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ေၾကာက္ရြံ႕ျခင္းမွလြတ္ကင္းေရး (ေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္)
ေၾကာက္ရြံ႕ျခင္းမွလြတ္ကင္းေရး (ေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္)
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La Haule Books
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This collection copyright Aung San Suu Kyi, 1993
The moral right of the author has been asserted.
ISBN 0 86120 049 7
(rmwdum)
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txifu&yk*~Kdvf}uD;jzpf+yD; rlvu tpnf;tHk;. em,ujzpfaom q&m}uD;ocifudk,fawmfr_dif;jzpfygonf?
udkatmifqef;vnf; ocifudk,fawmfr_dif; OD;aqmifonfh 'dkArmtpnf;tHk;0ifwOD; jzpfvmygonf?
r_dif;ocif rsm;teuf udkEk/ udkvSazESifh udkodef;azwdktjyif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; r[kwfcJhaomfvnf;
jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;wGif xif&Sm;ta&;ygvmrnfh ocifoef;xGef;ESifh ocifpdk;wdkvnf; yg0ifygonf? r=umrD
ocifatmifqef;onf 'dkArmtpnf;tHk; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r; jzpfvm+yD;aemuf tpnf;tHk;.
a=unmpmwrf;udk pD&ifa&;om;cJhygonf?
1938-1939 ckESpfrsm;wGif 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyHk [k trnfwGifrnfh ta&;tcif;rsm;
jzpfay:cJhygonf? a&eHajrtvkyform;rsm; csDwufyJG/ awmifolv,form;rsm; csDwufyJG/ &J.
eHygwfwkwf'%fjzifh Adkvfatmifausmf usqHk;cJh&aom ausmif;om;qENjyyJG/ xdkjzpf&yfa=umifh ay:ayguf&aom
EkdifiHt0Srf; ausmif;om;oydwfrsm;/ ArmwdkESifh tdENd,tEG,f rlqvifrsm;t=um; jzpfyGm;cJhaom t"duk%f;/
tvkyform;rsm;oydwf/ &J. vufcsufjzifh tmZmenf (17) OD; usqHk;cJhaom rEWav;qENjyyJG/
a'gufwmbarmftpdk;&
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ponfwdk
woDwwef;}uD;
jzpfay:cJhygonf?
Tta&;tcif;rsm;a=umifh
EdkifiHtwGif;
ruHpzl;
r+idrfrouf
qlqlyGufyGufjzpfvm+yD;
trsKd;om;a&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; t&Sdeft[kefjyif;xefvmonf? odkaomf Tr#pdwfv_yf&Sm;zG,fjzpf&yfrsm;
t=um;uyif jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;. uyf}uD;ESpfyg;jzpfaom *dk%f;*%0g'ESifh remvdkrkef;wD;a&;0g'wdk. qdk;0g;aom
t&Sdef=oZmrsm; v$rf;rdk;vm.? tkyfpkwtkyfpk/ vlwOD;csif;wdktaeESifh rdrdwdkomv#if txda&mufqHk;/
rsKd;cspfpdwftxufoefqHk;/ tawmfqHk;[lI *k%fwk/ *k%fydifvkyfvdkaom pdwfl;rsm;0ifum/ tjyeftvSef
pGyfpJGykwfcwfr_rsm;/ cg;oD;r_rsm; ysHESHvmavonf?
*dk%f;*%pdwfESifh
remvdk0efwdkpdwfrsm;rS
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vlenf;pkav;wGif ocifatmifqef; yg0if.? olonf vuf0J0g'rsm;zufodk,drf;I 1939 ckESpfwGif
ay:aygufvmaom
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tcsKdu
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jrefrmuGefjrLepfuvyfpnf;[lIvnf;if;/ ac:a0:onfh tkyfpkudkwnfaxmifcJholwOD;jzpf+yD;/ xdktkyfpk.
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;tjzpf
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh.?
odkaomf
ocifatmifqef;onf
uGefjrLepf0g'udkaomfif;/ tjcm;wif;=uyfaom 0g'rsm;udkaomfif;/ rqifrjcif tpGef;a&muftjrifjzifh
,Hk=unfvufcHjcif; r&SdcJhyg? us,f0ef;axGjym;aom qdk&S,fvpfoDtkd&D t,ltqtrsKd;rsKd;teuf oltm;
qJGaqmifEkdifaom oabmw&m;rsm; tawmftwef&SdcJhygonf? odkaomf ol. t"du&nfrSef;csufrSm
olwkdif;jynftwGuf vGwfvyfa&;ESifh pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&; pGrf;aqmifay;Edkifrnfh tawG;tac:rsm;/
enf;AsL[mrsm;udk avhvmoHk;pJG&efomjzpfygonf?
1939 ckESpf Oa&mywkdufwGif 'kwd,urBmppfrD; pwifavmifu|rf;+yD; rsm;r=umrD udkvdkeD0g'tcuf/
vGwfvyfa&;tcsuf [kjrifum xGuf&yf*dk%f;}uD; wnfaxmifEkdif&ef ocifatmifqef; ulnDay;cJhygonf?
a'gufwmbarmf. qif;&Jom;ygwD/ 'dkArmtpnf;tHk;/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh yk*~vduEdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;
pkaygif;zJGpnf;vdkufaom xdk xGuf&yf*k%f;}uD; onf ocifatmifqef;. wDxGifr_jzpfonf[k ocifEku
owfrSwfcJh.? xGuf&yf*dk%f;}uD; . jynfolvlxu
k dk wdkufwGef;aqmf=ocsufrSm ppf+yD;onfESifh
vGwfvyfa&;ay;&ef oabmwlaom uwd&rSomv#if +Adwdo#ppfa&;ud;yrf;csufrsm;udk ulnDyHhydk;&rnf?
+Adwdo#tpdk;&taeESifh xdkuJhodk uwda=unmcsufryygu ppfa&;ud;yrf;csufrsm;udk tifwkduftm;wdkuf
qefusif&rnf? wHkjyefonfhtaeESifh +Adwdo#tpdk;&onf trsKd;om;a&;v_yf&Sm;aeol trsm;tjym;udk
zrf;qD;vdkufygonf? 1940 ckESpf ukefqHk;csdefY ocifacgif;aqmif tajrmuftjrm;ESifh a'gufwmbarmfwdkrSm
axmifxJa&mufae=uay+yD?
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*syefESifh r[mrdwfzJGjcif;
ocifatmifqef;onf vufeufudkifwdkufyJGqifEJ$&ef vdktyfaumif;vdktyfrnf[k ,lqcJhonfrSm
umvtwef=umuyif jzpfygonf? uav;b0u wdkufcdkufawmfvSef&ef pdwful;,OftdyfrufcJhaomfvnf;
vGwfvyfa&;udk tajccHOya'abmiftwGif;rS EkdifiHa&;enf;jzifh &,lEkdifrnfh tvm;tvmudk tpOfwpdkuf
y,fxm;cJholr[kwfyg? wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0u tpdk;&0efxrf; (xdkpOfu tkdifpDtuf/ bDpDtuf)
pmar;yJGajzqdkum if;wdk. ynm&SifyDopGm EkdifiHa&;vkyfudkifr_ESifh rsKd;cspfpdwfxufoefr_wdka=umifh
oludk,fwkdifav;pm;aom tdENd,EkdifiHa&;orm;tcsKd. erlemtwdkif; vkyfudkif&efudkvnf; ocifatmifqef;
pOf;pm;cJhzl;.? trsm;od ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifwOD; jzpfvm+yD;aemufydkif;Y &efukefwuUodkvf
t*FvdyfpmygarmuQtm; ay;ydkaom pmwapmifwGif olonf +idrf;csrf;aom awmfvSefa&;orm; om
jzpfonf[k a&;om;cJha=umif; =um;od&ygonf? odkaomfvnf; jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; ta&;tcif;rsm;.
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trsKd;om;a&;wkdufyJGtwGuf jynfolvlxkudk pnf;Hk;&efjzpfonf[k ,lqcJhonf? usaemfhrSmvnf;
t=urf;rsOf;tpDtpOfwck&SdcJhonf? if;tpDtpOfrSm +Adwdo#e,fcsJpepfudk wjynfvHk;wGif qefusif&ef/
Tv_yf&Sm;r_udk urBmhtajctae ArmhtajctaeESifhtnD wqwqwdk;csJ&ef/ rdaetvkyform;
awmaetvkyform;wdk.
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csDwufyJGrsm;rSpI jynfolwdk. tm%mzDqefa&;wdkufyJGtxd qufvufqifEJ$&ef/ pD;yGm;a&;t&wGifvnf;
+Adwdo#ukefypPnf;rsm;udk oydwfarSmuf&mrSpI vlxkESifhcsDI tcGefray;a&;wdkufyJGtxd qifEJ$&ef
ppfzuftkyfcsKyfa&;zufESifh ykvdyfzufuif;pcef;rsm; qufoG,fa&;vrf;a=umif;rsm;udk ajymufusm;enf;ESifh
0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufI
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tpDtpOfyifjzpfonf? +Adwdo#tpdk;&. vufeufudkifwyfrsm;/ txl;ojzifh +Adwdo#vlrsKd;r[kwfaom
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aqmif=urnf?)
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0efcHcJhygonf? ol. &Jabmf&Jbufrsm;wGif xdkpDrHudef;udk axmufcHol rrsm;vSyg? xdkuJhodkraxmufcHjcif;rSm
ocifatmifqef;tjrift& usaemfwdkrSm "e&Sifaygufp Zmwd&Sdolrsm;jzpf&m pOf;pm;p&m ajymqdk&mwGif
&J&ifhoavmuf/ jywfom;aom aqmif&Gufcsufudkvkyf&mY wGefqkwfavh&Sd=uavonf? jynfolvlxkudk
E_d;qG&rnfhvkyfief; =um&SnfcufcJrnfudkvnf; pdwfr&Snf=uay? usaemfwdktrsm;pkrSm vlxkwdkufyJGta=umif;
ajyma[m=uaomfvnf; vlxkwdkufyJG tusKd;tmedoifukd oabmrayguf=u ponfwdka=umifhyif
jzpfygonf? odkaomf ocifatmifqef;onf trsKd;om;a&;0g'Drsm; ajymufusm;wkdufyJG qifEJ$Ekdif&ef
vufeufrsm;&Sd&efvdkonf [laom xifjrifcsufudk tcdkiftrmqufvufqyk fudkifxm;ygonf? aemufqHk;wGif
if;wdkteufrS wOD;OD; jrefrmjynfjyifyodkoGm;+yD; tultnD/ taxmuftyHhESifh vufeufrsm;&Sm&ef
qHk;jzwfvdkufygonf? xdktcgu usaemfwOD;wnf;om ajratmufY aeae&aoma=umifh xdkodkoGm;&ef
usaemfhudka&G;cs,fcJh=uavonf [k ocifatmifqef; rSwfwrf;wifcJhygonf?
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jzpfaom ulvefpkodk a&mufoGm;=uygonf? xdkae&mY olwdkESpfOD; vtenf;i,fr# aomifwifae+yD;
wkwfuGefjrLepfrsm;ESifh qufoG,f&ef ud;pm;csufrsm;vnf; atmifjrifjcif;r&SdcJhyg? wkwfuGefjrLepfrsm;ESifh
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&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh
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a'gufwmbarmfae&mY
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tvnfa&mufpOfu a'gufwmodrf;armifESifh awGcJh.? TawGqHkqufoG,fr_rSwqifh *syefrsm;u
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jzpfygonf?
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tcrf;tem;rsm;wGifif; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf
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9
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10
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11
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* * *
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* * *
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* * *
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ayghyg;oGm;ap&eftwGuf jzpfvmor# jy\emwdkonf tcsKdaomtzJGtpnf;rsm;/ vlwef;pm;rsm;/
vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHrsm;. ya,m*a=umifh jzpfonf[laom ra&r&m/ a[mif;EGrf;aqG;ajrvSonfh
oDtdk&Dt,ltqrsm;udk axmufcHtm;ay;=uygawmhonf? wzufapmif;eif; oabmxm;/ ta=umif;rJh
,HkrSm;oHo,jzpfr_ESifh t=urf;zufr_rsm;udk jzpfay:apaom ,if;t,ltqrsm;onf t"dutm;jzifh
w&m;cH&Smjcif;omjzpf+yD; wm0ef0wW&m;udk jiif;qefjcif;/ vlr_pD;yGm;a&; tajccHjy\emrsm;.
oabmobm0ukd ajzmifhrwfpGm ynmOm%fjzifh roHk;oyfEkdifjcif;/ ,if;jy\emrsm;udk ZJG&Sd&Sdjzifh ckdifrmpGm
rudkifwG,fEkdifjcif;
ponfwdkudk
jyo&ma&mufygonf?
jzpfajrmufatmifjrifr_rSefor#ukd
kyfydkif;qkdif&mtjrifjzifhom
wefzdk;jzwfjcif;onf
vltzJGtpnf;udk
usOf;ajrmif;ap&ef
uefowfxm;aomtjrifyif
jzpfygonf?
Ttjrift&omqdkygu
vltzJGtpnf;qdkonfrSm
touf&Sifoefvdkaom pdwfavmufudkom od&SdcJh=uaom orkdif;rwdkifrDacwf vlowW0grsm;xuf
tenf;i,fr#om wkd;wufonfh twWjyif;aom pm;oHk;ukefpkaqmif;onfh tzJGtpnf;w&yfyif
jzpfaeygwmhonf? xdkxuf omvGefjrifhjrwfaom t&nftaoG;rsm; &Sdap&efrSm pdwfydkif;qkdif&mrsm;udkvnf;
wefzdk;xm;&rnf jzpfygonf?
vlom;taeESifh aomuuif;a0; vHkcHa&;udk vdkcsifawmifhw=uonfrSm vHk;0 oabmusvSygonf?
tv#Hy,fuG,f0aom kyf0wKypPnf;rsm;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrd ywf0kdif;I tm;jznfhxm;jcif;jzifh vHkcHr_&&Sdrnf
r[kwfonfrSm cdkifrmaom oufaoom"ursm;&Sdygonf? odkaomfvnf; vlaygif;rsm;pGmwdkonf
kyf0wKypPnf;rsm; pkpnf;EkdifrSomv#if vHkcHr_udk tmrcHay;Ekdifrnfhtvm; yrlae=uonfrSm 0rf;enf;p&myif
jzpfygonf? urBmhvHkcHa&;udk ,ae t}uD;tus,f tEW&m,fyaeonfrSm tqif;&JqHk;EdkifiHrsm;.
pD;yGm;a&;csKdwJhr_
r[kwfyg?
vlavmu.
trsKd;rsKd;aom
ZmwdpdwfESifh
vdkvm;csufwdkudk
(a':atmifqef;pk=unf "gwfyHkvmygonf?)
(pmrsufESmwckvHk; wif&rnfacgif;pOf)
tydkif;-c
1988 =o*kwfvrS 1989 Zlvkdifvtxd
ajym=um;cJhaom
rdefcGef;ESifh owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGrsm;
14
a&$wd*kHapwDawmf taemufrkcf vlxkpnf;a0;yJG
&efukefrdY =o*kwfv 26 &uf 1988 ckESpfwGif ajym=um;onf?
* * *
&[ef;&Sifvl jynfolvlxktaygif;wdk/ tck vlxktpnf;ta0;yJG}uD;[m jynfolvlxk&J qENudk
wurBmvHk;uodap&ef xkwfazmfjyovdkufwmygyJ? tJh'Dawmh 'Dvlxk tpnf;ta0;yJG}uD;rSm jynfolvlxk[m
pnf;urf;&Sd&SdeJ nDnDnGwfnGwf quf+yD; vkyfoGm;=uyg&ap? tck 'Dtpnf;ta0;yJG}uD; wem&DeD;yg;
aemufuswmudkvnf; usr awmif;yefygw,f? 'DudkvmwJhtcgrSm vrf; tifrwef ydwfaewma=umifhrdkvdk
ra&mufvmEdkifcJhjcif;jzpfygw,f?
'Duae usif;ywJh tpnf;ta0;}uD;uawmh jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;[m ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepfudk
&csifaewJhqEN jyif;jyaewma=umifhrdkvdk usif;y&wJh tpnf;ta0;}uD;jzpfygw,f? tck tpnf;ta0;yJG}uD;
jzpfEkdifwJhtajctaeudk
b,folawGup+yD;
OD;aqmifwmvJqdkawmh
Armjynfu
ausmif;ol/
ausmif;om;taygif;
jzpfygw,f?
'Dausmif;olausmif;om;taygif;&J
OD;aqmifr_a=umifh
'Dausmif;olausmif;om;taygif;[m
touftaocH+yD;
OD;aqmifay;wma=umifhrdk
usrwdk
'Dvdktpnf;ta0;}uD;vkyfEkdifwJh tajctaea&mufcJhygw,f? 'ga=umifhrdkvdk toufaysmufoGm;wJh
ausmif;olausmif;om;tm;vHk;udk wrdepfcef *k%fy+yD;aemuf tr#a0wJhtaeeJ tm;vHk; wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwf
+idrf+idrf wrdepfcef aeapcsifygw,f?
tcrf;tem;r;. toH (usqHk;oGm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tav;yaomtm;jzifh wrdepf
+idrfoufyg&ef arwWm&yfcHygonf cifAsm;)
tckqdkvdk&Sd&if tm;vHk; 'DrSma&mufaewJh vlxky&dowf}uD;[m 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk ar#mfrSef;+yD;awmh
'DrSma&mufaew,fvdk xifygw,f? tJh'Dawmh 'Drdkua&pDyef;wdkifudk a&mufzdk&mrSm vlxktm;vHk;u
pnf;pnf;vHk;vHk;/ nDnDnGwfnGwf/ pnf;urf;&Sd&SdeJ csDwufrSyJ a&mufEdkifrSmyg?
("gwfyHkrsm; vmygonf)
tay: - armifaomfu (OD;baomf-uG,fvGef)/ atmifqef;pk=unfESifh cifoDwmxGef;
=o*kwfv 24 &uf 1988 ckESpfY &efukefaq;Hk}uD;a&SwGif rdefcGef;ajym=um;pOf
atmuf - 1988 ckESpf =o*kwfv 26 &uf a&$wd*HkapwDawmfY rdefcGef;ajym=um;pOf
(rdefcGef;tqufvmygonf)
'DudpPrSm usr tcef;uudkvnf; eJeJ&Sif;jyyg&ap? bmjzpfvdkvJqdkawmh vltaygif;u
usrta=umif; odyf+yD;awmh rod=uygbl;? rod=uwJhtcgusawmh odcsifwJhqENawGvnf; &Sdygw,f? 'guvnf;
rSefwJhtwdkif;ygyJ? odawmhvnf; odxdkufygw,f? tJh'Dawmh wcsKduvnf; ajym=uw,f? usr[m EdkifiHjcm;rSm
aew,f? EkdifiHjcm;om;eJ tdrfaxmifusaew,f? ArmjynfEkdifiHa&;ta=umif; bmodovJvdk ajym=uygw,f?
yxr usr 'Duaep+yD;awmh jynfolvlxkeJ yGifhyGifhvif;vif; qufqHyg&ap? usr EkdifiHjcm;rSm
aecJhw,fqdkwmvnf; rSefygw,f? EdkifiHjcm;om;eJ tdrfaxmifusw,fqdkwmvnf; rSefygw,f? 'gayr,fh
'gav;twGufa=umifheJ usr wkdif;jynftay:rSmxm;wJh arwWm[m b,fvdkeJrS usqif;roGm;Ekdifygbl;?
aemufwck ajymcsifwmuawmh usr[m ArmjynfEdkifiHa&;ta=umif; bmrS em;rvnfbl;wJh?
wu,fawmh em;vnfvGef;vdk cufaewmyJ? ArmEdkifiHa&; b,favmuf_yfaxG;w,f/ 'D_yfaxG;r_'%fudk azaz
b,favmufcHcJh&w,fqdkwm usrwdk rdom;pk todqHk;ygyJ? azaz[m pdwfyef;udk,fyef;eJ 'DEkdifiHa&;udk
vkyfaqmifvmwm[m
bmtusKd;pnf;pdrfrS
rcHpm;cJh&ygbl;?
'ga=umifhrdkvdkvnf;
vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;wJhtcgusvdk&Sd&if xyf+yD;awmh tm%mvkwJh EdkifiHa&;rsKd;udk qufrvkyfbl;qdkwm azaz
twdtvif; ajymoGm;ygw,f?
'Dvdk ajymoGm;wmrsKd;a=umifhrdkvdk usrvnf; EkdifiHa&;avmueJ a0;a0;uif;uif; aecsifygw,f?
tJh'Dvdk a0;a0;uif;uif; aecsifcJhvsufom;eJ tckrS 'Dta&;tcif;rSm yg0ifaeovJvdk ar;p&m&Sdygw,f?
tJh'D[muawmh 'Dta&;tcif;[m wwdkif;jynfvHk;eJqdkifwJh ta&;tcif;jzpfaeygw,f? usrrSmvnf;
azazh&JorD;vkyf+yD;awmh acgif;a&Smif+yD;awmh aevdkrjzpfawmhbl;? 'Dta&;tcif;[m wu,fawmh
'kwd,vGwfvyfa&;wkdufyJG}uD;vdk ac:&ifvnf; jzpfygw,f? 'Drdkua&pDvGwfvyfa&;udk wrsKd;om;vHk;
vdkcsifwJhqEN jyif;jyvGef;vdk jzpfay:vmwJh wdkufyJG}uD; jzpfygw,f?
'Drdkua&pDeJywfouf&if azazajymcJhwJh tcsufuav;wckudk usr zwfjycsifygw,f?
'Dtcsufuawmh usaemfwdk[m 'Drdkua&pD0g'udo
k m acwfpm;atmifvkyf&r,f? tJh'D 0g'rsKd;t&om
vGwfvyfwJh ArmEkdifiH xlaxmifEkdifatmif ud;pm;&r,f? 'grsKd;rvkyfEkdif&if usaemfwdkjrefrmjynfu
vlawGvnf; epfemr,f? usaemfwdkjynfudkvnf; urBmu =unfhaevdk r&wJhwae *syefeJ *smr%D 0dkif;+yD;
tESdrfcH&ovdk tESdrfcH&r,fqdkwmudk owd&Sd=u&r,f? 'Drdkua&pD0g'uom vGwfvyfa&;eJ qDavsmfw,f? 'D
0g'om +idrf;csrf;a&;udk tm;ay;w,f tJh'g[m azazajymcJhwJh pum;awGyg?
("gwfyHkvmygonf)
1988 ckESpf =o*kwfv 26 &ufae a&$wd*HkapwDawmfY rdefcGef;ajym=um;pOf
(rdefcGef;tqufvmygonf)
'ga=umifhrdkvdk usr[m usr&Jtaz tpOftvmtwdkif; 'Drdkua&pD vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyJGudk
0ifvdkEJ$cJh&ygw,f? tJh'Dawmh 'Drkdua&pD&zdk&ef jynfolvlxktm;vHk; pnf;vHk;nDnGwzf dk vdkygw,f? nDnGwf&if
bmrqdk jzpfEkdifygw,f? rnDnGwf&if bmrS rwwfEkdifbl;?
tcrf;tem;r;
jynfolvlxk}uD;cifAsm;/ tck a':atmifqef;pk=unf tqdkycsuftay:rSm usaemfwdk
vlxktpnf;ta0;yJG}uD; tqHk;tjzwfudk cH,lzdk jzpfygw,f?
tqdkycsuf (1)
jrefrmEkdifiHw0Srf;vHk;&Sd ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ESifhwuG vlxkvlwef;pm;aygif;pHkyg0ifI tzrf;cH
aoG;ajruscH+yD; wygwDpepf zsufodrf;a&;eJ ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepf wnfaqmufa&;wdkudk wcJeuf
qENycJh=u+yDjzpfI xdkudpPtwGuf vlxkqENcH,lyJG usif;yyvkyfay;&ef rvdktyfawmh+yDjzpfa=umif;
a':atmifqef;pk=unf&J tqdkycsufudk vlxk}uD;u axmufcHygovm;cifAsm;?
(axmufcHygw,f) 3
tqdkycsuf (2)
jrefrmEkdifiHw0Srf;vHk;&Sd ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ESifhwuG &[ef;&Sifvljynfoltaygif;rS wcJeuf
qENjycJh=u+yD;jzpfaoma=umifh
wygwDpepfudk
zsufodrf;+yD;awmh
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepfjzifh
tpm;xkd;wnfaqmuf=u&efom&Sda=umif;
a':atmifqef;pk=unfu
tqdkycJhygw,f?
'Dtqdkudk
axmufcHygovm;cifAsm;?
(axmufcHygw,f) 3
tqdkycsuf (3)
jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;tm; udk,fpm;y&aom jynfoludk,fpm;vS,f tppftrSefrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm
a&G;aumufwifajrmufEkdif&ef w&m;r#w oef&Si;f aom taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG}uD;udk tjrefqHk;
usif;yEkdifa&;twGuf =um;jzwftpdk;& zJGpnf;ay;&eftqdkukd a':atmifqef;pk=unfu tqdkyygw,f?
jynfolvlxk}uD;u axmufcHygovm;cifAsm;?
(axmufcHygw,f) 3
usaemf tck 'Dtpnf;ta0;yJG}uD;&J auG;a=umfoHudk wdkifay;yghr,f?
* qENcH,lyJG tvdkr&Sd/ tvdkr&Sd
* wygwDpepf zsufodrf;ypf
* ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepf wnfaqmufay;
* w&m;r#waom a&G;aumufyJG tjrefqHk; usif;yay;
* =um;jzwftpdk;& zJGpnf;ay; [laom auG;a=umforH sm;udk tcrf;tem;r; OD;xGef;a0rSwkdifay;I
vlxky&dowf}uD;u wcJeuf auG;a=umfI eHeuf 11 em&D 30 rdepftcsdefwGif tpnf;ta0;}uD;udk
atmifjrifpGm kyfodrf;vdkufygonf?
15
'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&;ESifh jynfolrsm;. tcef;u
68 }udrfajrmuf trsKd;om;aetxdrf;trSwf =o0g'cH,lyJGY trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGcsKyf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r;
a':atmifqef;pk=unf a[majymrdef=um;csuf 3-12-88
* * *
ckvdk (68) }udrfajrmuf trsKd;om;aetcrf;tem;udk zdwfac:wmudk aus;Zl;wifygw,f?
trsKd;om;aeeJywfoufvdkawmh tcrf;tem;r;u ajymoGm;wJhtwkdif; trsKd;om;aeqdkwm 1920
ckESpfwkef;u ausmif;om;oydwf}uD; pcJhwJhaejzpfygw,f? ausmif;om;oydwfudk a&$wd*Hkbk&m;rSm
paeaxmifhuae+yD;awmh wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf (10) &ufaerSm oydwfpzkd oabmwlvdkuf=uw,f?
tJh'Dawmh wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf (10) &ufae[m trsKd;om;aeqdk+yD;awmh owfrSwfvdkufygw,f?
trsKd;om;aeeJywfoufvdk xkwfvdkufwJh a=unmcsuf[m tck usrwdk jyefzwf=unfhvdkufwJhtcgusawmh
cktcsdeftcgeJ tifrwefrS oifhavsmfaeygw,f? tJh'ga=umifh usr 'gudk eJeJav; zwfjycsifygw,f? 'gu
oydwfarSmufaumifpD. 1920 jynfh 'DZifbmv 8 &ufaepJGjzifh wkdif;jynfodk xkwfjyefonfh a=unmcsufwJh?
wkdif;oljynfom;rsm;odk &efukefaumvdyfESifh ,k'\efaumvdyf&Sd usaemfwdk ausmif;om;tm;vHk;wdkonf tqHk;Y
b,fvdkjzpfrnfudk aocsmrod&ao;aom udpPwckudk pwifyvkyf=uygonf? odk&mwGif usaemfwdkonf
w&m;enf;vrf;rSefuefa=umif;udk aumif;rGefckdif+rJpGm od&Sd&ygonf? usaemfwdkonf wwdkif;wjynfvHk;
u|efwGif;u rnfonfhtcgrS rvGwfruif;Ekdifv#if AsLdku&ufwdkonf ody`Hausmif;Oya'udk xkacszsufqD;&ef
t}uH&Sdygonf? usaemfwdk wkdif;jynfom;wdk. pdwftm;xufoefaom tultnDtm;jzifh vli,frsm;wdku
ckcHzdzsufjcif;rSwyg; tjcm;aomenf;jzifh wkdif;jynfudk u,fq,fzdk&ef enf;vrf;r&Sd[k ,Hk=unfygonf?
usaemfwdkonf jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd vltrsm;wdk. ynmtqDtESpfESifhjynfhpHkaom ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfrnfudk
&nfoefI ulnDapmifr&ef awmif;yefajym=um;ygonf? usaemf
("gwfyHkrsm; vmygonf?)
1989 ckESpfwGif pnf;Hk;a&;qif;aepOf
(rdefcGef;tqufvmygonf)
wdkpdwfxJ pJG+rJpGm ,Hk=unfaom Tvkyfief;}uD;onf wkdif;jynfY vdktyfaom tcsuf}uD;wckudk
xkwfazmfajymqdkjcif;yif rnfygonf? Tum; tjcm;r[kwf? trsKd;om;ody`Hausmif;}uD;aywnf;?
xdkausmif;}uD;rS jrefrmEdkifiH. om;orD;rsm;ESifh oifhavsmfaom ynm&yfrsm;udk &Ekdifayonf? tdENd,EkdifiHY
trsKd;om;ausmif;awG tvdktavsmuf ay:aygufvm=uay&m jrefrmEdkifiHuvnf; aemufrus&atmif
jrefrmwdkonf EkdifiHom;ppfI cspfcJhygv#if b,feHa&mtcgr# rwnfaxmifEkdifbJ &Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg?
pdwfygvufygvkyfv#if rkcsjzpfygvdrfhrnf?
'Dwkef;uawmh ajymwmuawmh 'DwuUodkvfudpPeJywfouf+yD;awmh ajymwmyJ? 'gayrJh
ajymoGm;wJhtoHk;tE_ef;awGu tck 'Drdkua&pDwkdufyJGtwGuf oHk;r,fqdk&ifvnf; tifrwef oifhavsmfygw,f?
'D[m aemifb,fvdkjzpfr,f rodayr,fhvnf; udk,fwwfEkdifor# rSefuefa=umif;udk aumif;rGefpGm/ cdkif+rJpGm
od&SdI vkyfygonfqdkwm/ tck 'Drdkua&pDwdkufyJGvnf; 'Dtwkdif;yJ? aemif b,fvdkjzpfr,fqdkwmvnf; rodbl;?
aemifb,fvdkjzpfr,fqdkwm rodbJeJ 'DwkdufyJG0if&jcif;[m rSefuefw,f/ oifhavsmfw,fqdkwm ,Hk=unfvdk
tm;vHk;0ifcJh=uwmyJ? 'ga=umifh 'DudpPeJywfoufvdk 'Drdkua&pD&rSmvm;/ taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG
vkyfrSmvm;vdk ar;&ifvnf; usr 'Dtwdkif;yJ ajymw,f? jzpfrSm/ rjzpfrSmudk rpOf;pm;aeygeJ/ udk,f
rSefwmuefwmudkvkyfwm vkyfvdkufyg? 'D aemuftusK;d qufawG[m olzmomol jzpfvmygvdrfhr,f? tJh'DrSm
udk,fh&Jwm0efuawmh rSefwJhudpPudkvkyfzdkyJ? 'D 'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_xJrSm tm;vHk;0ifvm+yDqdkuwnf;u
usrwdk atmifyJGcHEdkifw,fqdkwJh ar#mfvifhcsuf&Sdvdkom 0ifvmwmyJ? Oyrmtm;jzifhqdkvdk&Sd&if ydifyJGwck
0ifydifwJhvl[m Ekdifr,fxifvdk ydifwmyJ? xDxdk;wJhvlqdkwmvnf; xDaygufEkdifwJhudef; &Sdw,fxifvdk
xdk;vdkufwmyJ? b,folurSawmh rEdkifbl;xifvdk&Sd&if 0ifydifrSmr[kwfbl;? rjzpfEkdifbl;qdkvdk&Sd&if
* * *
'Dowif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJvkyf&wJh
ta=umif;uawmh
tckwavm
vkyfom;jynfolaepOfeJ
jrefrmhtoHrSm a=unmaewJh owif;awGeJywfoufvdkyJ jzpfygw,f? wevFmaeu vSnf;wef;/
urm&GwfrSmjzpfwJh udpPeJywfoufvdk vkyfom;jynfolaepOfeJ jrefrmhtoHu owif;t&qdkvdk&Sd&if
uav;rsm;u oGm;+yD;awmh qlylatmifvdk wcsKdEdkifiHa&;tzJGtpnf;awGu vkyfaqmifw,fvdk
qdkwJhoabmrsKd;eJ a&;vdkufygw,f? aemuf+yD;awmhvnf; usrwdk&J tzJGcsKyfemrnfudk odyf+yD;
xifxif&Sm;&Sm;}uD; a&;xm;w,f/ apmif;+yD;awmh tift,f'Duae+yD;awmh v_Haqmfvdk uav;rsm;u
oGm;+yD;awmh qlylw,fvdk/ 'DoabmrsKd;eJ a&;oGm;wmudk jrif&ygw,f?
'geJywfoufvdk usr b,fvdkjrifvJqdkawmh tJh'Daeutjzpftysufudk usr wcsdefvHk; odygw,f?
pjzpfuwnf;u usr 'Duae=um;aew,f? uav;awG [dkrSmeJeJqlqlylyljzpfw,fqdkwmeJ usrwdktzJGcsKyfu
+idrf;+idrf;csrf;csrf; +yD;oGm;atmifvdk vdkuf+yD;awmh vkyfwmyJ? uav;awGudk usrwdkudk,fwkdifvnf;
vdkufxdef;w,f? vli,ftcsif;csif;vnf; vdkufxdef;w,f? aemuf+yD;awmh +idrf;+idrf;csrf;csrf;eJ vlpkcJGzdkqdkwm
tJh'DrSmvm+yD;awmh
wm0ef,lwJhwyfrawmft&m&Sdudk
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGcsKyfxJu
wm0ef&SdwJhyk*~Kdvfrsm;u oGm;a&muf+yD;awmh at;at;csrf;csrf; jzpfa&;twGuf aqG;aEG;cJhw,f?
tJh'Dvkdvkyfwmudk wm0ef&SdwJh wyfrawmfyk*~Kdvfrsm;u od&Sdvsufom;eJ bmjzpfvdk vkyfom;jynfolaepOfeJ
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wyfrawmfu wm0ef&SdwJhyk*~KdvfeJ usrwdktzJGcsKyfu wm0ef&SdwJh yk*~Kdvfuae oGm;+yD;awmh
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usrwdktzJGcsKyfudk tjypf&SmcsifwJhoabm[m tifrwefudk xif&Sm;aeygw,f? 'gwifruao;bl;?
raeujzpfwJh udpPawGrSmvnf; xdkenf;if;ygyJ?
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=um;wmeJ usrwdktzJGcsKyfHk;uvnf; *dwf0udk ydwfxm;w,f? usrwdktdrfuvnf; *dwf0udk ydwfxm;w,f?
'gayr,fhvnf; 0kef;/ 0kef; qdk+yD;awmh vlpkvla0;a&mufvmw,f? tjyifu vli,fcsnf;yJ/ vlpdrf;awGcsnf;yJ?
'Dvdkjzpfvnf;jzpfa&m wyfuvnf; w0kef;0kef;eJ a&mufvmwmyJ?
wyfom;rsm;u 0g;&if;wkwfrsm;udk oHql;ud;rsm;ywf+yD;awmh udkifxm;w,f? tJh'gvnf;
trsm;}uD;ar;p&myJ?
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* * *
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pnf;Hk;a&;c&D;xGufwJhtcg wcgwav usrwdk tpDtpOftwdkif;rjzpfygbl;? vrf;rSmqdkvdk&Sd&ifvnf;
wcgwav tcuftcJav;awG awGwwfygw,f? 'ga=umifhrdkvdk 'Dvdk aemufus&jcif;jzpfygw,f?
jrpf}uD;em;udk rvmcifwkef;uqdk&if =um;&wmawmh jrpf}uD;em;rSm 'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_&J tajctae
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tJh'Dawmh usru enf;enf;tm;i,frdygw,f? 'gayrJh tckvmwJhtcgusawmhvnf; jynfolvlxku
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ucsifjynfe,frSm&SdwJh awmifwef;om; vlrsKd;pkrsm;[m owWd&Sdw,fqdkwm usrwdktm;vHk;yJ tpu
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EkdifiHa&;qdkwm vlwkdif;vlwdkif;eJqdkifwJh udpPyg? EdkifiHwEkdifiH wdk;wufzdk/ wnfwHhckdif+rJzdkqdkwm
tm;vHk;0dkif;+yD; ud;pm;zdkvdkygw,f? vlwkdif;vlwkdif;[m wkdif;jynftay:rSm ppfrSefwJh apwemxm;&ygvdrfhr,f?
udk,fhtzJGtpnf;tusKd;udkyJ vkyfaer,f/ udk,fhtodkif;t0kdif;tusKd;yJ vkyfaer,f qdkvdk&Sd&ifawmh
ppfrSefwJhapwemvdk rac:Edkifygbl;?
usrwdkEdkifiH (26) ESpftwGif;rSm usqif;cJh&wm[m wkdif;jynfudk ppfrSefwJh apwemeJ rtkyfcsKyfvdkbJ?
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wckwnf;rSmyifv#if o,HZmwypPnf; b,favmufaygrsm;w,fqdkwm od+yD;om;yg? wEdkifiHvHk;udk cH+yD;awmh
=unfhvdkufr,fqdk&if usrwdkEdkifiH[m tifrwefrS csrf;omygw,f? 'Davmufcsrf;omvsufeJ jynfolvlxk[m
qif;&Jae&w,f/ pdk;&drfae&w,f/ a=umifh=uae&w,fqdkwmawmh rrSefuefwJh tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfa=umifhyJ?
pD;yGm;a&;atmifjrifr_qdkwm rSefuefwJhtkyfcsKyfa&;pepf&SdrS jzpfrSmyg? 'DtcsdefrSm pD;yGm;a&;ukd OD;rwnfbJeJ
EdkifiHa&;udk OD;wnfzdkvdkygw,f?
EkdifiHa&;atmifjrifr_awG&rS pD;yGm;a&;bufudk wcgjyef+yD;awmh usrwdk udk,fvdkcsifwJh yjyifr_awG
vkyf&rSmjzpfygw,f? 'Dawmh jynfolawGtaeeJ tcktcsdefrSm ppfrSefwJh 'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&;twGuf
0dkif;0ef;ulnD=uygvdk usr arwWm&yfcHcsifygw,f? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pktm;vHk;[m vufwJG+yD;awmh
wnDwnGwfwnf;eJ/ owWd&Sd&SdeJ udk,fh&Jwkdif;jynfaumif;usKd;twGuf rSefreS fuefuef vkyfoGm;r,fqdkvdk&Sd&if
vlwkdif;vlwkdif;[m ydk+yD;awmh csrf;om+yD; wdk;wufwJh jynfaxmifpk}uD;rSm aeEkdifrSmjzpfygw,f?
'DvdkOD;wnfcsufeJ 0dkif;+yD;awmh ud;pm;oGm;=uygvdk usr arwWm&yfcH&if;eJ ed*Hk;csKyfygw,f?
18
'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm; nDnGwfa&;
TrdefcGef;udk 1989 ckESpfwGif &efukefrdY ajym=um;onf[k ,lq&aomfvnf; ajym=um;onfh ae&ufESifh
ae&mudk pmwnf;taejzifh odEkdifpGrf; r&Sdyg?
* * *
19
Zlvkdif ckepf&ufae
zqyv tzJGcsKyfHk;Y 7-7-89 aewGif ajym=um;onfh rdefcGef;
* * *
20
wyfrawmf[m b,foltwGufvJ
vlabmifopfygwDHk; taemf&xmvrf;wGif 10-7-89 aeu ajym=um;onf?
* * *
tcktcsdefrSmqdkvdk&Sd&if usrwkd[m Zlvkdifv 7 &ufaewkef;u ausmif;om;vli,frsm; usqHk;cJhjcif;/
or*~zdcJGcH&jcif; tcrf;tem;udk ESpfywfvnf usif;ycJh+yD;yg+yD? Zlvdkifv 19 &ufaerSm tmZmenfaejzpfwJh
azazeJwuG tjcm;EkdifiHhacgif;aqmifrsm; usqHk;wJhaevnf; vmygOD;r,f? tJh'Dawmh 'DtcsdefrSm
usrwdktm;vHk; pOf;pm;p&mawG trsKd;rsKd;&Sdygw,f? t&iftywfu qdkvdk&Sd&if EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;a&; OuUX
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wdkbufrSm vufeuf&Sdvdk oHk;csifwkdif; oHk;Ekdifw,fvdk ajymwJh oabm[m eJeJrS roifhawmfygbl;? 'g[m
tpdk;&taeeJ oHk;oifhoHk;xkdufwJh pum;vHk;rsm;vnf; r[kwfygbl;? ajymoifhajymxdkufwJh udpPrsm;vnf;
r[kwfygbl;? xm;oifhxm;xdkufwJh oabmxm;rsm;vnf; r[kwfygbl;? tckqdkvdk&Sd&if wyfrawmfua&m/
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azazqHk;oGm;wm 42 ESpfjynfhawmhr,f/ tJh'Dawmh 'Dvdk 42 ESpfjynfhwJhtcrf;tem; rwkdifcif usrwdk
pOf;pm;&r,f? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m wyfrawmf&J zcifvdk qdkvdk&Sd&if wyfrawmf[m azazvdkcsifwJhtwkdif;
vkyfae&Jvm;? wyfrawmf&J zcifqdkwJh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; csrSwfvdkufwJh vrf;pOftwdkif; 'Dwyfrawmf[m
quf+yD;awmh vkkyfae&Jvm;qdkwm usrwdk ar;&vdrfhr,f? 'Dvdkar;wJhtcgusrS usr b,fvdkjrif&ovJqdkawmh
azaz[m wyfrawmf vrf;rSm;oGm;rSm tifrwefrS pdk;&drfcJhw,f? xyfwvJvJ ajymcJhw,f? rif;wdkvufxJrSm
vufeuf&Sdvdk vkyfcsifwkdifvkyfvdk&r,f rxifeJ? jynfolvlxkudk +cdrf;ajcmufwm/ ESdyfpufwm/ zdpD;wm/
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tifrwefrS pdk;&drfcJhw,f? 'DavmufawmifrS pdk;&drfaevsufeJ bmjzpfvdk vrf;rSm;oGm;&ovJ? OD;ae0if;[m
wyfrawmfudk vrf;rSm;ay: wifay;vdkufw,f? tck 'DrSm wyfrawmfxJrSm &SdaewJh wyfrawmfom;rsm;/
t&m&Sdrsm; pOf;pm;yg? wyfrawmf&J zcifqdkwm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;qdk+yD;awmh twdtvif;a=unmxm;+yD;
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;[m wyfrawmfudk b,fvdktaetxm;&SdapcsifovJqdkwm jyef+yD;awmh oHk;oyfyg?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wyfrawmfvm;/ Adkvfae0if;wyfrawmfvm;qdkwm qHk;jzwf&awmhr,f? usr 'gudk &Sif;&Sif;yJ
ajymjyr,f? c%c% trsKd;rsKd;ajymaevdk tvum;yJ? aemufqHk;awmh 'Dar;cGef;yJ? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&J
vrf;pOfudkvdkufr,fh wyfrawmfvm;/ Adkvfae0if;&J rqv vrf;pOfudkvkdufr,fh wyfrawmfvm;?
usrwdktaeeJ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&J vrf;pOfudkvdkufr,fh wyfrawmfqdkvdk&Sd&if jynfolvlxkeJ waoG;xJ/
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aemuf+yD;awmhvnf;
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21
e0wESifh &ifqkdifaqG;aEG;a&;
TrdefcGef;udk 1989 ckESpfwGif ajym=um;cJhaomfvnf; ajymqdkonfhae&mESifh ae&ufudk pmwnf;taeESifh
odEkdifpGrf; r&Sdyg?
* * *
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;apmarmif&J owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGudpPudk ajymoGm;cJh&ygw,f? 'DudpPawG ajym&if;eJyJ usr
pOf;pm;rdw,f? wcsKdvl}uD;awGu ajymygw,f? usrwdk[m e0w aumif;a=umif;vnf; wcgwav
ajymygOD;vdk usrudk ajymygw,f? tJh'Dawmh e0w aumif;a=umif;ajymzdk usr pOf;pm;aeygw,f?
bmawGajym&rvJvdk/
bmawGajym&rvJqdk+yD;awmh
pOf;pm;wJhtcgusawmh
usrwdk
EkdifiHa&;tzJGtpnf;awGudkawmh w&m;0ifrSwfyHkwifcGifhay;ygw,f? tJh'D[m [m e0w vkyfaqmifcsufrSm
aumif;wJhtcsufwckjzpfygw,f? 'gayrJh 'Dvdk EkdifiHa&;tzJGtpnf;awGudk w&m;0ifrSwfyHkwifcGifh
ay;xm;+yD;awmh/ wu,fawmh EkdifiHa&;tzJGtpnf;rsm;taeeJ EkdifiHa&;udk xdxda&mufa&muf
vkyfydkifcGifhusawmh ray;bl;vdk usrawmh ajym&rSmyJ? tJhvdkajymvdkufjyefawmhvnf; wzufuawmh
aumif;w,fvdkajym+yD;awmh wzufuawmh tjypf&Smw,fvdk tajymcH&rSmyJ? 'gayrJhvnf; tajymcH&ifvnf;
cH&rSmyJ? tck usrwdk jy\em[m 'gygyJ? wzufuawmh ay;oa,mifa,mifeJ wzufuawmh
tcGifhta&;rsm;udk ydwfyifae&wmudk awG&ygw,f? 'ga=umifhrdkvdk usrwdk[m uefuGufae&wmyg? raeu
AdkvfcsKyfr;}uD;apmarmiftaeeJ
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usrtay:rSm
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trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGcsKyftay:rSm rauseyfcsufrsm; ajymoGm;w,f? 'Dvdk rauseyfcsufrsm;
ajymoGm;wm[m usrwdk vufcHygw,f? rauseyfwm&Sdvdk&Sd&if ajymyg? usrwdktaeeJ jyef+yD;awmh
ajz&Sif;yghr,f? ta&;}uD;qHk; tcsufwcsufuawmh usrwdkudk oG,f0dkufaomenf;tm;jzifh uGefjrLepfawGvdk
pGyfpJGoGm;wJhtcsufygyJ? 'D[muawmh usr xl;xl;axGaxG odyf+yD;awmh rajymvdkygbl;? r[kwfrrSefbl;vdkyJ
ajymcsifygw,f? 'g[m r[kwfrrSefwJh udpPwckudk xyfwvJvJ ajz&Sif;ae&wm[m t"dy`m,fawmh
odyfr&Sdygbl;? usr[m uGefjrLepfvnf; r[kwfygbl;? uGefjrLepf0g'udk axmufcHolwOD;vnf; r[kwfygbl;?
jrefrmEkdifiHrSm uGefjrLepfawG v$rf;rdk;a&;twGuf vkyfaewmvnf; r[kwfygbl;? jrefrmEkdifiHrSm
jynfolvlxktm;vHk;[m 'Drdkua&pD tcGifhta&;rsm;/ tajccH vltcGifhta&;rsm; &&Sda&;twGuf
vHk;yef;aewmjzpfygw,fvdk usr ajymcsifygw,f?
'kwd,udpPuawmh usrwdktzJGcsKyf[m xdyfwdkufawGcsifw,f/ confrontation qdkwJh pum;vHk;udk
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AdkvfcsKyf}uD;apmarmifu oHk;oGm;ygw,f? 'gvnf; usr &Sif;jy&ygvdrfhr,f? Confrontation qdw
xdyfwdkufawGcsifw,fqdkwJh oabmeJ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;apmarmifu &Sif;jyoGm;ygw,f? usrwdktaeeJ
'Dvdkrjrifygbl;? usrwdk[m xdyfwdkufawGcsifwm r[kwfygbl;? 'gvnf; usr xyfwvJvJajym&vGef;vdk
tm;vnf; tm;emygw,f? usrwdk[m jy\emrsm;udk &ifqkdif+yD;awmhom ajz&Sif;csifwmygvdk usr
ajymygw,f?
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ajz&Sif;zdkqdkwm[m r&bl;qdkwJh taetxm;eJ ajymoGm;w,fvdk usr em;vnfygw,f? usrvnf;
22
owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJG trSwf 6
Towif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGudk 1989 ckESpfwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf. aetdrfY usif;yonf[k ,lq&aomfvnf;
usif;yonfhae&ufudk pmwnf;taeESifh odEkdifpGrf;r&Sdyg?
* * *
usrwdk 'Dae owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGrSmawmh &Si;f p&mawGu trsm;}uD;ygyJ? b,fup&rSef;awmif
rodygbl;? tJh'Dawmh &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; pvdkufwmuawmh e0w&J owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGuae pvdkufwm
ydk+yD;awmh tqifajyvdrfhr,fvdk xifygw,f? tck e0w[m qdkvdk&Sd&if =umoyaw;aewkef;u
owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGwck
vkyfoGm;ygw,f?
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e0w&Jbufu tjypfr&Sda=umif;/ usrwdkbufu tjypf&Sda=umif; qdkygawmhav? tJh'Dawmh
'DudpPav;awGudkawmh usr ajz&Sif;csifygw,f? b,fbufu tjypf&Sdw,f/ b,fbufu tjypfr&Sdbl;qdkwm
usrwdk ajymcsifvdk r[kwfygbl;? usrwdktzJGcsKyf&J &nf&G,fcsufawGuawmh b,fvdkvJ/ usrwdk&J
vkyfief;awGu b,fvdkvJ/ usrwdk&J oabmxm;awGu b,fvdkvJqdkwm rSefrSefuefuef &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;
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usr[m wyfrawmf&J yduJGa&;udk OD;wnfaeygw,f? 'kwd,uawmh usr[m uGefjrLepfqefygw,f?
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xnfh+yD;awmh rajymoGm;vJ? rdefcGef;wdkif;/ rdefcGef;wkdif;rSm usr wyfrawmfeJywfoufvdk ajymvdk&Sd&if tJh'D[m
rygbJ r+yD;ygbl;? wyfrawmfyduJGvdk rjzpfbl;? wyfrawmfyduJGvdk&Sd&if wdkif;jynfepfemr,fvdk usr
ajymoGm;ygw,f? 'D[mudk csefxm;+yD;awmh usr[m wyfrawmfyduJGa&;twGuf vkyfaew,fqdkwm
oufoufrJh rrSefruefenf;awGeJ usrudk wkdufcdkufwmyJ? 'Dawmh e0w&J owif;pm&Sif;vif;yJGwckvHk;[m
rrSefruefenf;awGeJ usreJ trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGcsKyfudk wkdufcdkufoGm;w,fvdk usr jrifygw,f?
'DudpPeJywfoufvdk qdkvdk&Sd&if e0wu pGyfpJGwm[m usrwdk[m qlylatmifv_Haqmfaew,f?
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGcsKyfu vkyfvdkufrSjzifh jy\emcsnf;yJ? tjcm;EkdifiHa&;tzJGtpnf;rsm;uawmh
xdef;xdef;odrf;odrf; at;at;csrf;csrf; vkyfoGm;ygw,fqdkwJh taetxm;eJ ajymoGm;ygw,f?
'Dawmh usrwdk&J pnf;Hk;a&;tjzpftysufuav;awGudk jyef+yD;awmh &Sif;jycsifygw,f? yxrOD;qHk;
usr pnf;Hk;a&;c&D;xGufwm[m atmufwdkbmv 1988 ckESpfujzpfygw,f? wkdif; (4) wkdif;eJ
&Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;udk usr a&mufcJhygw,f? tJ'Dc&D;xGufwkef;uqdkvdk &Sd&if usr tifrwefrS
qifqifjcifjcif ajymygw,f? tJ'Dtcsed fwkef;u usrajymcJhwJh udpPrsm;[m tzJGwGif;udpPyJ? tm%ml;awG
rvkyf=ueJ? trwfa&m*g rx=ueJ? ae&ma&m*g rx=ueJ? tcsif;csif; nDnGwf=u? 'Dtcsdefuaep+yD;
ae&ma&m*g xvdk&Sd&if jy\emwufr,f? 'Drdkua&pDoabmxm;t& usifh}uH=u? 'DvdkyJ usr ajymoGm;wmyJ?
usr wdkufcdkufwJhvl&Sdvdk&Sd&if usrwdktwGif;xJu vlawGyJ? usrwdktzJGtwGif;u ae&mtwGuf/
emrnftwGuf vkyfwJhvlawGudk usr wkdufcdkufajymqdkoGm;wmyJ? e0w udkvnf; usr bmrS rajymcJhbl;?
wpnawmifrS tifrwefrS usrajymwm enf;ygw,f? wcsKdae&mrSm wpn u 'Dvdk'Dvdkajym+yD;awmh
pnf;Hk;aew,fvdkajymwm usr jyef+yD;awmh wkefjyefwm&Sdygw,f? tJ'Dpnf;Hk;a&;c&D;wkef;u usr tifrwefrS
qifqifjcifjcif ajymygw,f? 'Dpnf;Hk;a&;c&D;wifrubl;? aemuf rGefjynfe,f pnf;Hk;a&;c&D;pOfvnf;
'Dtwkdif;ygyJ? rGefjynfe,f pnf;Hk;a&;c&D;xGufwkef;u qdkvdk&Sd&if y&dowf[m aomif;eJcsD+yD;awmh usrwdkudk
vmudygw,f? tJ'D[mudk e0w&J toHk;tE_ef;t& tcGifhaumif;,l+yD;awmh a[majymcJhw,fqdkwm wcgrS
r&Sdygbl;? usr t+rJyJ ajymcJhw,f? 'DtcsdfefrSm usrwdktaeeJ a[majymydkifcGifhr&Sdygbl;? 'ga=umifhrdkvdk
jynfolvlxkudk E_wfqufHkE_wfqufygw,f? trsm;tm;jzifh usr ajymcJhwm[m usef;rmygap? csrf;omygap?
wcgwavawmhvnf; &efolrsKd; ig;yg;tEW&m,frS uif;a0;ygapvdk usr xnfh+yD;awmh ajymcJhygw,f?
'Dxufydk+yD;awmh usr rajymcJhygbl;? 'Davmufawmif usrwdk xdef;xdef;odrf;odrf; qifqifjcifjcif vkyfygw,f?
tJh'DvdkvkyfwJhtxJrSm rGefjynfe,fpnf;Hk;a&;c&D; +yD;wJhtcgusawmh usrwdk&J pnf;Hk;a&;wm0efcHrsm;udk
23
jynfolvdkcsifwm atmifqef;vrf;pOf
1989 ck ZlvkdifwGif ajym=um;aom tmZmenfae tudrdefcGef;
* * *
24
rdefcGef;aumufEkwfcsufrsm;
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJGcsKyfrS xkwfa0aom rdefcGef;aumufEkwfcsufrsm;pmtkyfrS xkwfEkwfazmfjyonf?
* * *
usrwdk[m usrwdk&JEdkifiHxJrSm tusOf;om;jzpfae&w,fqdkwm urBmu odapcsifw,f? (20-7-89)
usr 'Duaeup+yD;awmh jynfolvlxkeJ yGifhyGifhvif;vif; qufqHyg&ap? usr EkdifiHjcm;rSm
aecJhw,fqdkwmvnf; rSefygw,f? EkdifiHjcm;om;eJ tdrfaxmifusw,fqdkwmvnf; rSefygw,f? 'gayrJh
b,fvdkrS
usqif;roGm;Ekdifygbl;?
acgif;aqmifwa,muf&J
t&nftcsif;udk
cefrSef;csifvdk&Sd&if
t&ifwkef;u
'Dacgif;aqmif[m
b,fvdkvkyfcJhovJ? wu,fyJ o,fydk;cJhovm;? wkdif;jynfuyJ 'Dacgif;aqmifudk o,fydk;cJhwmvm;?
'Dacgif;aqmifu wkdif;jynfudk o,fydk;cJhwmvm;qdkwm[m trsm;}uD;pOf;pm;zdk vdkygw,f? (acsmif;qHk 17-1288)
trSefudkvkyf&wm trSm;udkvkyf&wmxuf tifrwefrSudk cufygw,f? 'gayrJhvnf; aemufqHk;usawmh
trSefvkyfwJholuom atmifjrif&rSmyg? trSefw&m;vkyfwJholawGuom _H;&ifvnf; Ekdif&r,f/ Ekdif&ifvnf;
Ekdif&r,fqdkwm ajymvdk&ygw,f? trSefw&m;t& rvkyfwJholawGuawmh _H;&ifvnf; _H;&r,f/ Ekdif&ifvnf;
_H;&r,f? (tzJGcsKyfHk;/ rtlyif 14-1-89)
usrwdk 1988 u usqHk;oGm;wJh ausmif;om;av;awGqdk&if toufomaysmufoGm;w,f/ olwdkudk
qHk;_H;w,fvdk rqdkEdkifygbl;? olwdk[m atmifjrifjcif;yJ? tJh'D[mudk pdwfxJrSm pJGxm;=uyg? (tzJGcsKyfHk;/ rtlyif
14-1-89)
'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;vdkcsifw,fqdkwm b,foludkrS wdkufcdkufcsifvdk r[kwfbl;? b,foludkrS pJGzwfcsifvdk
r[kwfbl;? jynfolvlxktrsm;}uD;[m pdk;&drfa=umifh=ur_uif;a0;pGmeJ udk,fhtoufarG;0rf;ausmif;udk
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf v_yf&Sm;EkdifatmifvdkqdkwJh pdwfrsKd;eJ 'Drkdua&pDtwGuf wdkufae=uwmyJ? tm;vHk;u
'DtcGifhta&;vdkcsif&if tm;vHk;u 0if+yD;awmh v_yf&Sm;&rSmyJ? (tzJGcsKyfHk;/ rtlyif 14-1-89)
usrwdkacwfrSm usrwdk ukodkvfuHa=umifhrdkvdk 'Dwkdif;jynf jynfolvlxkudk ta=umufw&m;uae+yD;awmh
vGwfajrmufatmif vkyfay;EkdifwJhtcGifhta&;awG &vmw,f? 'DtcGifhta&;udk vufv$wfqHk;_H;rcHygeJ?
'Dvdkjynfaxmifpktopf wnfaxmifzdk tcGifhta&;awGudk vufv$wfvdkuf&if usrwdk[m orkdif;ay;wm0ef
rausyGefolawGtjzpf orkdif;rSm tifrwefrS tjypfwifp&mjzpfrSmyJ? (tzJGcsKyfHk;/ rtlyif 14-1-89)
usrwdku jynfolvlxkudk tm;udk;w,f? jynfolvlxkuvnf; udk,fhudkudk,f tm;udk;=uyg? udk,fhudkudk,f
txifrao;=uygeJ? vlxk&J tiftm;qdkwm tifrwefrS }uD;ygw,f? vlxk&J tiftm;qdkwmudk rav;pm;bJ
raeEkdifygbl;? usrwdkuvnf; av;pm;w,f? aemifvnf; tpdk;&tqufqufu av;pm;oifhw,f?
jynfolvlxkudk av;pm;wJh tpdk;&rsKd;udk usrwdku jzpfapcsifygw,f? 'grS wkdif;jynfrSmvnf; tusKd;jzpfapr,f?
jynfolvlxkvnf; pdwfcsrf;omvmr,f? (tzJGcsKyfHk;/ rtlyif 14-1-89)
'DtcsdefrSm owWd&Sd&SdeJ vkyfvdkufvdk&Sd&if aemifus&if usrwdk[m ra=umuf=u&wJhacwfudk
a&mufoGm;Edkifygw,f? 'DtcsdefrSm a=umuf+yD;awmh vkyfoifhoavmuf rvkyfcJhvdk&Sd&if aemuf quf+yD;awmh
a=umufae&wJhpepfudk &Sifoefatmif vkyfay;ovdk jzpfoGm;ygr,f? vlwa,muftaeeJvnf; trsm;}uD;
*k%foduQmusygw,f? tJh'Dawmh tm;vHk;u rSefwmvkyf&vdk&Sd&if a=umufaevnf; vkyf&rSmyg?
(jrwfarwWmoabFm/ a&$'*Fg;aus;&Gm 14-1-89)
'Drkdua&pDvdkcsifwJhvlrsm;[m rkef;wJhpdwfeJ wdkufaewmr[kwfbl;? arwWmpdwfeJ wdkufaewmyJ?
jynfolvlxktay: arwWm&Sdvdk/ wkdif;jynftay: arwWm&Sdvdk/ jynfolvlxkcHae&wm/ wkdif;jynfcHae&wm/
jynfaxmifpk}uD; epfemaewmudk r=unfh&ufvdk arwWmpdwfeJ 'Drkdua&pDwkdufyJGudk 0ifaewmjzpfw,f?
(jrwfarwWmoabFm/ a&$'*Fg;aus;&Gm 14-1-89)
uwdtay:rSm
opPm&Sdr_tay:rSm
rwnfygbl;?
rlwnfygw,f?
jrefrmEkdifiHrSm
'Drkdua&pD&&Sdzdkqdkwm
jynfrrSmyJ
'Drkdua&pD&vdkrjzpfbl;?
jynfe,fwcsKdrSmyJ
'Drdkua&pD&HkeJvnf; rjzpfbl;? jrefrmEkdifiHw0Srf;vHk;rSm 'Drdkua&pD&rS 'Drdkua&pDEkdifiHwck xlaxmifEkdifrSmyg?
(arGawmf"mwfqifapwD/ rdk;+AJ 16-2-89)
ausmif;om;vli,frsm; e,fpyfa&mufoGm;&wJhudpP/ vufeufudkif+yD; 'Dpepfudk wdkufcdkufcsifw,fqdkwJh
udpPrsm;[m vuf&Sdtpdk;&&J wm0efjzpfygw,f? t&ifESpfujzpfcJhwJh vufeufudkif+yD; jynfolvlxkudk
'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_udk ESdrfeif;cJhwJhudpPrsm;&J tusKd;qufyJ? (tzJGcsKyfHk;/ zl;qdk; 17-2-89)
EkdifiHa&;tvkyf vkyfwJhtcgrSm jynfolvlxkeJ usrwdk [m wwfEkdifor# yGifhyGifhvif;vif; qufqHcsifygw,f?
(tzJGcsKyfHk;/ wyfukef; 19-2-89)
rsufESmzHk;yef;csD OD;ay:odrf;
(Tae&mwGif pmtkyfwtkyfvHk; tqkHk;owfygonf)