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Reactor Protection: Prepared by Gopala Krishna Palepu Ade/Mrt (Protection)
Reactor Protection: Prepared by Gopala Krishna Palepu Ade/Mrt (Protection)
MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 PROTECTION FOR SHUNT REACTOR ADOPTED IN ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SCHEME
PREPARED BY GOPALA KRISHNA PALEPU ADE/MRT(PROTECTION)
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B. BUS REACTOR THE REACTOR IS CONNECTED PARALLEL TO THE BUS i.e LIKE A FEEDER/LINE. DURING LIGHTLY LOADED CONDITIONS THERE MAY BE POSSIBULITY OF RAISING BUS VOLTAGES. FOR SAFEGUARD THE OPERATING EQUIPMENT BUS REACTORS ARE UTILISING. NORMALLY IT IS NOT IN SERVICE. WHENEVER THE VOLTAGE RAISES TO 4%TO 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT IN SERVICE AND 2% TO 3% LESS THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE THIS MAY BE KEPT OUT OF SERVICE. SELECTION OF REACTOR A. LINE REACTOR NORMALLY LINE REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE LINE IS MORE OR EQUAL TO 250KM. IN APTRANSCO NETWORK MAXIMUM LENTH OF LINE IS 350KM. AS PER SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS IF LINE LENGTH IS 250KM TO 300KM 50MVAR REACTOR IS TO BE USED. IF MORE THAN 300KM 63MVAR REACTOR IS TO BE USED. B. BUS REACTOR NORMALLY BUS REACTORS ARE PROVIDED IF THE SUBSTATION BUS VOLTAGE IS RAISING 5% MORE THAN THE RATED VOLTAGE DURING LIGHTLY LOADED CONDITION. BASED ON THE SYSTEM STUDIES RECOMANDATIONS BUS REACTORS ARE TO BE PROVIDED. CALCULATIONS ARE REQUIRED FOR PROVIDING BUS REACTOR. IN THIS THERE IS NO STANDARDISATION. LOCATION OF REACTORS WITH CAPACITY IN APTRANSCO A. LINE REACTOR 1. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 1 AT BOTH ENDS 63MVAR 2. 400KV KALAPAKA-KHAMMAM 2 AT BOTH ENDS 63MVAR B. BUS REACTOR 1. 400KV KALAPAKA SS 2 X 50 MVAR 2. 400KV NUNNA SS(PGCIL BAYS) 1 x 63 MVAR
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PURPOSE OF SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION THE PURPOSE OF THE PROTECTION RELAYING IS TO DISCONNECT THE REACTOR AND LIMIT DAMAGE IN CASE OF INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUITS, EARTH FAULTS, INTERTURN FAULTS AND OVER VOLTAGE OR OVER LOAD.THE REACTOR FORMS CERTAIN IMPEDENCE FOR RATED FREQUENCY, AND AS IT IS SHUNT CONNECTED, AS OVER LOAD MAY BE CAUSED BY OVER VOLTAGE OR HARMONICS IN VOLTAGE AND CURRENT. PROTECTION DEVICES INBUILT OR MOUNTED ON REACTOR A. OIL IMMERSED REACTOR USUALLY HAVE A GAS DETECTOR AND OIL SURGE. DETECTOR (BUCHHOLZ ALARAM & TRIP DEVICES), WHICH ARE EXCELLENT FOR DETECTING INTERNAL FAULTS. B. TEMPARATURE MONITORS FOR OIL & WINDING PROVIDE GOOD OVER LOAD PROTECTION. C. PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE IS PROVIDED TO SAFE GUARD THE REACTOR FROM HIGH PRESURES. REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION IT IS WIDELY USED AS INSTANTANEOUS PROTECTION FOR SHORT CIRCUIT FAULTS WITH IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ZONE. THIS IS TREATED AS MAIN-1 PROT FOR REACTOR. IT CAN BE OF HIGH IMPEDENCE TYPE OR OF A SENSITIVE CURRENT STABILISED TYPE. HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAYS REQUIRE AN EQUAL CT TURNS RATIO ON THE PHASE AND NEUTRAL SIDE. SENSITIVITY IS 5% OF NOMINAL REACTOR CT CURRENT. BACK-UP PROTECTION A VARIETY OF RELAYS ARE AVAILABLE. A. OVER CURRENT & EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. ( 50, 50N, 51, 51N, 67, 67N - ANY COMBINATION OF THESE) B. UNDER IMPEDENCE / DISTANCE ( Z<)(21R). C. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT PROTECTION (Un>). RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION IF, FOR SOME REASON, A SENSITIVE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION NOT CHOOSEN A RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION CAN BE UTILISED.
BUS-2 3-89
1-89
3-52CB
P2
P1
P1
3 3-CT
3-89A
.
2-89A
2-CT
P1
P2
2-52CB
2-89B 3-89R
U UU
1-89L
U UU
LINE 1
UU UU
NGR
CORE-1
CORE-2
2000- 2000200/1 200/1 200/1 1000- 1000- 200/1 WTI 200/1 200/1 500/1 500/1 NEUTRAN BUSHING CT : CORE-1 : BEFORE STAR FORMATION IN RYB PHASES 200V 200V 1000500250V 1000500250V
Parameters of WTI CT for each winding shall be provided by the contractor
200/1
200/1
1 OHM PS 64 R REF1
200V
200V
200V
200V
OHM PS
OHM PS
1 OHM PS 87 R DIFF
1 OHM PS 64 R REF1
1 OHM PS 64 R REF2
1 OHM PS 64 R REF1/2
PS 87 R DIFF
PS
PURPOSE
FOR 21L2 FOR 21L1 21 R /TEED-1 / /TEED-2 / MET IMP BBM BBC
87 TEED-2
(M_CT, T_CT, R_CT)
21L2
(M_CT+T_CT R_CT)
87 BBC/BB-2 87 BBM/BB-1
21L1
(M_CT+T_CTR_CT)
87 TEED-1
(M_CT, T_CT, R_CT)
21L1
(M_CT+T_CT R_CT)
U UU 3
CORE -2
3 3 3
U UU
U UU
U UU
CORE -1 CORE -2 CORE -3 CORE -4 CORE -1
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
U UU
U UU
U UU
CORE -1 CORE -2 CORE -3 CORE -4
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3
ONE & HALF BREAKER LINE & BUS SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION SCHEME
87BB1 BUSBAR-1 79 CVT VBB1 VBB1 VL1 / VL2 OR VBB2 25 BF 87L 21M2 VL1 CVT VL1 FEEDER1 / LINE1 79 VL1 / VBB1 VL2 / VBB2 25 87R 21M1 VL1
VL1/VBB1/VBB2
BF
64R 21R
87R
64R
PROTECTION OF BUS REACTOR 21R BUSBAR-2 FOR REACTOR PROTECTION & METERING VOLTAGE SELECTION RELAYS FOR BUS-1, BUS-2& LINE ARE PROVIDED .
87BB2
U UU
OR
U UU
U UU
P2 P2 P2 R-CT CORE-1
CTR: 200/1A
CT MB
RET 670
3S1 3S2
3 3 3
3S2 3S2
3S1
3S1
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
1S2 1S2 1S1 1S1
HV BUSHING
1S2 1S1
ACTIVE
START
TRIP
P2 P2 P2 R-CT
DISPLAY C
CLASS: PS
NORMALLY LOW / HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS USED FOR BUS / LINE REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
CLASS: PS P1 P1 P1
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
RET 670
1S2 1S2 1S2 ACTIVE START TRIP 1S1 1S1 1S1
DISPLAY C E
NORMALLY LOW / HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY IS USED FOR BUS / LINE REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
IN CASE OF REACTOR BUSHING CT P2 IS AWAY FROM REACTOR & P1 IS TOWARDS REACTOR
P1 P1 P1
P2 P2 P2
CLASS: PS P1 P1 P1
CLASS: PS IN CASE OF REACTOR BUSHING CT P2 IS AWAY FROM REACTOR & P1 IS TOWARDS REACTOR
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
RET 670
2S2 2S2 2S2 ACTIVE START TRIP 2S1 2S1 2S1
DISPLAY C E
P1 P1 P1
NORMALLY HIGH IMPEDENCE VOLTAGE/CURRENT OPERATED SINGLE POLE RELAY IS USED FOR BUS / LINE REACTOR RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. PRESENTLY NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS HAVING IN BUILT FUNCTION OF 2 REF OR 2 SEF PROTECTIONS.
P2 P2 P2
CLASS: PS P1 P1 P1
CLASS: PS IN CASE OF REACTOR BUSHING CT P2 IS AWAY FROM REACTOR & P1 IS TOWARDS REACTOR
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
RET 670
2S2 2S2 2S2 ACTIVE START TRIP 2S1 2S1 2S1
DISPLAY C E
P1 P1 P1
NORMALLY HIGH IMPEDENCE VOLTAGE/CURRENT OPERATED SINGLE POLE RELAY IS USED FOR BUS / LINE REACTOR RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. PRESENTLY NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS HAVING IN BUILT FUNCTION OF 2 REF OR 2 SEF PROTECTIONS.
P2 P2 P2
P2 P2 P2
CLASS: PS P1 P1 P1
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
3 3 3
BUSHING CT
RET 670
2S2 2S2 2S2 ACTIVE START TRIP 2S1 2S1 2S1
1S2 1S1
3 3 3
1S1 1S1
1S2
1S2
DISPLAY C E
NORMALLY HIGH IMPEDENCE VOLTAGE/CURRENT OPERATED SINGLE POLE RELAY IS USED FOR BUS / LINE REACTOR RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION. PRESENTLY NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS HAVING IN BUILT FUNCTION OF 2 REF OR 2 SEF PROTECTIONS. P1 P1 P1 NGR-CT BUSHING CT CORE - 1 & 2
CTR: 200/1A
CLASS: PS
CT MB
P1 P1 P1
P1 P1 P1
2S1 2S2
3 3 3
2S2 2S2
2S1
2S1
P2 P2 P2
P2 P2 P2
P2 P2 P2 R-CT HV CORE-3
CTR: 200/1A
CT MB IR3 / A311 IY3 / A331 IB3 / A351 VR11 / E111 VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171 CVT SELECTION BUS-1 CVT / BUS-2 CVT / LINE CVT CORE-1
VA : 200
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
3S2 3S2 3S1 3S1
BUSHING CT
REL 670
ACTIVE START TRIP
3S2 3S1
IN3 / A371
DISPLAY C E
CLASS: 3P
CT MB IR5 / A511 IY5 / A531 IB5 / A551 VR11 / E111 VY11 / E131 VB11 / E151 VN11 / E171 1-CVT
CLASS: PS
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
LR-CT 400KV
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS P1 P1 P1
3 3 3
CORE-5
3 3 3
CORE-5
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S2 5S2 5S2 5S2 5S4 5S4 5S4 5S4 5S2 5S2
CORE-5
REL 521
ACTIVE START TRIP
5S4 5S2
IN5 / A571
DISPLAY C
5S2 5S4
P2 P2 P2
5S4 5S2
CT MB IR4 / A411 IY4 / A431 IB4 / A451 VR21 / E211 VY21 / E231 VB21 / E251 VN21 / E271 1-CVT
CLASS: PS
2-BCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
LR-CT 400KV
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS P1 P1 P1
3 3 3
CORE-4
3 3 3
CORE-4
3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S2 4S2 4S2 4S2 4S4 4S4 4S4 4S4 4S2 4S2
CORE-4
REL 316
ACTIVE START TRIP
4S4 4S2
IN4 / A471
DISPLAY C
4S2 4S4
P2 P2 P2
4S4 4S2
CLASS: PS P1 P1 P1 P2 P2 P2 2-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
BR-LCT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-5
3 3 3
CORE-1
3 3 3
5S4 5S4 5S2 5S2 1S4 1S4 1S2 1S2 4S4 4S4 4S2 4S2
CORE-5
5S4 5S2
IN5
RET 670
IR5 IY5 IB5 IN5
P1 P1 P1 P2 P2 P2
ACTIVE START TRIP
1S4 1S2
DISPLAY C E
IN1
4S4 4S2
IT WORKS ON CIRCULATING CURRENT PRINCIPLE AND IT IS HIGH IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY. TEED-1 PROTECTION FOR BAY 2&3 AND THE FOLLOWING CTs & CORES ARE USED 3-CT(CORE-5), 2-CT(CORE-1) & BR-CT (CORE-5) ARE STARRED AND CONNECTED TO TEED-1 PROTECTION
CT MB
CT MB
P2 P2 P2
CLASS: PS
BR-CT
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
3 3 3
CORE-4
3 3 3
4S4 4S4 4S2 4S2 4S4 4S4 4S2 4S2
CORE-4
4S4 4S2
RAICA LBB/BFR
RET 670
ACTIVE START TRIP
2S4 2S2
3 3 3
2S2 2S2
2S4
2S4
2-CT
DISPLAY
P2 P2 P2 CT MB
CORE-2
CTR: 2000-1000-500/1A
CLASS: PS
C
4S4 4S2
IT WORKS ON KIRCHOFFS CURRENT PRINCIPLE & IT IS PERCENTAGE BIASED LOW IMPEDENCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY. TEED-2 PROTECTION FOR BAY 2&3 IS THE FOLLOWING CTs & CORES ARE USED. 3-CT(CORE-4), 2-CT(CORE-2) & BR-CT (CORE-4) ARE CONNECTED TO TEED-2 PROTECTION.
CLASS: 3P
CLASS: 3P
CLASS: 0.2
3 3 3
2S2 2S2 2S1 2S1
BUSHING CT
2S2 2S1
IN2 / D271
VR31 / E311 VY31 / E331 VB31 / E351 VN31 / E371 BASED ON SELECTION LINE CVT / BUS-1 CVT / BUS-2 CVT CORE 3 100VA CLASS: 0.2
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE FROM PANEL
87R REACTOR DIFFERENTIAL RELAY RET 670 21R REACTOR IMPEDENCE RELAY REL 670
64R RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT RELAY
ABB NSD 50
DC +VE FROM PANEL