)
# (uncountable Noun)
 
A
 :
 2l =2g;, 2
12>2

:
 poverty (3 ), furniture (1=212), scenery (B3l<) 
I?#"@##J :
 V3, , A
, , , 12 
 g>  3 2g:= M :
 two glasses of water

12 hNV2M
2 :
 two lumps of sugar (22)
#8"# 
1. 2

 2. 3B: 3. 
mM
 ?
4. j 5. V2
3 6.  m :
 
12 3 - darkness 3 1, learning
 
1.3 # @ >
:I
! #" article
 

12 ;
A; < 
2 article 3
:@; (: the 
)
:

1. CWater is necessary for life.P  
2:3B
2. 'The water is this glass is dirty.' 3
3. 'Books are real friends.P
12;1=2
4. 'The books in this library are all new.'
12
2 M



Exercise 1.2 89:; the A #!>!" @ > - @=B#:
:I
!
1. _________ fresh air is necessary for everyone.
2. _________ air in this room is not fresh.
3. We need _________ good light in our classroom.
4. _________ light in this room is not good.
5. There is _________ poverty in every country.



  
 
 


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6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

_________ poverty in that country is very great.

_________ vegetables contain many vitamins.
_________ vegetables which I like best are cabbages and onions.
He likes _________ sports of all kinds.
_________ sports which I like most are fishing and shooting.

1.4 Articles, IV : 9O the @ >:9O the

 (Proper Name)  ! article :

CThey left London for New York.' ;3V22 22B32<

:1=2@;V22
j!=2: the 
 2
(1) &'()*+ !,-( ./0 /-1- :

the Sudan (3jA)
the Transvaal (3j3)
(2) /2345, 4 7
the Pacific Ocean
the Atlantic (Ocean)
(3) &)89
the Chao Praya (River)
the (River) Nile
(4) /:
the West Indies, the Philippines
(5) 4-
the Alps, the Rockies, the Himalayas
(6)
5
the Tayan Chon (12:),
the Queen Elizabeth (1232Bj)
!8 (6) JB: H.M.S. (His MajestyVs Ship) #" the :
 H.M.S. Lew Lom
(7)
5 4; j!=
>!3
A
:
 
{ 
g; (    of 2A
:1=23) :

the United States (of America) the Kingdom of Thailand,
the Union of Burma,
the United Kingdom
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(:1=23
2  article :
 Asia, Europe, America)
@#JB:OA;W (eastern, northen, western, southern)A9O?Y=W
 ?>
:OA?>W #"9O the :

'The silk from northeastern Thailand is excellent.'

j!=  g322@
12V2l =
(3 1=2  part 
 2  the :
 the western part
(8)  .
 the =1'95!14!1-=8)23 (Superlative degree) &7 '9&2 79=14!
'He is the best boy in his class.' V=M:
'He is the second boy to go.' V=2= 
'He was born on the fifteenth of June.' VB3= 15 B>M
3:1=2
V>
 the :
 'He lives on Fifth Avenue.' V2A
>= 5



  
 
 


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(9)  .
 the )9/)
4;/5D'*+ 5!
4; :


'The sun rise the east.' 32B<V!Bl322
CHe came from the South.' V  g
(:1=2Blj!= ::1=2g 2VV!33
i
)
(10)  .
 the )9/)
'5 )5!
'He likes to play the violin' (the piano, the trumpet, etc.)
(11)  .
 the )9/)
2G)4!29'=04!H)2I5, & / 23 ID=,JK
5 D)5K 5 &5 
) the Noveltel, The National Museum, The SFX cenema,
&7 2G)4!!
2! /5 2G)4!4 4!(!
2! 
) The House {g,
The Golden Bridge
(12)  .
 the )9/)2G1=), :7)I,  'K5 M 
) The Supanimit Foundation
ABmB , The Asian Institute >3B  
@#JA!OA== #"; the :

Chulalongkorn University, Buckingham Palace 
(13)  .
 the )9/)O=)I3K, 2 5 PQK, 5 :7
, O7, )237 
)
the Smiths, the telephone 3 3 television 
 the 
3BM2: a radio
the rose, the tiger 
(14) 
 article =1
5=Q
S:
8/5
(=)29'=0 4;4
2()2I5,

G))
T=35=2 2G)4!)=1 M 2()2=(K 4(! 5 4; 5=Q  5 5!) (47=
/(47= ( (!) 2()2=(K ;2) 7=4I 
)

5=Q:
'He came from Illinois.' V  2BB2

S::
'My grandmother hates winter.'
MN
A
3

8/5:
'He has breakfast at seven every day.'
V2
3 7 . M 12

(=)29'=0:
'What do you plan to do on Christmas Day?'
MN3
 23B< 
4;4 :
'The wind blows from north to south.'
 ; 
12

2()2I5, : 'LetPs go to Lumpini Park.' =3M ;B

G)):
'He lives on Ratdamnern Avenue.' V2A
=>:B
(15) 
 the =1
DP 
)
'Ladda speaks English very well.'

> 3
 language 
2 2: the 
 2 :

'It isnPt difficult to study the English language.'

= gh2h



  
 
 


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(16) 
 the )9/)
!W &7 55 49 doing, shopping 
)
CHe likes to play football.'(pingpong, chess, etc.)
CShe likes shopping and pantingP.
Note; 
;A;:
1. 3 have a/an noun  2 :
 have a cold   3
 

3 have influenza V
3 have rheumatism 3V2
2. the 
 10 
12 100  :
 the 1970s, the centaury, the decade
3. 
:1=2 


:1=2 
: article :
 Mr.Brown, King Henry,
Captain Sean 
Exercise 1.3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

\=BAOA]
>A"9O the
@ >=BOA]
>A#9O the
He went to _________ Songkhla yesterday.
When you go to _________ Korat, be sure to visit _________ Prasat-Hin-Pimai.
Bangkok City is _________ biggest city in _________ Thailand. New York City is
_________ biggest city in _________ United States and in _________ world.
_________ oil is found in _________ eastern part of _________ Texas.
Does he live on _________ Payatai Street near _________ Petburi Street?
New York City is in _________ state of _________ New York and at the mouth of
_________ Hudson River.
Is _________ English more difficult than _________ French?
Some of them say that _________ English language is more difficult than
_________ French language.
_________ traffic on _________ Yaowarat Street is very heavy nowadays.
_________ Soviet Union is rich in _________ natural resources.
On our trip to _________ South America, we plan to stop off at _________
Dominican Republic.
_________ Rumania has _________ oil fields but _________ oil is of rather poor
quality.
_________ rivers of _________ eastern part of _________ Union of Burma flow
towards _________ Indian Ocean.
_________ Pra-Wiharn Mountain is in _________ Panom Dongreg Ranges.
_________ longest river in _________ Thailand is _________ Chao Praya.



  
 
 


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Exercise 1.4
___ 1.
___ 2.
___ 3.
___ 4.
___ 5.
___ 6.
___ 7.
___ 8.
___ 9.
___ 10.
___ 11.
___ 12.
___ 13.
___ 14.
___ 15.
___ 16.
___ 17.
___ 18.
___ 19.
___ 20.
___ 21.
___ 22.

1=2
>A
V2=>A RB
V2=RB

V
>A2
The oil is found in the northern part of Thailand.
A bananas are famous in Thailand.
Do you prefer coffee or tea?
However, a coffee in this cup smells bad.
At times everyone must take medicine.
How about a medicine which the doctor prescribed?
Cotton is one of the most important products of the Northeast.
A cotton in my shirt is excellent.
Bangkok buses are very hot in the summer.
The climate of northern Thailand is said to be better.
Fire is useful in many ways.
A fire which broke out yesterday started on a third floor.
Drinking water often varies in taste according to locality
Communism is the name of the government.
The Buddhists respect a monk.
A Kingdom of Thailand is in an Asia.
He has an influenza, but I have a cold.
Peter went to zoo while Jim went to hotel.
I listened to a radio, and she watched a television.
Do you want to see a Time Square in USA?
He lives on first Avenue on a third floor.
They enjoy music. Especially I enjoyed music that I heard last night.


-     

- 3 
V2: a, an  - 
: article
- :1=2=2: the  3
V2: @;  



  
 
 


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Chapter 2: Tenses/1
2.1 Present & Past Simple, I
I?;  (verb from)
Present simple  2B s =B >m2; <
(3 I  you) :
 CHe sings.'; 'Dang walks.'; 'It goes.', etc.
Past simple :B:
2=2 2 :
 'He sang.'; 'I sang.'; 'They sang.';
'He walked.', etc.
 tense 
3 1=2 Bm (negative), >
(interrogative)
12> Bm (negative), > (interrogative),
12
> Bm (negative interrogative) 2: verb to do V:
3 j!=2 

do
12 does
12 did 3

N
Do
: 1=2BB  :
2= 1 
 s
Does : 1=2BB  :
2= 1  s
Did
: 1=2BB  :
2= 2
Note :  1=2: do, does, did V:
33 2ABB 
:
2= 1
(infinitive) :

1. I think I am right.
Do you think I am right?
I do not think I am right.
I donPt think I am right.
DonPt you think I am right?
2. He goes to school every day.
Does he go to school every day?
He does not go to school every day.
He doesnPt go to school every day.
DoesnPt he go to school every day?
3. He went to school yesterday.
Did he go to school yesterday?
He did not go to school yesterday.
He didnPt go to school yesterday.
DidnPt he go to school yesterday?
 # (Contractions)
do not

2 donPt (I)
does not 
2 doesnPt (Ij!=
12 Bj!=)
did not

2 didnPt (B2!)



  
 
 


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2.2 Present and Past Simple, II

: present simple tense  1=2
1. >B (action)   I#?Y?>!B98>A
I


122j!=B2A
M3, M
<, M12, M,

2 ?,  2 ? B  
22A
 12
always
( 2)
sometimes ()
generally (=3 ? )
rarely
(

)
nowadays ( M)
often
(
2 ? )
frequently (
2, >=)
usually
(B)
every day (M3)
every week (M
<)
once a week (
<)
twice a month (12 2 ) etc.
2. 9O present simple : lmA"?Y!;"  :

CThe earth moves round.' the sun.  232B<
CThe sun rises in the east.P ;2B<V!Bl322
CSome animals eat plant.' 3<:BB;1:
3. 9O past simple tense A
BV!2 ( 3
2;A)
B 2 23= past 3 2A
3 :

yesterday
lastweek
last month
last year
ago
once
in B.E. 2512
in 1969
etc.
4. 9O Past Simple @ Present Simple A@A"A= B?Y;
: =  I#9
'When I was young, I liked the blue shirt.'  1=2  @:212:B
V2 j!= 3
 always, sometimes, often, usually, every day, etc. 2 
present simple
12 past simple  
 23= past 3 2A
3 :

1. 'He goes to school every day.'
2. 'He went to school every day last week.'
3. 'He went to school every day when he was young.'
= 1.
3 >= (every day) 

 past 
!:present simple (goes)
= 2.
3 >= (every day) 
 last week j!= past
 !: past simple (went)
= 3.
3 >= (every day) 
 when he was young
j!=V23  past  B !: past simple (went)



  
 
 


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Exercise 2.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
15.
16.
17.
18.

2.3

!"@ ?> = Present Simple  Past Simple

!"? A 898=AJI" !AB:9:
Yesterday I ( walk / walked ) around Lumpini Park.
Are you happy to ( know / knew ) your grade?
Did she ( has / had ) the close freind when she was young?
I (has / had / have) the puppy when I was young.
My father used to ( be / is / was ) a business man.
She ( like / likes / liked ) ice cream.
( Do / Does / Did ) she ( work / works / worked ) in ABC Company?
She ( do / does / did ) not have any brothers or sisters.
How (do / does / did ) you ( go / goes / went ) to the market yesterday?
I usually ( write / writes / wrote / written ) with a black pen when I was young?
She ( has / have / had ) the big house ten years ago.
Before Anan ( buy / buys / bought ) a new watch, he had lost his old one.
This morning Therra ( cry / cried / cries ) because his cat was lost.
Everday I ( stand / stands / stood ) near Peter.
Linda ( buy / bought / buys ) a ring.
A fruit seller ( sell / sold / sells ) fruits.
Why (do / does / did ) not he ( come / came / comes ) three days ago.
Supath and Jinda ( is / am / are / was / were ) friends forever.
After severely arguing, Supath and Jinda ( use / uses / used ) to be friends.
Every life (need / needed / needs) food.
Water ( boil / boils / boiled ) at 100 celcius.

Present Progressive (Continuous)

I?; A9O9 tense = is, am, are + ;  ing
:
 CHe is going.', 'I am going.', 'They are going.'
: present progressive  1=2
1. 
MN<B2A
VN=;A ?
:
 CWe are playing football (now)P ;3
M2
2. :
33
!==
 B 
:
 CWe are doing homework.P ;3
3. 1=2=
:
B 3 
  Present Simple ( )
:
 CWe are visiting our aunt.P ;3= V2 (
 )



  
 
 


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2.4

Present Simple VS Present Progressive (Continuous)

: present simple >
3=3 ?  
: present continuous >

MN<j!=B2A
B ? VN;A
CDo you understand what the lecturer is saying?'
MNV B==RA;A2A

12

CDid you see my hat anywhere?'
MN

3V2@=

12

CNo, I am looking for mine.'


 R 
V2R

Note : (1) BA (verb of perception) 

: continuous tense :

hear, see, love, like, hate, etc. (:; present simple)
:
 CHe is loving you.' RB  'He loves you.'
(2) Bj!=  adverb of frequency 3 >= 22A


: continuous tense 2: present simple
:
 RB: He is going to school every day.
>A: He goes to school every day.
(3) M
B
2 
:ABB ing
B2 like, love, hate, want, need, prefer
BV A 
know, realize, suppose, mean, understand, believe,
remember
B;Blh
belong, fit, ,contain, consist, seem

Exercise 2.2 9O Present Simple @ > Present Continuous Tense
!"B=A": JI :8JI @ >B=A": o; :8o;
_____ 1. When the curtain is rising we are seeing Joe sitting on a fallen tree.
_____ 2. Why are you walking so fast? You usually walks slowly.
_____ 3. She always borrow money from me and never remember to pay me back.
_____ 4. What are you looking at?
_____ 5. What he doing to his car now?



  
 
 


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_____ 6. How do Dang goes to school?

_____ 7. This story is about a boy who makes friends with a snake which he
is finding in his garden.
_____ 8. Do you feel sorry for her?
_____ 9. No, please looking at her. She laughs over there with her new friend.
_____ 10. I am waiting for the shop to open.
_____ 11. Buses usually runs along this street, but today they donVt run.
_____ 12. She usually sits at the back of the class but today she is sitting in
the front row.
_____ 13. I rarely carry an umbrella, but I carry one now because it is raining.
_____ 14. Anong is still doing her homework. Her sister, who always works more
quickly, plays in the garden.
_____ 15. He generally come to my office every day, but today he is visiting his
parents in the country.



  
 
 


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Chapter 3 Tenses/2
3.1 Past Continuous Tense
I?; A9O9 tense  = was (were) + ;  ing
:
 CHe was going.', 'Dang was going.', 'They were going.'
: 9O
1. : 1=2  32 3 3 at + 3 + 2 :
 at this time yesterday,
this night yesterday, at 5 pm last week, etc.
:
 CI was waiting for you at 8 oPclock yesterday.P
2. : past continuous tense  1=2
**
MN<B
2 B
2 >!2
**
1. 
MN<=B2A

2
: past continuous

2. 
MN<=BV!g
: past simple
:
 CShe was reading books when I knocked the door.P
m22

12  1=2 @A
**
N=
MN< 2 BB
2 22
3. : Past Simple  Past Simple
:
 CI smiled and waved to John.P
@B  12
 2
<
4. 
N=
MN< B;2  33
: Past Continuous  Past Continuous
:
 CIt rained when I was walking home.'
 VN=R B
'I walked around and John said HI.'
@B>3 2
< 3
 3
'I opened the door; Jim was sleeping while Lin was working.'
@A; B 2
B

Exercise 3.1 : 9O Past Simple @ > Past Continuous

!"? A ; 9" p9:JI"
1. I lit the fire at six oPclock and it (burn) brightly when Dang came in.
2. I (make) a cake when the light went out. I had to finish it in the dark.



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

3. He (have) a bath when the phone rang.

4. As I (cross) the road I (step) on a banana skin and (fall) heavily.
5. When I came in they (sit) round the fire.
Dang (read) a magazine, Ladda (knit), the others (listen) carefully to the radio.
Dang (smile) at me and (say) hello to me.

6. While the guests (dance), the thieves (break) into the house and (steal) at lot of fur coats.
7. The next day as they (know) that the police (look) for them, they (hide) the coats in
the woods and (go) off the town.
8. I looked over the wall and (see) Dang. He (plant) cabbages and (be) too busy to
speak to me.
9. I (wash) my hands when the phone (ring).
10. He (watch) television when his friend (arrive).
11. What you (do) when I (knock) at the door a moment ago?
12. Mary (sew) while John (mend) the radio.
13. The bus (crash) while the driver (look) the other way.
14. When I (see) him he (paint) a portrait of his wife. You (like) it?
15. As soon as she (see) me, she (wave) her umbrella and (shout) something. But I
couldnPt hear what she (say) because people (make) a loud noise.



  
 
 


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Exercise 3.2

 Present Simple - Past Continuous - Past Simple

!":=Bo;! AB:9:

1. I used to be an engineer, but now I was a manager.

A
B
2. Last night Sunee called her friends when I saw her.
A
B
3. The students always send homeworks and reviewed their lesson.
A
B
4. The bicycle had been invented before the car is made.
A
B
5. She liked shopping when she is young.
A
B
6. Do you had to leave us yesterday when we were in the cinema?
A
B
7. Robert loved Linda and they will marry soon.
A
B
8. Animal must eat food as we needed food as well.
A
B
9. Yesterday I found many bats that ate fruits and insects.
A
B
10. The careless driver crushed another car when he nod yesterday.
A
B
11. When I was walking a day ago, I was seeing the amazing event.
A
B
12. While Thana was shopping, Anita telephoning.
A
B



  
 
 


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Chapter 4 Tenses (3)

4.1

Present Perfect Tense

; A9O tense  = have (has) + ; O#"A
'He has gone.', 'Dang has gone.', 'They have gone.'
: present perfect tense  1=2
1. 
MN<B2 
B1=2  >! M (VN;A)
:
 CHe has been here since last year.'
V2A
== 
 (VNV2A
==)
CThey have lived here for three yeas.'
;3V2A
== 3 3 3 (VN;3V2A
==)
CHe has never been abroad.'
V
 122 (VNV
 122)
CShe has had a difficult life.'


2 :3B2i23 (VN

2 :3Bi)
2. : present perfect tense 
MN<=;B= 
(
12 R2A
 V2RA;A)
   adverb 
212 already, yet, just 3 2A
3
:
 CThe train has just arrived.'
CThe train has not arrived yet.'
'The train has already arrived.'
CI have seen this film before.'

4.2

Present Perfect & Past Simple


: present perfect 
MN<j!=
32 ?
12
MN<j!= 3
j!= 3
2 : present perfect 
 (2: past simple)
ago,
at that time,
yesterday,
last week,
last month,
in 1994, at Christmas, etc.
;B N
2
1. CHe lived here from 1991 until 1994.P (VNV
2A
==)
2. 'He has lived here for three years.P (VNV2A
==)
3. 'He lived here for three years.P
(VNV
2A
==)



  
 
 


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Exercise 4.1

A" Past Simple @ > Present Perfect

!"? A ; 9O#"#"9::> Tense AB:9:
1. This is my house. How long you (live) here? I (live) here since 1994.
2. He is now in Bangkok . He (live) here for five years.
3. Soontorn Poo (write) Pra-Apai-Mani in the reign of King Rama III.
4. I (not read) all of Soontorn PooPs works yet.
5. My sister (just finish) reading one of her books.
6. I (not see) him for years. I wonder where he is.
7. He (not smoke) for two years. He is trying to give it up.
8. You (lock) the door before you left?
9. I canPt go out because I (not finish) my home work.
10. You (ever drink) whisky? Well, have some now.

4.3

For @ > Since

/7= for H)(74!!'(( (a period of time) /5 5,- (7
/7= since H)T3/)+ - (7 (a point of time) /5
- (7 4!H)5,
:

CHe has lived here for two years.' V2A
==3 2 
'He has lived here since 1994.P V2A
== B= 
1994

Exercise 4.2 A" For + ?;8"  @ > Since + :
1. He has been fishing ___________ two hours.
2. IPve been working in this office ___________ a month.
3. TheyPve been living in Bangkok ___________ 1994.
4. He has been in prison ___________ more than a year.
5. IPve known that ___________ a long time.
6. That man has been standing there ___________ six oPclock.



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

He has lived here ___________ I was a boy.

The kettle has been boiling ___________ ten minutes.
The wireless has been on ___________ sunset.
He has been ill ___________ last week.
He has been studying French ___________ six hours.
Dang has been waiting for Ladda ___________ school was over.
They have been quarrelling ever ___________ they got married.
HePs earned his own living ___________ he left school.
Ladda has been watching television ___________ half an hour.

Exercise 4.3
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

A" Tense !A ":

!";JI:8JI @ >o;:8o;
@89:JI"
I leave home at eight and got there at twelve
He just gone out for a picnic.
She went out ten minutes ago.
I will meet John last June.
I had never met him since last June.
Do you see the moon last night?
IVm visiting my aunt this week.
He use to work at the post office last month.
Somsri always enjoyed seeing movie.
The banana had yellow peel when it is ripe.
What are you do for living?
What do you doing now?
I was walking while Linda was slept.
When Jonathan was driving, he was seeing his friend.
In 1991, he has worked in army.
Since 1991 he worked in army.
Roberto has sold his house when I lived in 1955.
Thomas has sold his old car since I lived in 1995.
Dinosaurs once lives in Thailand.
Thai people had own culture for long time.



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

Chapter 5 : Tenses (4)

5.1 Past Perfect Tense
I?; A9O9 tense  = had + ; O#"A
CHe has spokenO'
CDang had spokenO'
CThey had spokenO'
: tense  1=2
1. 
MN<2
MN<BV!2 
3

: @;# More Past A!>: :mA" Past

MN<: past perfect tense

MN<
: past simple tense
2.  1=2:
MN<3  V23 3
 2=
=M B
2
M
 :
 1. She had studied English before she went to England.


2l!hgh2h
2=

2 Bl2h
2. When we got to the field the football match had already started.
 1=2>!  V
VM2B= 23
NOTE :

:


Past Perfect 2:A

 Past Simple  2 : Past Perfect 2 ?
2
3

12 
: Past Perfect 3
=: 3

 
2M
MN<2 
2
=  22 Past Simle  
CThe car had been invented before the oil was discoverd.'
><>AB
2=   
CThe car had been invented before that time.'
><>AB
2


5.2

Past Perfect & Past Simple

j!= B 2 3 2 (past) A
2;B N3
B3

2=
2 Bj!=
2 (more past) 
: past perfect 
323
!=:
past simple ;1=22=BV!g

Exercise 5.1

A" Past Perfect  Past Simple.

!"? A ; 9" pAB:9:?Y Past Perfect : Past Simple
1. They (go) home after they (finish) their work.
= They went home after they had finished their work.



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

2. She said that she already (see) New York.

3. She just (go) out when I (call) at her house.
4. He (ask) why we (come) so early.
5. We (hear) that a fire (break) out around here.
6. When the plane landed the pilot (find) that one of the wings (be damaged).
7. He (lose) his new book two days after he (buy) it.
8. The patient (die) already when the doctor (arrive).
9. When the policemen (enter) the room the thief already (escape).
10. When we (get) home, night already (fall).

Exercise 5.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A" Tense ":!A 

!":=Bo;!8=AB:9: @ >@89:#9:JI"
Today I am playing football with George, and we are seeing the new field.
A
B
Albert cried yesterday after his lovely cat went away.
A
B
He always get out of the city to live calmly when I saw him last.
A
B
When my nephew had talked to us, we laughted at his joke.
A
B
After my nephew had talked to us, we laugh at his joke.
A
B
The earth has moved around the sun and the moon goes around the earth.
A
B
Have you ever seen a pyramid since we visited Egypt?
A
B



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

8. How do you do? Last week we had seen the new movie.
A
B
9. Since the ancient time, our ancestor used animals working. so have we today.
A
B
10. After we had finished class, we will attend to Sam in the hospital last week.
A
B
11. We bought the new pen yesterday after the ink in the old one depleted.
A
B
12. She is wanting someone to help. Up to now she has moved the table by herself.
A
B
13. Tomorrow we go shopping after everyone has already finished their own homework.
A
B
14. We had already finished our work when the school-bell is ringing.
A
B
15. We have just gone to bed when Linda came back yesterday.
A
B



  
 
 


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Chapter 6 Active and Passive Voices

6.1 s>8" Active @ > Passive
Bj!=2A
 active voice 
BV2mj!=RA (doer)
:
 The cat killed the rat. mV2B killed 12 the cat
j!=RA2 killed  active voice
The rat was killed by the cat. mV2B was killed 12 The rat
>A
 33  was killed  passive voice
6.2 :
1.
2.
3.
4.

A?9? A  active ?Y passive

m subject   object 
=BB B:
2= 3 (past participle) 
: verb to be 
B:
2= 3 : tense 3BB
 object V2 passive 2A

 preposition by
32
 V23  Active Voice  Passive Voice
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
She sings a song.
A song is sung by her.
She sang a song.
A song was sung by her.
She will sing a song.
A song will be sung by her.
The policeman caught the thief.
The thief was caught by the policeman.
Somebody else did it.
It was done by somebody else.
They ate all the cakes.
All the cakes were eaten by them.
I shall do it.
It will be done by me.

Exercise 6.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

!"B; 9I?@ Tense #? 9:?Y Passive

 9O be + ; O#"A 3
Present Simple
OO O O OOOOOOOOOOO
Present Continuous
O O OO O O OOOOOOOOO
Present Perfect
O O OO O O OOOOOOOOO
Past Simple
O O OO O O OOOOOOOOO
Past Continuous
O O OO O O OOOOOOOOO
Past Perfect
O O OO O O OOOOOOOOO
Future Simple
O O OO O O OOOOOOOOO
Future Continuous
O O OO O O OOOOOOOOO
Future Perfect
O O OO O O OOOOOOOOO



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

Exercise 6.2

!"B; AB:9: ?Y ;  Passive Voice

;  Active
;  Passive
go
are gone
does
is done
went
was / were gone
has gone
has been gone
will be
shops
drove
are picking
anticipated
will participate
were joking
make laught
had sent
have lost

6.3 : @? " Pass voice 9?> ==BJ

V2=>
ACTIVE : Did you write this letter?
PASSIVE: Was this letter written by you?
N=
= 3B: ? V ? 
(1) = active > 2

(2) =2

 passive
(3) = passive (12=V2 2) 
> :

32
 : Did you write this letter?
You wrote this letter.
[V= 1]
This letter was written by you.
[V= 2]
2 : Was this letter written by you?
[V= 3]
Exercise 6.3 : 8 !8= Active voice 9:?Y Passive voice
1. I took the book.
The book was taken by me.



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

2. He takes the books.

3. They took the book to school yesterday.
4. He takes the book to school every day.
5. Dang broke that cup.
6. Dang breaks a cup every day.
7. The thief stole a ring last night.
8. Ladda cooked the dinner.
9. The postman delivered the letters.
10. They heard the noise of the explosion.
11. Did you write these letters?
12. Does he take the book to school every day?
13. Did you cook dinner?
14. Does she always sing that song?
15. The grocer sells tea.



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

Chapter 7: Active and Passive Voices (2)

7.1 ?> = Passive Voice A#" by # 8=
 passive  1=2 
22
>!RA
12 
3
RA 

by 22   1=2m 12 some, any, people :
 someone, anyone 
2: by
anyone 
1. That gate hasnPt been used for twenty years.
A
: 3=B3 (No one has used that gate for twenty years.)
2. My watch was stolen last night.
BV2R >AV  1=21 (
2
3>!RA2)
3. Bottles are made of glass.
V333 (
223
RA)
Exercise 7.1 !"? A ?> =#?9:?Y Passive Voice
1. Sunee has bought a new pet lately.
2. Anybody has helped the infured cat.
3. Some painters will paint this old house.
4. A machanic was maintaining my car at noon yesterday.
5. The director called all managers.
6. Mark is playing football.
7. Soldiers had built the bridge before they fought enemies.
8. German military invaded European countries in World War Two.



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

Exercise 7.2 8 8= Passive 9:JI": 

1. The book (take out) by him yesterday.
a. was taken out
b. will take out
c. took out
d. is taken out
2. The government (order) the company to build a bridge.
a. was ordering
b. order
c. has been ordered
d. will be ordered
3. The car (fix) by a machinist because it (break down).
a. was fixed - had broken down
b. fixed - was fixing
c. will fix - break down
d. fix - breaks down
4. Which is not correct?
a. When was the house built?
b. The money stole one of the clients.
c. Susan was known for her cooking.
d. The house was built by John.
5. The furniture (made) of wood, fabrics, and cotton.
a. made
b. is made
c. makes
d. has made
6. Elbert Einstein (know) for his contribution.
a. knows
b. will be known
c. has known
d. was known
7. Pong and Jinda (send) the mail in the post tomorrow.
a. will be sent
b. were sending
c. will send
d. are going to
8. Her dog (groom) because it (show) in the dog contest.
a. had groomed - showed
b. was grooming - showed
c. had been groomed - was shown
c. was being groomed - was shown
9. The newspaper (place) in front of my house at 7.00 am yesterday.
a. is placing
b. was placing
c. was placed
d. was being placed
10. Now the police (arrest) the murderer who (accuse) for killing a victim.
a. arrest - was accused
b. had been arrested - accused
c. are arresting - is accused
d. are arrested - is accused
11. The pressmen (report) the news that the expensive car (steal)
a. report - steals
b. are reported - stolen
c. report - has been stolen
d. reported - is stolen
12. The birth day card ( write) for anyone that (bear) on any days.
a. is written - is born
b. wrote - born
c. has written - has born
d. will write - bears



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

13. AesopPs fables (teach) as moral lessons.

a. are teaching
b. will be taught
c. are taught
d. has taught
14. Nowadays, tutorial schools (find) everywhere, especially around the popular
shopping.
a. can find
b. has found
c. can be found
d. are finding
15. High vitamin C doses (cause) kidney stones, diaherea, and nausea.
a. can be caused
b. will be caused
c. has been caused
d. can cause
16. Panus (build) his home last year, and the house (paint) green.
a. built, painted
b. was built, was painted
c. has built, had painted
d. built, was painted
17. So far many people (rescue) by the red cross.
a. have been rescued
b. will rescue
c. had recued
d. are rescued
18. The Chronicles of Narnia (write) by C.S. Lewis
. a. is writing
b. was writing
c. was written
d. has written
19. Some 2.5 million Muslims are performing the Haj this year, and people (kill) in a
stampede last year.
a. was killing
b. has killed
c. were killed
d. had been killed
20. The marathon championship (sponsor) by Volvo and (hold) every fourth year.
a. is sponsored, is held
b. was sponsored, held
c. sponsores, holds
d. sponsored, held



  
 
 


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Chapter 8 If v Sentences (Conditional Forms)

8.1 I?; A?Y"A8 (conditional form of verb)
1=2V 12  MB
123
 > 
MN<2

!=BV!
 
MN<22

!=  :
 >12  2 2
>
12  
2
 MB
12 =1=2V:
 2 
22 3 12
= (1) 1=2V= B 2 (
123
  B2

2)
= (2) 1=2Vj!=2  B
12
B (
12
2  B)
= (3) 1=2Vj!=V 3 B (j!=BV! 3)
"A8@A:mA"@ >@A" ?Y;9?w!!@ >= :

. 12  2
(= 1)
V. >V @2 
(= 2)
. >@m2@ V
(= 2)
. > 1=23V @ 

(= 3)
8.2 TYPE 1 "A8A!;" : #!>"?Y!;"
1=2V= 1 12 1=2Vj!=
(1)  B 2
12 :
 >12  2 ( B 2)
(2) RA;AB3
 BV!2

? :
 >V @  (
  B)
5:54!.
.) )-&114! 1 ' If + Present + Future

12 If + Present + Present

12 If + Present +  imperative
(
3
 1=2V= 1 
 if  present  2)
1. CIf water boils, it will change into steam.'
= 'If water boils, it changes into steam.' >12  2
2. 'If he comes, I shall go.'
= 'If he comes, I go.' >V  @ 
3. 'If you buy that car, it will cost you 60,000 baht.'
= 'If you buy that car, it costs you 60,000 baht.'
>MNj12> MN 
B

1=



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

8.3 Imperative Clause "A8?> ==BA" (If + Present + ?> = Imperative)
?> = imperative 12 j!=
3B
:
 Come here!
12 Give me some ink.
32
1=2V Imparative ( If + Present + 5 ' Imperative )
4. 'If you meet Dang, give him this book.' >MN; 

12

V3
5. 'If you really need it, buy it.' >MN2  B ? j12 jB
8" 1. >3 if 3 
 comma (,) V
 if
2.   future tense j23

8.4 TYPE 2 "A8#";8m : ; 9:?Y
"A8@A 2 = "A8lmA"
(1) 2 BV!
12
BV!

12 (2) 1=2V
2  B
:

>V  @  (>V  B @2 
12
)
>@m2 @ V (@
2 m2)
AB=:1=2V= 2 12
If + past simple + B conditional
:

CIf he came, I would go with him.'
>V  @  (2 BV!
12
2 BV!)
'If I were you, I would go with him.'
>@m2 @ V (
 >)
NOTE
(1) B conditional 12 would + B:
2= 1 (2  would 2  should, could,
might )
(2)  MB= 2 :
3= 1 12 MB M2
'If he came, I would go.' >V @ 
'If Ladda saw him, she would be delighted.' >
V

2 
'If I were you, I would go with him.' >@m2 @ V
(3)  MB= 1 = 2 
2
= 1. 'If he comes, I will go.' @
   2A
= 2. 'If he came, I would go.' @
  
2= =
(4)  B (were) j!=
 B2

2
:
 'If I were you, I would go with him.'
>@m2 @ V (
 ; BV!)
AB= (4)  
3
 > verb to be : were  2
:
 'If the book were lost,O' 'If he were strong, O'



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

8.5 TYPE 2 (2) "A8@A 2 @#9O were to

AB= 2 12 If + Past + B conditional 2 :A
212
If + were to + ; O#"A 1 + conditional
1. 'If he came, I would go.'
= 'If he were to come, I would go.'  B3
V @ 
2. 'If Ladda saw him, she would speak to him.'
= 'If Ladda were to see him, she would speak to him.'
 B3

V

2 () ;AV
3. 'If he drove carefully, he would get there in time.'
= 'If he were to drive carefully, he would get there in time.'
 B3
VV>2
 3 V >!==3
8.6 Were to (Inverted Form) "A8A  IF (2) >?
j!=: were to =
3  2 
: if   were 3
 j!=
3
 were to inverted form :

1. 'If he were to come, I would go.'
= 'Were he to come, I would go.'
2. 'If Ladda were to see him, she would speak to him.'
= 'Were Ladda to see him, she would speak to him.'
3. 'If he were to drive carefully, he would get there in time.'
= 'Were he to drive carefully, he would get there in time.'
Exercise 8.1 9O If TYPE I-II
1. If he sees her tomorrow, he _______(give) her my book.
2. If you save your money, you _______(have) enough money to buy it.
3. If you are in Japan, you _______(see) many beautiful scenes.
4. If he knew how to drive, he _______(buy) a car.
5. If he _______(go) early, he would be in Chiengmai at about four oPclock in the
afternoon.
6. If he _______(go) at six oPclock in the morning, he will get there in time.
7. You wouldnPt miss the train if you _______(leave) earlier.
8. HePll go with us, if we _______(wait).
9. If he _______(write) to me, I would write to him.
10. What will he do if he _______(meet) the headmaster?



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

8.7 TYPE 3 "A8"8=!;" I?

"A8@A 3 12 1=2Vj!=V 3 B=BV! 2

B ())!8G- =)c' T 
 V 3 B 12 ())!8- = )=8)=)T+ 
?> ="A8
?> ="8=!;"
 1=23>V  @ 

V
  @ !

 1=23 >MN2A
== M

MN
2A
 !
M
 1=23 >MN 3

MN
  !

 MB (1=2V) = 3  hNi22
12
1.  MB1=2=R
 3 (2)
2. 
MN<=BV! B V 1=2V= MB

If + past perfect + ;  perfect conditional =

would + have + ; O#"A 3

should + have + ; O#"A 3
could + have + ; O#"A 3

1. 'If I had been there, I would have seen him.'

>@2A
= (3 j!=R
 3) @ 
V
3 B=BV!12 2R 
2A
== R !

V
2. 'If they had killed him, the trouble would not have arisen.'
>;3
V (2) 3 M
 
BV!
3 B=BV!12 2;3V

V 3 M
 !BV!
3. 'If Ladda had seen him yesterday, she would have spoken to him.'
 1=23 >
V

2 ;AV
3 B=BV!12  1=23

V 

2 !
;AV
1=2V 
2
1. 'If Ladda sees him, she will speak to him.'
>
V (VN
122)

2 ;AV [2

2]
2. 'If Ladda saw him, she would speak to him.'
>
V (VN
122)

2 ;AV
3. 'If Ladda had seen him, she would have spoken to him.'
>
V (2=R
 3)

2 ;AV3 (


2

; VN=;A

2 !
;AV)



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

8.8 Had (inverted From) "A8 (3) A > If ?

 had 
1=2V= 3 ;1=2 If =
 :

'Had Ladda seen him, she would have spoken to him.'
= 'If Ladda had seen him, she would have spoken to him.'
>
V (2=R
 3)

2 ;AV3
(


2
; VN=;A

2 !
;AV)
Exercise 8.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

9O If-Clause @A 1-2-3

 ? A 9:
 ; 8B:
If he is her, he _______(do) it himself.
If he were here, he _______(do) it immediately.
If he had been here, he_______(do) it.
If I were you, I _______(tell) him the truth.
If I had been in your place, I _______(say) this.
I would not have gone if I _______(know) that it was going to rain.
If it rains next Sunday, I _______(stay) at home.
I will call you next week if I _______(need) your help.
If you called me, I _______(be) glad to meet you.
If he saw her, he _______(take) her home.
I _______(like) to study French if I had time.
I will go to the seashore tomorrow if the weather _______(be) nice.
If he had told me the truth, I _______(not punish) him.
If he had driven fast, it _______(be) a more serious accident.
If I _______(wear) thick clothes, I would not have caught cold.

Exercise 8.3

9O If - Clause

B=A": JI:8JI @ >o;:8o;
_____ 1. She wouldnPt have gone if she know the truth.
_____ 2. If I were you, I wont work so hard.
_____ 3. If the weather is nice next Sunday, I play tennis.
_____ 4. If I were to see him, I would be very glad.
_____ 5. It would be very nice if we had gone together.



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

_____ 6. Were they be here, they would not agree on our proposal.
_____ 7. If I had go out in the rain, I would have caught cold.
_____ 8. I would have visited you if I knew you were in Bangkok.
_____ 9. We wonPt go out if it did not stop raining.
_____ 10. If you could do so, it will be very nice.
_____ 11. It would have been better if they had not come.
_____ 12. HePll certainly do it if it will be possible.
_____ 13. He would steal money from you if he could.
_____ 14. If I would have enough money, I should buy a TV set.
_____ 15. The soldiers will fight bravely if they will understand the order.



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

Chapter 9 Subjunctive Moods

9.1 Present Subjunctive Mood @"=?JA"9:;9?w!!
B=: 
suggest, propose, insist, etc.  3 m  B:
2= 1
(
 s)  2 3
 Present Subjective 
!>! tense V
 

suggest
3
, 
demand =
insist
1,1
that + m + B:
2=1 AB
prefer
:2=  (
)
propose 2
recommend  (3
)
:
 CHe demands (demanded) that she be here on time.'
V= (=) 3


22>!==3
'He suggests (suggested) that she go to see the doctor.'
V () 


2

2
'We prefer that he do his best.' :2= 
V=M (= ; =M)
'She proposes (proposed) that he have a rest.'

22
V
M;R
2
'The doctor recommends (recommended) that she take this medicine.'

2


2B
Exercise 9.1 #;  Present Subjunctive A?>  ; I?;
1. (a) I suggest that he ________(read) the letter again.
(b) I suggested that he ________(read) the letter again.
2. (a) They insist that he ________(go) with them.
(b) They insisted that he ________(go) with them.
3. (a) I propose that she________(have) her vacation now.
(b) I will propose that she________(have) her vacation next week.
4. (a) I prefer that she ________(stay) until next month.
(b) I preferred that she ________(stay) until next month.
(c) I would prefer that she ________(stay) until next month.
5. (a) He suggests that we ________(be) here at seven oPclock.
(b) He suggested that we ________(be) here at seven oPclock.
(c) He had suggested that we ________(be) here at seven oPclock.



  
 
 


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9.2 Past Subjunctive Mood @"=?J9

AB 
wish, if only, ItPs time, IPd rather you, etc.  3m
 B2

wish (2
 
= 
)  1=2 wish B
If only { (=>;3
)
ItVs time{ (=>!3= )
IVd rather{ (=R 2= 
)
as if ...
( B3
...)
; 9?> = !>"?Y 
22
(1) Past Tense
.
 Past Simple H)555G).)dTT31=)
:
 CShe wishes he were here now.P


22
V2A
==3 (: were  2>B verb to be)
(2) Past Perfect .
 Past Perfect GH)555G).)!
:
 CI wish he had been here yesterday.P
@2
V2A
== 1=23
(3) Conditional
.
 Past Perfect GH)555G).)!
.
 would + 5
 4! 1 GH)555G).))'
:
 CShe wishes he would be here tomorrow.P


22
V2A
==3;M

 #"?> = Past Subjunctive
Subject + wish (3 >)
'I wish he were here. '
(now)
@>
V2A
=2
'I wish he had been here. ' (yesterday) @>
V2A
= 1=23
'I wish he would be here. ' (tomorrow) @>
V2A
=3;M

If only (>;
3
)
'If only I knew.P (now)
>;
@A ( M)
CIf only I had known.P (yesterday)
>;
@A (2)
Its time (>!3, 3=)
'ItPs time the children were in bed.' (now) (VN) >!3=? 23
Id rather you (=@2 
MN O)
'IPd rather you went now.P
@2
MN3
'IPd rather you had given me that book yesterday.'
@2
MN 2
12


@ 1=23



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

Exercise 9.2 9OI?;  Past Subjunctive Mood

1. I wish he _______(be) here now.
2. I wish he _______(be) here yesterday.
3. She wishes I _______(live) here now.
4. I wish I _______(can) help you now.
5. I wish I _______(not spend) so much money yesterday.
6. ItPs time we all _______(go) home now.
7. I wish I _______(know) his name next time.
8. IPd rather you _______(go) now.
9. If only he _______(tell) you the whole story now.
10. ItPs time you _______(have) a hair-cut now.

Exercise 9.3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

 Present @ > Past Subjunctive Moods

!"@88=A899:JI"
It is necessery that she brings their own sport shoes.
ItPs time the child goes to bed now.
Yesterday he would rather I would clean the floor.
I proposed that the report was sent to the committee.
She was so busy as if she was a busy doctor.
Paul wished Mona worked well.
John, a doctor, ordered that his patient had taken a pill after meals.
If only she asked me yesterday.
They insisted that employees worked over 6 hours.
Peter wishes next month his parent will visit him.



  
 
 


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Review Test 9O If Clause + Subjunctive Moods

1. If you (see) a queen, what (do) you?
a. saw - would do
b. see - has been done
c. see - will do
d. has seen, would see
2. I would rather Jim (stay) tomorrow.
a. stayed
b. has stayed
c. would stay
d. stays
3. Supposing you (wish) anything, what will you beg?
a will wish
b. can wish
c. wish
d. wished
4. He would have seen me if he had joined the club.
a. He didn't see me, and I saw him.
b. He joined the club, and so did I.
c. He didn't join the club, and nor did I.
d. He didn't join the club, so I didn't see him.
5. If he takes too much vitamin D,............. vomitting and poor apitite
a. it can cause
b. it could cause
c. it would have cause
d. it is caused
6. .......... he sends an important report, he won't have a right to pass the class.
a. Unless
b. If
c. But if
d. Supposing
7. A dean suggested that every student ............... their experiment under the advisors.
a. practice
b. to practice
c. practicing
d. practices
8. It's necessary that he ............. not late for any class in school.
a. be
b. is
c. was
d. to be
9. If only you ............ that he said yesterday, the problem didnPt exist.
a. did
b. had done
c. would do
d. do
10. He eats his lunch as if he .............. starvation person,eating everything he see.
a. is
b. will be
c. was
d. were
11. If you freeze water below 0 degree, the water ............... to be ice.
a. changes
b. will change
c. would change
d. had change



  
 
 


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12. Had you seen the movie, you .................... fun of the character.
a. have made
b. will make
c. would have made
d. would make
13. Were Jim .......... a bird, he ............... fly over the world.
a. to be - will
b. were - would
c. be - would have
d. to be - would
14. Yesterday I hadnPt slept over six hours, and I felt drowsy all days.
a. If I sleep over six hours, I feel drowsy all days.
b. If I slept over six hours, I would feel drowsy all days.
c. Unless I hadnPt slept, I wouldnPt feel drowsy all days.
d. If I had slept over six hours, I wouldnPt feel drowsy all days.
15. If Susan had an intention, she .............. get a grade A certainly.
a. would have
b. will
c. d. would
16. The doctor recommended that Jim ............... well enough.
a. slept
b. will sleep
c. slesps
d. sleep
17. If only I ............... you letter last week.
a. had sent
b. sent
c. send
d. would send
18. Were Jim ................ your car, the car .................. surely.
a. to wash, would be cleaned
b. washes, will be cleaned
c. wash, would clean
d. to be washed, would be cleaned
19. Had I seen you last night, I .................... to the cenema.
a. would invited
b. have been invited
c. would have invited
d. had invited
20. The rules order that the student in school .................... in class at least 80 percent.
a. be
b. has been
c. were
d. was



  
 
 


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Chapter 10 Indirect Speech

10.1 8= Speech
 1=2 ;AV2

RA21= 2 3Bm;A 2 3Bm12
1. ;A B ? V2RA;A



= j!=3
 Direct
Speech :
 ;A3
 @  V23 3
 @   Direct Speech
32

He said, I shall go ;A B ? : gh;A
2. ;AV2RA
2 j!=3
 Indirect Speech :
 
3
 ;A
3
V  V23 
3
 Indirect Speech
32

CHe said (that) he would go.P ;A
 ghV
3. V23 Speech 23 2 
3 12 Introducting verb (B)  Reported
Speech (
) :
 CHe said (that) he would go.P
He said 
3B
12 
 that he would go 
3

12  2M
10.2 ;? A =B
I!;" (Direct Speech) 9:?Y =B # (Reported Speech)
3Bm
 j!= 
3
2
1. V23 Direct Speech 22 = > V23

3 B
>A2
:
 =
He said,  He ordered, told 
>
He said,  He asked 
V23 He said,  He told 
2. ; 
3 
2 1=2 
3 2M j
;
I-me-my-myself-We-us-our-ourself  m3
M
;
You-you-your-yourself   3
M
:
 Ladda told me, I sent my letter to you.
V23  I  my 12 Ladda  me 12 you 2=; 
'Ladda told me that she had sent her letter to me.'
3.  Tense 2 
3
  2
 !
3
 ;m< Tense
:
 Ladda tells me, I think of his book.

2 Tense ;
3
 M
'Ladda tell me that she thinks of his book.'


Ladda told me, I think of your book.

2 Tense 
3
2
'Ladda told me that she thought of my book.'



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

?@? Tense 9:?Y?\ Sequence Of Tense "#?

; 9=B
I!;" (Direct)
; 8"=B # (Indirect)
Present Simple
Past Simple
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
Past Simple
Past Perfect
will, shall, can, may
would, should, could, might
4. > 23  
   2 2 
2
:

Direct
Indirect
here
= there
now
OOOO. then
today
OOOO. that day
tomorrow OOOO. the next day (the following day)
yesterday OOOO. the day before (the previous day)
last night OOOO. the night before
ago
OOOO. before
this, these OOOO. that, those
come
OOOO. go
10.3 Indirect Statements
=  Direct Speech  Indirect Speech
1. = Tense  1=2
3
 2 2
2. =; M  1=2
3(
) ; 3
3

3. =>23  (neares) 3

 (distance)
32
 V23 Indirect statements
>B present 
2= tense 
Direct : He says, I have been reading for two hours.
V;A3
 @(V) 2

122:=3 
Indirect : He says that he has been reading for two hours.
V;A3
 V2

122:=3 
>B past B 2 past 3
Direct : He said, I have been reading for two hours.
V;A3
 @(V) 2

122:=3 
Indirect : He said that he has I reading for two hours.
V;A3
 @(V) 2

122:=3 



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

10.4 : 9? A ?> = # (Statement)

= said (say)

said that (say that)
said to (say to)

toldOthat (tellOthat)
[ that j!=2A

 said
12 told 
: 
2 33]
 #" 

Direct : He says,
I shall go there.
Indirect : He says (that)
he will go there.
Direct : He said,
I shall go there.
Indirect : He said (that)
he would go there.
Direct : He said,
I made it.
Indirect : He said (that)
he had made it.
Direct : He said to me
I have been there twice.
Indirect : He told me (that)
he had been there twice.
8 
 B  past B  present 
>3 B2
2 =A=3 :

Direct : He said, The earth moves round the sun.
Indirect : He said (that) the earth moves round the sun.

>
 = 
 past 3 
>123

RB
:
 He said (that) the earth moves round the sun.
>A
= He said (that) the earth moved round the sun. >A
This is the house where she lives, he said.
= He said (that) was the house where she lived.
He said to me, I saw her here yesterday.
= He told me (that) he had seen her there the day before.
Excercise 10.1 ?> =8= Indirect Statement
1. He says to them, You will do anything for school.

2. Ann told me, I have to get out the house now.

3. Dang said, I went to the shop to buy my cartoon yesterday.



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

4. Jim told me, I will buy your car tomorrow ,but my friends will help me.

5. Ladda said to me, You can clean her car and if you do, I will pay my money.

6. Jim says to Jane, I do my work, and You can help me by sending your photo.

7. He said to her, I did my work, and You could help me by sending your photo.

8. Mana said to me, I will help your mother bring this cookie to you.

9. They told us,They went to Plaza together last week.

10. I told her,We had left her party when you arrived and John was calling to you.

10.3 Indirect Command ?> ==BA" (command)

j!=V!3B (imperative sentence) 2 =
 

(1) = said (
12 asked) 
commanded  1=2=2
@V
ordered
 1=2=m 
@V
told
 1=2=m 
@V
asked
 1=2V22 : 1=2V23 3
 Please V23
begged
 1=2V222
Mg; 2232
(2) 2  object
 commanded, ordered, told, asked
>B 

 object 
 MBV!2 (B  MB me
12 us)
:
 He asked me ..... 
(3) B to 
;A B
(4) = pronoun 

 :




  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

1. He said to me Bring me a book.

He told me to bring him a book.
V2
@2
12 
V

!=
2. He said to the soldiers, March better!
He told the soldiers to march better.
V=

B3
B
3. He said to his men, Stand still.
He told his men to stand still.
V=V2V
2A
B= ?
4. Go away! (
B 
 MBV!2)
He ordered me to go away.
V=
@22
;
N=
B=
 
 
: told  2 2   
'He commanded his men to go ahead.P V=
 V2V B
= 'He ordered his men to go ahead.'
= 'He told his men to go ahead.'
N=B V!3 donPt 
: not to :1=2 :

1. DonPt be lazy, said he.
= 'He told me not to be lazy.'
2. DonPt stop!, said he.
= 'He told me not to stop.'
10.4 Sequence of Tenses (Indirect Command)
N=;A B B 2>12 tense  B 
 sequence of tenses
:
 Direct : He said, DonPt forget what I have told you.
Indirect : 'He told me not to forget what he had told me.'
V2@

1 B==V2
Direct : He said. Give pens to me when I am standing.
Indirect : 'He told me to give pens to him when he was standing.'
V2@


V 1=2V12



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

Excercise 10.2 : ?> ==BA" Indirect command

1. He told me, DonPt bring my dog to here.
2. I said, Go away now.
3. Jim asked Ann, Please donPt place your shoes wherever you can.
4. I said to her, DonPt come here when I go out.
5. I tell him, Send your pencil when I need it.
6. I told him, Please send your pencil when I need it.
7. I command all sailors, DonPt turn left but they donPt belive me.
8. Run slowly and didnPt hurry, said he.
9. Anan said to her, Please visit me again when you came Bangkok.
10. The doctor told them, DonPt drink alcohal, and you will be better off.P



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

Chapter 11 Indirect Speech (2)

11.1 Indirect Questions 8==BJ8I
3
 who are you? 3
 Direct Question
;> =:> 
2 B ? ( 1=2
> )
3
 'He asked me who I was.'
'He asked her who she was.'
CHe asked them who they were.'
3
 Indirect Question ;
:
> B ? 
1=2
> 
2
2
 12 who I was. 
:
who was I.
Direct : He said to me, Who are you?
Indirect : He asked me who I was.
Exercise 34 : !"  "8=! Direct =BJ ?Y Indirect =BJ
1. She asked me where (was I, I was) going.
2. I donPt know what (is his name, his name is).
3. Ask him what time (is it, it is).
4. He wants to know where (she lives, does she live).
5. He asked me how much (did my car cost, my car cost).
6. I donPt know where (did he put, he put) those magazines.
7. He wants to know where (do we have, we have) our English lesson.
8. I wonder what time (it is, is it).
9. Ask him how old (is he, he is).
10. He asked me how old (was I, I was).
11. I asked herO
where she lived.
where did she live.
where she lives.
where does she lives.
12. We asked herO
when she was married.
when was she married.
when is she married.
when she is married.
13. He asked me how longO had he studied English.
has he studied English.
he had studied English.



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

14. He didnPt sayO

15. He wondersO

16. Ask himO

17. I forgetO

18. He asked meO

19. I asked himO

20. The teacher asked meO

where was he going.

where he was going.
where is he going.
where he is going.
where is she going.
where was she going.
where she is going.
where she was going.
where Anong is.
where Anong was.
where is Anong .
where was Anong .
where did I put it.
where do I put it.
where I put it.
where I have put it.
when I will return.
when I would return.
when would I return.
when will I return.
what time could he meet us.
what time he could meet us.
what time he can meet us.
what time can he meet us.
why was I late for class.
why I am late for class.
why am I late for class.
why I was late for class.



  
 
 


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11.2 Indirect Questions ?> ==BJ8I

> j!=V!3 > V2 A (Question Words) = Indirect Speech
1. = said  asked
2. 
> 
2

3. = tense 21= ? 
B
:


He said to me, Where are you going?

He asked me where I was going.
I said to him, What did Dang say?
I asked him what Dang had said.
.
11.3 Indirect Questions ?> ==BJ9O# : #
> j!=V!3B :

Will they come back again?
Is he coming this way?
>  
3
Can you do this?
2 12 :

12 
Yes, No 

Have they gone?
Direct
Indirect
Direct
Indirect

:
:
:
:

> 3B:
3 2;B= :1=2 V! 
:1=2 =:2A
2A
2  12 if  whether 12:
 :

Direct : He said to me, Does she live here?
Indirect : CHe asked me if she lived there.'
'He asked me whether she lived there.'
V> @3
 m22A
== :

12

Direct : He said, Will you do this for me?

Indirect : CHe asked me if I would do that for him.P
CHe asks me whether I would do that for him.'
V> @3
 @ ;1=2V
12



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

11.4 9O if : whether ?Y=BOA !>9O or not : "p

:
 CHe asked me if she lived there.'
CHe asked me if she lived there or not.'
= V> @3
 m22A
== :

12

'He asked me whether she lived there.P

CHe asked me whether she lived there or not.'
'He asked me whether or not she lived there.P



V2 or not 
: or not B if 
12 whether
= V> m23
2A
== :

12

Exercise 11.1  Indirect ?>=BJ

1. I said to him. When will you be back?
2. My friend asked me, What are you doing?
3. I said to her, Do you enjoy it?
4. Did you give the letters to Dang? said he to her.
5. Where do you live? said she to him.
6. My friend said to me, What are you doing here?
7. I said to her, Do you like my new hat?
8. He said to me, How are you today?
9. Dang said, Did you mail that letter for me?
10. Ladda said to Dang, Where have you been?



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

Exercise 11.2  Indirect ?>

1. John asks her,"Where do you go with me?".
a. John told her that does he go with her.
b. John asks her whether he go with him.
c. John asks her where she goes with him.
d. John asked her where he goes with her.
2. I told him,"Please send the paper to Alan."
a. I asked him to send the paper to Alan.
b. I told him please send the paper to Alan.
c. I told to please sending tha paper to Alan.
d. I asked to send tha paper to Alan.
3. I said that he ..................... the car the day before.
a. will buy
b. buys
c. bought
d. is buying
4. Naree asked her boyfriend, "Do you want some coffee?".
a. She told him that he wants some coffee.
b. She asked him if he wants some coffee.
c. She asked him whether he wanted some coffee.
d. She told him did he want some coffee.
5. They ordered their dog, "Don't bark."
a. They told it not to bark.
b. They asked it don't bark.
c. They wanted it to not bark.
d. They told it to not bark.
6. John asked Susan "Did you see my book?"
a. He asked her whether she had seen his book.
b. He asked her whether he saw her book.
c. He said to her that I had seen it.
d. He said that she saw it.
7. She tells us, "You shall come the shop tomorrow."
a. She tells us that we should come the shop tomorrow.
b. She tells us that she should go the shop the next day.
c. She tells us that we shall come the shop tomorrow.
d. She tells us that we shall go the shop the next day.



  
 
 


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8. We told them that ..........

a. we will join their party last night.
b. we had joined their party the night before
c. we join their party the night before
d. we can join the party last night.
9. I asked him, "Don't move this table that I lifted."
a. I asked him not to move this table that you lifted.
b. I asked him to not move that table that I lifted.
c. I told him not to move this table that you had lifted.
d. I told him not to move that table that I had lifted.
10. She asked me, "What did John do?"
a. She asked what I did.
b. She asked me what John had done.
c. She asked what John did.
d. She asked me what she did.
Exercise 11.3 !"@8#Ao;#? 9:JI"
1. Prada told us to opened the window.
2. He asks her why are you crying.
3. He wanted to know why you are crying.
4. Lassie told me that she will picnic and she prepares all food.
5. Somsri ordered her students not cheat the test.
6. Peera told Somsri that we have gone to Songkra.
7. Nut asked me whether did she shop at Tesco.
8. She asked her parents if can she go the party.
9. I told him tomorrow she would see Ladda.
10. They asked their teacher whether they played football yesterday.



  
 
 


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Chapter 12 Adjectives & Adverbs

12.1 9O=B adjective
 adjective 2 : 2 2
12
1. :2
 (attributive use)
:
 CHe is a good boy.'
2. :
B verb to be (predicative use) :
 'That boy is good.'
12.2  "=B=W
 Oder of adjective


= 1
1. Article: a, an, the
2. Demonstrative adjective: this, that, these, those
3. Possessive adjective: my, your, his, her, their, its
4. Possessive noun: MaryPs, JohnPs


= 2
=
 ? ordinal numbers : the first, the sixth


= 3
3V 3 cardinal numbers: one, two, etc.


= 4
MNhN
 ? :

  Participle :
 B+ ing
 B + V3 
Quality or descriptive adjective: good, charming


= 5
V :
 
i
,  Size: big, narrow, long


= 6
2M :
 old, new, young


= 7
A Shape 3 ,  :
 round, square, straight


= 8
 Colour: red, blue


= 9
:12:B Nationality: Thai, Chinese


= 10  =3M
12
32
3 3
 Compound Noun
:
 B2 colour pencil, leather bag 
12.3 B@:#" (position) 8"=B adjective
1. B adjective 2A

 :
 a big town, a blue car, an interesting
book, etc.
2.  1=2  adjective
 2 3 
 3 
2: and :1=2 :

a tall young man, six yellow roses, etc.
3. B : comma =
3
 adjective  1=2g3 :

a big, large box, a modern, new house, a sandy, windy, sunny beach, etc.
4. 
> adjective 2  adjective 2A

: and :
 a black and
white cat , the red, white, and blue flag N= adjective 
:2 
:

B (predicative use) 2: and :1=2  adjective A
M 2



  
 
 


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      1  . ! "  # 1

:


CThe house looked large and convenient.'

'It was cold, wet and windy.'
5.  adjective
2 3 33
 = 2 :

a long, interesting book = a book, long and interesting
6.  adjective j!=V pronoun 233
 pronoun  (  pronoun :

someone, anyone, no, one ,somebody, anybody, something, anything, nothing)
:
 CIs there anything wrong?'
'Tell me something new.'
Excersise 12.1 89:" "=B=W
 9:\
1. boy / young / the
(the young boy)
2. new / Thai / blue / clear / soap
3. long / scarf / silk / pretty / my
4. Japanese / dog / white / black / lovely / small / the
5. lethal / square / blue / good / luxury / shirt
6. the / Spainsh / white / house / three / new
7. the / one / third / prize / international
8. great / magnificent / the / white / hall
9. something / big / new / circle
10. joyful / lively / the / pretty / cat



  
 
 


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12.4 Adverbs =B;Ws

 adverb 12 j!=:2 (V) B
1221= ? 3  noun 
pronoun ... :
 CShe usually sings loudly.P Bm22;
adverb 12 usually 23  loudly 2
A3
 22

gV2 Adverbs
1. Adverb @">B
 adverb 
3 3 Adjective + ly :

Adjective
Adverb
soft M
3
softly 2
M
3
careful 
carefully 2

easy 
 ?
easily 2


simple 

simply  , 2


(
=3 ly 
= 2 adverb  2 :

manly (adj.) 2
RA:
kingly (adj.) 2
:
 =   3  ly  adjective :

friendly  B, elderly A2M 
2. Adverb @" 
=23 :

;M
 tomorrow
3 today
 1=23 yesterday
 so far - up to now - since then - as yet
M3 every day
M
< every week 3> next day
2 ;3 Adverb of Frequencies 3 >=
12 3V2
MN<

always ( = 2) usually (B) sometimes () occasionally (?)
often (
2) rarely (
) seldom (?) scarcely (

2;) never (
)
generally ( B) 
3. Adverb @"JA
2= =2A
:
 here == (3) there == (3) away

22
4. Adverb @"; (?\;)
2

Bm :
 not (
:
) nor (
:) never (

) hardly ever (
) rarely (
) seldom (?) scarcely (

2;)



  
 
 


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12.5  B adverb

1. 
  2->=-3
:
 CHe spoke slowly in the meeting hall yesterday.P
V;A2
: ? 
2:M  1=23
2. 3 adverb 
B
12 
B (Nm+B)
:
 CShe drove carefully.P m2V33  3
3. 3 adverb 
 adjective ;1=22mBV
: 
:
 CJohn was deeply sad.P V 2
Mj!
12.6 =BA?Y" Adjective @ > Adverb
fast 33
hard 
long 3
late ,
:
early 2,
2

: : =B" # A; vly !>9:=BA=: #"!;
:
 late (adj., adv.) , 
: 
lately (adv.) 
M
hard (adj., adv.)  
hardly (adv.) 

2 , 

Excercise 12.2 !" " B #=B#?9:JI"
1. is / He / talkactive / not
@ (He is not talkactive.)
2. yesterday / went / She / shopping / at the mall
_________________________________________________________________
3. Albert / enjoyed / last night / movie / the / horror
_________________________________________________________________
4. always / drives / the / car / carefully / Jim
_________________________________________________________________
5. Panu / interested / in / science / is / often
_________________________________________________________________
6. near the hill / His house / is / far / so
_________________________________________________________________
7. beautiful / Her voice / was / specially
_________________________________________________________________
8. Jimmy / his car / sold / yesterday / cheaply / at car park
_________________________________________________________________



  
 
 


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Exercise 12.2 9O=B=W
 @ > =B;Ws

!"89 AJI"
1. He always does his Homework ( careful / carefully ).
2. He is a very ( careful / carefully ) student.
3. Come ( quick / quickly ). We need your help.
4. You should drive more ( slow / slowly ) along this road.
5. The old man walks very ( slow / slowly ).
6. Somsri is a very ( slow / slowly ) student.
7. Her brother, on the other hand, learns ( rapid / rapidly ).
8. This is an ( easy / easily) exercise.
9. I can do all of these exercises ( easily / easy).
10. Dang works very ( hardly / hard ) in his new job.
11. They usually walk ( fastly / fast ).
12. I agree with you ( complete / completely ) in that matter.
13. This mango is very ( softly / soft).
14. She always speaks ( softly / soft) to the child.
15. Ladda is a ( beautiful / beautifully ) girl.
16. Her sister plays the violin ( beautifully / beautiful ).
17. He acted very ( foolish / foolishly ) in that matter.
18. That was a very ( foolisly / foolish ) thing to say.
19. They both study English very (seriously / serious).
20. They are both ( seriously / serious ) students.



  
 
 


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Chapter 13 Adjectives (2) and Determiners (Quantifiers)

13.1

Good, Well
good '()*+,- adjective . well '()*+,- adverb :

'She is a good student.' m2=
'She always prepares her lesson well.' m2 
well
'()*+,- adjective //01 2-.(30- 45678-9/4, 5675;-1/4 :

CShe is well, thank you.P m2V2MN
CShe was sick last week, but now she is well.'
m23 1=2
<=3 2

Exercise 13.1 !"; good : well 9:;=: JI"

1. He does his work ____________
2. She plays the piano very ____________.
3. He is a ____________ student.
4. This fountain pen does not work ____________.
5. Our lesson today was very ____________.
6. I was sick for a few days, but now I am ____________ again.
7. How do you feel? Very ____________, thank you.
8. This is new pen writes ____________.
9. It is really a very ____________ pen.
10. When you donPt feel ____________, take a long walk.
It is often a ____________ medicine.
11. We congratulated him on his ____________ work.
12. Dang plays tennis ____________.
13. His brother is also a ____________ tennis player.
14. The movie last night was very ____________.
15. She is a ____________ student of languages.
16. Everything she does, she does ____________.
17. Ladda dances ____________.
18. Her sister is also a ____________ dancer.
19. I donPt understand him very ____________ when he speaks so rapidly.
20. The weather today is very ____________.



  
 
 


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13.2 Much, Many, Very, A lot of, Lots of

much :2 
 (uncountable) :
 much water
:>
12 Bm 

many :2 = (countable)  
 many !
;
A; < 2 :
 many books, many people, many cars
a lot of : lots of :
12 :2  
 
2
 >>
12BmB : much
12 many :

much time
= a lot of time
= lots of time
many people
= lots of people
= a lot of people
gh;A (spoken English)  3   21= ? 2 :

1. plenty of : 
 (plenty of books, plenty of sugar)
2. a large number of : 
 (books)
3. a large quantity of (sugar) , a good deal of (sugar): 


4. very ( )  adverb !
:2 
:V adjective
12
adverb :
 very much, very old 
** much ( )  1=2 adverb 2 3 adjective V3

:
 much better 
so
12 very  3 adjective VB
:
 so good
12 very good
Exercise 13.2 :  ; much, many, very, a lot of 9=: # 
1. He has __________ friends in this school.
2. There are __________ high mountains in the northern part of Thailand.
3. There isnPt __________ milk in this bottle.
4. She spends __________ money on clothes.
5. There is still __________ rain now.
6. He always drinks __________ coffee.
7. The food was __________ delicious.
8. The coffee was __________ strong.
9. There were __________ glasses on the table in the dining room.
10. Our last two lessons were not __________ long.
11. __________ students have __________ trouble with the homework.
12. The last lesson was __________ easy for everyone.
13. Did you spend __________ time on your homework last night?
14. I wrote each new word in the lesson __________ times.
15. Does your English teacher give you __________ homework?
16. Our teacher speaks __________ slowly and __________ clearly.



  
 
 


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17. On the whole, the English language is __________ easy.

18. __________ people all over the world speak English these days.
13.3 Some, Any
some :2
 (affirmative) 3
 2A
 3
!= 
2

any
:> (interrogative) Bm (negative) 3

, 
2, 

2A

12 N any 2

>! 
12
 2


12 



some &7 any
:2  
 >2    2
;
A; < :
 some rice, some books, any books, any sugar

N=R (compound) V2 some  any 3 :
 (somebody,
anybody, something, anything) 2; <  everyone, each =
2; <  2:B2; <
Exercise 13.3  9O some 98= # @ > any 98=?\;
1. There are __________ students in the room now.
2. Are there __________ students in the room?
3. I had __________ trouble with my homework last night.
4. Porn didnPt have __________ trouble with it at all.
5. There are __________ beautiful pictures on the wall.
6. The children are eating __________ ice-cream at the front gate.
7. Ladda doesnPt want __________ dessert after meal.
8. Are there __________ cigarettes in the box on the table?
9. The teacher didnPt give us __________ instructions.
10. Your secretary has __________ important messages for you.
11. IPm sorry. I donPt have __________ information about that.
12. They are having __________ trouble with their cars.
13. The teacher wonPt find __________ mistakes in LaddaPs composition.
14. But she will surely find __________ in mine.
15. She never gives the poor dog __________ water to drink.
16. Please put __________ water in the vase; the flowers are dying.
17. There are __________ good schools in Tokyo but we didnPt have time enough to
visit __________.
18. He never gives his wife __________ money.



  
 
 


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13.4 A little, A few ; Little, Few !B : !B:mA"

a little, little : =
 (uncountable noun) j!=
2 22; < 2
:
 little water, a little money, etc.
a few, few : = (countable noun) j!=2;
A; < 2
:
 few books, a few people, etc.
8@#">:#" a little (  a)  little (
 a)  a few (  a)  few (
 a)
1.  1=2  a little
12 a few 2A
  2
:
 CThere is a little ink in that inkpot.' 
CThere are a few people in the room.' 
2. 
> few
12 little 3
Bm 12  

:
 CThere is little money left.' ( 
B
122A
) 

Exercise 13.4  9O few, little # : @!>#  a few, a little "
1. The hall is nearly full; there is _________ room left.
2. You tell so many lies that I can put _________ trust in you.
3. Although you tell lots lies, I can put _________ trust in you.
4. He is very dull and has made _________ progress.
5. The question is very difficult. _________ boys will be able to answer it.
6. Although the question is very difficult, I feel sure _________ boys will be able to
answer it.
7. It would be very nice to have _________ rest.
8. It needs some salt, put _________ in it.
9. Although the weather was bad, _________ people came.
10. Since the weather was bad, _________ people came.
11. It is winter, but I still have _________ flowers in my garden.
12. It would be very kind of you if you were to introduce me to _________ friends of
yours.
13. They still have _________ copies left.
14. Have you _________ soap just to wash my hands with?
15. Look! There are _________ hairs on your shirt.



  
 
 


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Chapter 14 Comparisons of Adjectives & Adverbs

14.1 =: 8"?  
=3 ?  2 
 3 ;312
1. =
 
2. =3 23

3. =3 =M
14.2 ?  A#  (comparison of Equality)
=:

as.....................as : adjective
12 adverb 2

 :

CLadda is as tall as Anong.' A
2<
not as.....................as : adjective Bm :

CLadda is as tall as Anong.' A
2<
not so..........................as : adverb :Bm :

'Ladda didnPt work so well as Anong.P 

2<
the same.......................as :
CHe has the same book as mine.P V  M
12@
=B>:#" the same  as ! > :

CHis book is the same as mine.'
12V2V 
12 V2@
(= 'His book is the same book as my book.')
Exercise 14.1 : ?  # O# : @ > #:
1. He is _________ tall _________ my brother.
2. He drove his car _________ quickly _________ I did.
3. Ladda is not _________ pretty _________ Anong.
4. He didnPt do his work _________ carefully _________ Ladda did.
5. His pen is of _________ kind _________ yours.
6. His room is in _________ building _________ mine.
7. They live in _________ house _________ I.
8. They arrived at _________ time _________ we did.
9. His uncle is _________ old _________ my uncle.
10. His aunt is not _________ young _________ yours.



  
 
 


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14.3

?  8"=B similar, like, alike @ > different

&114! 1 : This school is like that one. 
12
Type 1 : This school is similar to that one. 
This school is different from that one. 

&114! 2 : This school and that one are alike. 
12
Type 2 : This school and that one are similar. 
This school and that one are different. 


Exercise 14.2 !"89=B9" p9:JI"

1. This school is ( like / alike ) that one.
2. Water and light are not ( like / alike ).
3. We are ( diferrent / like ).
4. This pen is ( the same / the same as ) that pen.
5. Joe is as tall ( as / like ) Jimmy.
6. Anong sings a song not ( so / as ) sweetly as Diana.
7. This car is ( similar / similar to ) that car.
8. This car and that car are ( the same as / similar).
9. Viola and violin are ( like / alike )
10. My house is in the village that is ( the same as / the same ) RobertPs.
14.4

?  A#= O# 8# @ > 8"

(Comparison of Inequality)
V3
 (comparative) BB er VVV m 
(positive degree)
:

cold
colder
coldest
fine
finer
finest
hard
harder
hardest
V3
 (comparative) adjective 2 ;<3 y
12 ly B er

12 est
:

easy
easier
easiest
friendly
friendlier
friendliest
V3
 (comparative) adjective 2 ;<3 er
12 ow
B er / more
12 est / most  > 2 2
12 : more
12 er 
:

slender
slenderer
slenderest
slender
more slender most slender
clever
cleverer
cleverest
clever
more clever
most clevest



  
 
 


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shallow
shallower
shallowest
shallow
more shallow most shallowest

>
2 ;<V! B more
12 most V
 :

beautiful more beautiful most beautiful

> adverb 2 ;<= ly B more
12 most V
 2 :

slowly
more slowly
most slowly


slow
slower
slowest
14.5

=B?  A#:A? Irregular Comparison

Positive
Comparative
Superlative
good (well)
better
best

bad (badly)
worse
worst
3
many, much
more
most

little
less
least
2
near
nearer
nearest, next 
far
farther
farthest
() 
far
further
furthest
(MNg;) A

14.6 9O=B adjective A?Y comparative

(1) .
5 1/)) :
 CMore books are needed.'
(2) .
/7= 2()- 5 be :
 'It is easier to do that.'
(3) .
5!14!1- 2 2 j!=2: than 
 adjective  2 :

Adjectives : 'He is taller than she is.P
VA3
m2
CLadda is more beautiful than Anong.P 33
2<
CIt is easier to do this than that.P
B= 
3
 B=
Adverbs : 'He walks more rapidly than I.P
VB33
@
'She speaks more clearly than I.'


2;A: 3
@



  
 
 


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Exercise 14.3 !"8 =B adjective @ > adverb AB:9:#?

9:?YI?8# @ > 8I"
Vm 
V3

VAM
easy
easier
easiest
easily
busy
hard
small
far
intelligent
cheap
cheaply
far
near
many / much
well
14.7 ?  @"=?YA (comparison of supremacy)
'9 superlative 4!5 1- /)) ! the )9/)2 :

'This is the shortest way to my house.'
G.
H)2()- 5 (/7= verb to be) T !/5! the )9/)c :

'That way is the shortest.'
CThat way is shortest.'
G'9))=8)!'9&2 T- (possessive word) :- /) .
 the :

'That is my best pen.'
'9 superlative 4!H) adverb  .
 the
'She did best of all.'
m2=M

14.8 Comparative & Superlative Forms
V22B= : comparative form 
 ( : superlative 
)
>B=V2
 B=V! ! : superlative :

COf the two boys, Dang is the taller.'
'Of the three boys, Dang is the tallest.'



  
 
 


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14.9 ?  # The more A, the more B

;1=23
 B=
!=  2B=   :

CThe more you haste, the more slowly you do.PB=MN  MNB=: 
14.10  much ?Y adverb !> adjective 8#
:
 CHe runs much faster.P V3B=333
 
CAnan does his job much better than I.P 2<3
@
Exercise 14.4  9O comparative : superlative 9::>
1. This is a good school.
This is a better school than that one.
32
 2B= V3

This is the best school in this town.
32
  B= VAM
2. I have a bad cold.
My cold is ________________________________ yours.
I am having my ________________________________ cold of the year.
3. Dang doesnPt have much money.
Dang has _____________________ money than some of his friends.
Nipon has ________________________________ money of them all.
4. There are many schools in Ayudhaya.
There are _____________________schools in Korat than in Ayudhaya.
Bangkok has ________________________________ schools of any town.
5. Few children go to private schools.
_____________ children go to private schools __________ to public schools.
This class has ________________________________ students of all.
6. He speaks English very well.
He speaks it ________________________________ his brother does.
He speaks it ________________________________ of anyone in his class.
7. He writes badly.
He writes ________________________________ his brother.
He writes ________________________________ of anyone in his family.



  
 
 


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Exercise 14.5 3 3 

  adjective
12 adverb

!" =BAJI"A
1. Mrs. Johnson was (kind) Mrs.Jackson.
a. kinder than
b. kidest
c. the same kind as
d. as kind
2. Siriporn is (popular) girl in her school.
a. more popular
b. more popular than
c. the most
d. most
3. Our car is (old) his car.
a. older
b. much old than
c. much older
d. much older than
4. Of the five boys, Dam was (clumsy).
a. more clumsy
b. most clumsy
c. the most clumsy
d. clumsiest
5. Ladda is (attractive) of the two girls.
a. more attractive than
b. most attractive
c. as attractive as
d. so attractive as
6. The weather is (cold) today it was yesterday.
a. cold than
b. more cold than
c. colder than
d. colder
7. The less people come, the (high) price rises.
a. high
b. higher than
c. highest
d. as high as
8. LaddaPs school is (large) AnongPs
a. so large as
b. as larger as
c. as large as
d. larger
9. Pranee always walks much (fast).
a. as fast as
b. faster than
c. faster
d. fast
10. Pranee doesnPt work not (intelligent) her sister is.
a. so intelligently as
b. as intelligent as
c. as intelligently as
d. more intelligent
11. Anong is (friendly) of all the girls in the office.
a. most friendly
b. the most friendly
c. the friendliest
d. friendliest



  
 
 


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13. Sweet strawberries don't grow (easy) as wild strawberries.

a. as easy as
b. more easy than
c. so easy as
d. the most easy
14. The (hard) you study, the (successful) you are.
a. hard, sucessful
b. more hard, more sucessful
c. most hard, most sucessful
d. harder, more sucessful
15. ______ Jane, Anan has received many rewards from his photographs.
a. Like
b. Similar
c. Alike
d. Different
16. Watermelons and pumpkins are _______ .
a. Like
b. Similar
c. Alike
d. Different
17. This car is _______ that car.
a. the same as
b. the same
c. different
d. similar
18. Ladda studies English _________ she studies French.
a. the same
b. as much as
c. different from
d. alike
19. Apples make your health _________ than rumbutans.
a. the best
b. better
c. good
d. as good as
20. _________ children go to private schools than to public schools.
a. Less
b. Like
c. Fewer
d. The fewer



  
 
 


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