Mc lc I.C s y sinh v cc phng php m t bo..................3 1.1 Tng quan v huyt hc...........................................3 1.1.1 Khi nim........................................................................3 1.1.

2 Cc thnh phn ca mu................................................3 1.1.3 Chc nng ca mu v cc thnh phn trong mu......4 1.1.4. Chc nng ca cc t bo mu. ....................................5 1.2 m t bo da vo phng php tr khng ...........9 1.2.2. Phng php m t bo qua s thay i tr khng ca dng mt chiu .....................................................................12 1.3. m t bo da vo phng Php LASER..............17 1.4. m t bo da vo phng Php pht x hunh quang.........................................................................20 1.4.1 Gii thiu v khng th nh du:................................20 1.4.2 Phng php m t bo ung th da vo o pht x hunh quang..........................................................................20 1. Nguyn l hot ng ca my..................................24 1.1.Nguyn l hot ng ca my m t bo phn tch OT 18..........................................................................24 1.2 Tnh nng k thut ca my m t bo phn tch huyt hc t ng OT 18.............................................24 1. c im chung v my ..........................................24 1.3. Chc nng v cu to chung ca my....................31 1. 3.1. Chc nng ca my OT 18..........................................31 1.4 iu kin lp my..................................................32 1.4.1. Khng gian lp t.......................................................32 1.4.2. iu kin mi trng....................................................32 1.6. Thao tc s dng..................................................34 1.6.1. Cc th tc trc khi chy my...................................34 2.5. 2. Khi ng v kim tra mu trng ............................36 3 ) Quy trnh phn tch mu ........................................37 3.5. Hin th v in kt qu phn tch. ..........................38 3.6. Th tc tt my....................................................39 - C 3 ch bo dng nh k : Bo dng hng ngy, bo dng hng qu ...................................................52 1.1 Bo dung hng ngy............................................52 1.3 Cc chu trnh thit b.............................................60 1.4. Cc chc nng k thut.........................................60

Bi I: cc phng php m t bo. Mc tiu: Trnh by c c s cc phng php m t bo Trnh by c trnh t lm vic ca my m t bo bng phng php tr khng Trnh by c trnh t lm vic ca my m t bo bng phng php LASER Trnh by c trnh t lm vic ca my m t bo bng phng php pht x hunh quang

I.C s y sinh v cc phng php m t bo 1.1 Tng quan v huyt hc 1.1.1 Khi nim - Huyt hc l b mn khoa hc nghin cu v mu v cc thnh phn ca mu - Mu l mt t chc ca c th ngi. Trong mu gm c cc thnh phn ho hc ( cc cht v c, hu c) v cc t bo mu 1.1.2 Cc thnh phn ca mu Gi cho mu khng ng trong ng nghim mt thi gian.Ta quan st thy trong ng nghim xut hin hai mu - Phn trn c mu vng rm chim khong 55% th tch mu gi l huyt tng - Phn sm pha di chim khong 45 % th tch mu gi l huyt cu Trong huyt tng c cc cht v c v cc cht hu c * Cc cht v c bao gm nc, mui khong - Nc chim khong 90% th tch ca huyt tng - Mui khong: Mui khong huyt tng thng di dng Clorua, bicarbonate, sunphat ca cc cht Na+, K+, Ca++. trong mui Nacl rt quan trong trong vic duy tr p sut thm thu ca mu * Cc cht hu c bao gm: Protein, Lipid, Glucid 3

- Protein: Gm Alubumin, Globulin - Lipid: Cholesterol, acid bo - Glucid: Glucose dng t do Trong huyt cu c cc t bo mu nh hang cu, bch cu, tiu cu - Hng cu c hnh thnh trong tu xng ca cc xng di trong c th - Hng cu: hnh a, lm hai mt ,khng c nhn ,mu .Trong hng cu c mt cht mu l huyt cu t (Hmg) - Chu k sng khong 120 ngyS lng t 4 n 4,5 triu trong 1mm3 + Bch cu : - Bch cu l nhng t bo khng mu ,c nhn trong bo tng c cc ht c kh nng bt mu thuc nhum - Chu k sng khong t 2-3 gi - S lng t 5000-8000 trong 1mm3 mu k - ng knh khong t 9m-20m + Tiu cu - L t bo c kch thc nh nht - S lng t 150000-300000 t bo trong 1mm3 mu - ng knh t 1-4m 1.1.3 Chc nng ca mu v cc thnh phn trong mu - Chc nng h hp : Huyt cu t vn chuyn xy t phi n m. Huyt cu t v huyt tng vn chuyn CO2 n cc m. -.Chc nng dinh dng: Mu vn chuyn cc cht dinh dng sau khi c hp th t ng tiu ho nh acid amin,acid bo ,glucose...ti nui dinh dng cc t bo

- Chc nng o thi : cc sn phm do t bo sinh ra nh CO2, ure, nc ...c mu vn chuyn n cc c quan bi tit (thn, phi, tuyn m hi...) o thi ra ngoi. - Chc nng iu ho nhit : Tri nng mu a nhit ra phn nng ca c th (bng cch gin mch ngoi bin) to nhit ra ngoi .Tri lnh, mu truyn nhit vo cc phn su ca c th nhiu hn (bng cch co mch ngoi bin gi nhit). - Chc nng bo v c th : Bch cu lm nhim v thc bo,tiu dit vi khun.Cc khng th ,khng c t ca huyt tng to kh nng min dch ca c th .Ngoi ra hin tng ng mu cng l mt hnh thc t bo v c th khi b chy mu . - Chc nng iu ho hot ng cc c quan trong c th . Mu vn chuyn cc hoc mn, cc cht ho hc c tc dng iu ho hot ng cc c quan mt cch nhp nhng, thng nht. 1.1.4. Chc nng ca cc t bo mu. - Chc nng ca hng cu : Vn chuyn O2 n cc m v kh CO2 ti cc m Trong hng cu cn c mt cht rt quan trng l hemoglobin.Vic xc nh nng ca hemoglobin gip bc s chun on cc bnh thiu mu - Chc nng ca bch cu Chng li cc vim nhim ca c th v sn sinh ra cc khng th chng li cc vim nhim . Chia bch cu lm 3 loi + Bch cu ht (Granulocytes) Bch cu ht khi nhum (Romanosly) thy c nhng ht trong bo tng . Tu theo tnh trng bt mu ca cc ht bch cu ny c phn loi thnh : Bch cu trung tnh ,bch cu a axit,bch cu a bazo + Bch cu trung tnh (Neutrophils): L mt loi bch cu ht c im c nhn hnh thu v trong bo tng c nhiu ht nh mu ta khi nhum 5

Rmnowsly .Bch cu trung tnh c kh nng nut v git cc vi trng to thnh mt c ch bo v quan trng chng laiij cc bnh vim nhim .Bnh thng trong mt lt mu c khong 2-7,5.109 bch cu trung tnh Kch thc t khong 10-15m + Bach cu a axit (Eosinophin):l mt loi bch cu trong t bo c nhng ht th nhum mu cam vi thuc nhum Romanowsly, chng c kh nng nut cc ht l,c s lng ln trong nim mc v cc b mt bao ph trong c th c lin quan n p ng cc d ng. Thng c ti 0,04-0,4.109bch cu a axit trong mt lt mu ,kch thc t 7-12m + Bch cu a bazo (Basophins):L mt loi bch cu trong t bo cht c nhng ht nhum mu ta en vi rthuc nhum Romanowsly, chng c kh nng git cht cac ht nh v c cha Histamine v heparin,thng c 0,3-0,15.109 bch cu n nhn trong mt lt mu .Kch thc ca chng khong t 10-14m + Lym pho bo (Lymphocyte) L mt loi bch cu cng thy trong cc ht bch huyt, lch, tuyn c ,thnh rut v tu xng. Khi nhum Romanowsly cc lym pho bo c nhn c mu xanh nht sng. Lym pho bo c t bo tng l tiu Lym pho bo, c nhiu bo tng l i lym pho bo. Bnh thng c khong 1,5-4.10 9 lim pho bo trong 1lt mu. Lym pho bo c tnh lin quan n min dch v c th chia ra: +Lym pho bo B sn sinh ra cc khng th +Lym pho boT lin quan n thi loi m ghp + Bch cu n nhn (Monocytes): L mt loi bch cu c nhn hnh thn v bo tng mu xanh xm nht (khi c thuc nhum ).Chc nng l nut cc ht l nh cc vi trng v cc mnh vn m. Bnh thng c khong 0,2-0,8 .10 9 n nhn trong 1lt mu Cc thng s khi lm xt nghim. 6

S lng cc thnh phn m c ph thuc ,nhng thc cht ch cn m cc thng s c bn sau + S lng hng cu +s lng bch cu +S lng tiu cu + Gi tr nng ca Hemoglobin Vic xc nh nng Hemoglobin l rt quan trng n gip cc bc s chn on bnh thiu mu(animia).Cc phng php xc nh nng Hmg bao gm : + o mu + o nng lng khi kt hp vi xy + Xc nh hm lng st trong Phng php xc nh ch yu l da trn so snh mu ,kt qu a ra (g/l) hoc (g/dl) Nguyn l: Mu pha long trong dung dch cha potassiumCyanide (mui kim) v mui st . Oxyhaemoglobin (Hb) l cht c mu , kt hp thun nghch vi oxy (chuyn ch xy). Methaemoglobin (Hbco) c bin thnh Cyanmethaemoglobin (HiCN) cn Sulphaemoglobin(SHb) khng c bin i - o s hp th ca dung dch trong my so mu (Colorimeter) hoc quang ph k ti 540 nm v so snh vi dung dch chun bit trc hm lng Hb - Dung dch pha long da trn dung dch gc ca aDrabkin c cha CyanideFerricyanide.Dung dch gc ny phn ng chm v c kh nng kt ta Plasma protin.Dung dch Drabkin hon ton c chp nhn , thm Dihydro gen phosphatte gim pH v tng nhanh phn ng (rt ngn thi gian ).S khng Ion ho lm ty sch nhanh phn gii t bo v lm gim c do Li porotein kt qu. - Dung dch chun dung dch Cyanmethaemoglobin(HiCN) chun do ICSH c quy c v so snh trc tip vi mu, m cng c bin i thnh 7

HiCN. So snh vi dng c c (o hp th) cho php tnh ton c Hb. Trn th ng cong chun hoc bng bin i cho ta c Hb Cc yu t nh hng ti vic o HGB - S c mt ca SHB khng bao gm trong tng s Hb - hp th HbCO vi nh sng 540 nm cao hn HiCN. Khng thi gian chuyn thnh HiCN cng lm nh gi sai lng Hb - c gy ra bi s tng bch cu ,lipid amus cao ,protin mu hoc khi cc t bo hng cu tan trong dung dch th s lm nh gi sai kt qu Hb Cc t bo hng cu c th c loi b bng cch li tm dung dch Hb trc khi c Vi bnh tng lipid mu ,sau khi li tm mu ta phi thm mt khi lng mui tng ng vi lng huyt tng c cha lipid .Mu sau c trn li trc khi pha long xc nh Hb Mc protin cao c th c xc nh r bng cch thm mt git ammonia 25% pha long dung dch Hb Cc t bo nh hnh lim c th b tan ra trong dung dch .Mc th phi c lm ht lnh trc khi pha long hoc pha long hai ln Hb trong nc ct - Xc nh PCV (th tch ca hng cu ) c trc tip trn ng Hematocrit tiu chun Witrobe sau khi li tm My m t bo t ng tnh ton v cho ra kt qu bng cch tnh phn chiu cao ca xung khi dng phng php tr khng khe - Tnh ton MCH (Huyt sc t trung bnh ca hng cu ) HGB MCH = RBC -Tnh ton MCHC (Nng trung bnh ca hng cu ) HGB MCHC= 8

PCV - Tnh ton MCV(Th tch trung bnh ca hng cu )

PCV. 1000 MCV= RBC 1.2 m t bo da vo phng php tr khng - S ra i ca thit b in t m t bo lm tng tnh tin li v tin cy cho vic m t bo .Tuy nhin, vic m t bo bng mt thng truyn thng vn c coi trng nh mt phng php tham chiu cho vic m hng cu, bch cu tiu cu. thun tin cho vic so snh nh gi, phng php m t bo th cng s c trnh by trc 1.2.1 Nguyn l ca phng php m t bo th cng. Mu ton phn ca thit b c pha long v c a ti bung m ca my m t bo. Cu trc ca huyt cu k WBC WBC

RBC PLT

WBC

WBC 9

Hnh 1.1 : Cu trc ca huyt cu k Cc t bo c m trong khu vc din tch chun. Khi lng t bo trong din tch chun c m vi t l pha long dung dch bit trc; do vy c th tnh c s lng t bo trong mt mu th gc. Phng php m Bc 1. m bo bung m v knh ph c lm sch. Trt knh ph vo v tr cn m. S xut hin ca cc vng Newton khng nh rng knh ph cht. Ch s dng knh ph c dy theo qui nh. Bc 2. y ng mao qun vi dung dch thch hp. Gi mao qun gc nghing 45o, chm nh vo u knh ph. Dung dch s c chy y vo bung m. iu ch yu l knh ph phi c c y Bc 3. cho cc t bo n nh trc khi m (10pht) t trong mt hp m gim s bay hi . Bc 4. Dng knh hin vi vi vt knh thch hp m t bo trong vng c bit. Nu cc t bo nm trong dng k th ch m t bo trn dng trn cng v bn phi ca vung m N.DF.10 6 S lng t bo / lt = A.D N: S t bo m c DF: H s pha long

- 106: H s chuyn i cho s t bo / lt - A: Vng m 10

- D: su ca bung m Hn ch ca phng php m th cng l rt cao. - Pipettes hoc bung m b bn, khng chnh xc. - Trn hoc pha long mu mu l khng ph hp. - K thut pha long km. - Bung m c y qu hoc thiu. - Thi gian cho cc t bo n nh l khng . - m khng cn thn hoc li trong khi tnh ton - Li vn c do phn b ngu nhin ca cc t bo. iu ny l khng th loi tr. Nhng hn ch s sai s ln ny bng vic m t bo vi lng tp trung ln. Cc gii hn m s tng khi s lng m t bo cng tng m t bo hng cu: - Cht pha long: Formal - citrate: 10ml fomalin + 1lt trisodium citrate (31.3g/l). Lc trc khi dng - Pha long : 20l mu trong khi 4.0 ml cht pha long to pha long 1/201. Trn ti thiu 2 pht trc khi a vo bung m. cc t bo trong bung m 10 pht trc khi m - m t bo hng cu trong 1 vung khu vc trung tm 0,01 mm2 nu s lng di 500 th phi m ton b khu vc trung tm 1mm2 - Tnh ton : VD cho n=500, DF= 201,A=0.2mm2 v D=0,1mm 500.201.106 RBC = 0,2.0,1 m t bo bch cu : - Yu cu lm tan hng cu c bch cu mt cch d dng hn - Cht pha long : Ch dn 1% amomonium oxlate (10g/l) khi m th m c tiu cu trong cng mt thi gian .Vic m c dng knh hin vi c gng tng phn 11

Nu knh khng c gng tng phn, dng dung dch 2% acetic acid mu xanh nht (nhum vi gen tian violet) tng sng cho knh hin vi. iu ny c li cho vic nhum nhn t bo bch cu. - Pha long: 50l trong 950l cht pha long to pha long 1/20. Trn khi a vo bung m. cc t bo n nh trong 10 pht (trong bung m) trc khi m - m: m t bo bch cu trong 4 vung 4 gc - Tnh ton VD: cho N=250, DF=20, A=0,2mm2, v D=0,1mm 250.20.106 RBC= 0,2.0,1 m tiu cu : - Cht pha long :1% amomonium oxalate. Lc cht pha long trc khi dng . - Pha long : 50l trong 950l cht pha long to pha long 1/20. Trn khi a vo bung m cc t bo n nh trong 10 pht (trong bung m) trc khi m - m : Dng knh hin vi c gng tng phn v m tiu cu nm trong vung khu vc din tch chun 0,001mm 2. Cn cn thn nu khng s m phi cc mnh v ca hng cu hoc ca cc hnh gi khc .Nu m c di 100 tiu cu th nn m ton b khu vc din tch chun . - Tnh ton : VD cho N=250 ,DF=20,A=0,2mm2 v D=0.1mm2 250.20.106 RBC= 0,2.0,1 1.2.2. Phng php m t bo qua s thay i tr khng ca dng mt chiu Trc ht mu mu c pha long trong dung dch pha long. Sau c a vo bung m. Trong bung m c t mt khe m c l nh cho t bo 12

mu i qua. Cc t bo mu c to thnh dng v a vo khe m. Trong bung m c t hai bn in cc dng v m gia hai bn ca khe m v bung m. Ngoi ra trong bung m cn t mt b phn ta p sut. Mi khi c p sut thay i th t bo mu s i qua khe m ngay lp tc s thay i tr khng ca dng in mt chiu, lm xut hin xung in. S lng xung in t l vi s lng t bo mu i qua khe m

Hnh 1.2 : Nguyn l m da theo s thay i tr khng in t mt ngun in p khng i vo hai cc in (mt bung trn v mt bung m). Gia 2 in cc c mt khe o nh t bo mu i qua. Do dung dch mu l dung dch dn in nn c mt tng tr nht nh gia 2 in cc ny v c mt dng in i qua in cc ny n in cc kia. Khi c mt t bo mu chy vo khe o, n s lm thay i tng tr gia hai in cc v dng in i qua hai in cc s thay i.

13

Hnh1.3 : Mi quan h gia kch thc t bo v bin xung S thay i ny c th hin bng mt xung in. Mi xung in biu th mt t bo i qua khe o. Tu kch thc ca t bo m xung nhn c cao hay thp. Da vo ngi ta bit c kch thc ca t bo. V nguyn l so mu, ngi ta to mt phc cht gia Hemoglobin vi cht ly gii trong qu trnh o (i vi CD 1700 l phc cht Cyanmethemoglobin). Phc ny hp th nh sng mt di sng thch hp ( = 540 nm, to ra t Led c bc sng ( = 555 nm) sau khi o cng hp th nh sng qua dung dch Hemoglobin bng mt cm bin quang, ngi ta so snh vi mu trng v da vo mu chun lp sn tnh ra nng ca Hemoglobin.

Hnh1.4 : S nguyn l o Hemoglobine - WBC: Bch cu pha long cha tc nhn lm tan mng t bo .Tc nhn ny cng lm tan mng t bo hng cu nhng li nhn ca bch cu mt cch

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Mu mu ton phn

Cht pha long 7.5ml

Tin pha long

Cht ly gii

0.1ml

7.43ml

Bung trn RBC/PLT 1: 12801

Bung trn WBC 1:251

Bung m RBC/PLT 60 nm D x 70 nmL

Bung m WBC 100 nmD x60 nm L

Cht ra

Bung o Hb 60 nm D x 70 nmL

nguyn vn. S di chuyn ca nhn qua khe m to nn vic m s lng bch cu - HGB: c gii phng t hng cu v chuuyn thnh cyanmethaemoglobin o nng ca HGB bng phng php quang hc - RBC : Yu t pha long hng cu cao RBC (vd:1/500) c tc dng loi b cc T bo bch cu trong khi m hng cu. S m t trnh t m t bo bng phng php tr khng in

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Hnh 1.5: S khi chung ca my m t bo bng phng php tr khng in Th tch trung bnh hng cu (MCV) c o bng tch phn cao ca xung v ch p dng ring cho hng cu tnh PCV .Thng s MCH&MCHC c tnh bi cc thng s HGB,RBC &PCV - m tiu cu PLT: V hay b nhm ln vi cc t bo khc v d nh t bo tiu hng cu. V vy phi loi b ngay cc yu t lm ln bng phng php vt l ngay t trc khi ly mu (VD: ly tm hoc cc dng c phi c phn bit trong di hp ) 16

1.3. m t bo da vo phng Php LASER Da trn s tn x nh sng khi cho chm tia sng chiu qua t bo mu .Gc tn x s thay i v t l nghch vi kch thc ca t bo mu .Mt cm nhn quang s o gc tn x v a ra kch c ca xung ph hp .S lng xung tng ng vi s t bo mu i qua .

B cm nhn quang Tia sng T bo mu H thng thu knh

Hnh 1.6: M t phng php m t bo dng chm tia LASER Cc t bo trn l i tng xt nghim chnh ca xt nghim huyt hc. V th m cc my ny cn c gi l my m t bo Ngoi ra tu theo cng ngh tng hng p dng m phng php LASER c mt s khc bit nh. Sau y l cng ngh m Abbott p dng trong my CD3200

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My CD 3200 cng da trn nguyn l so mu o nng hemoglobin cn cc nguyn l khc da vo nguyn l Mapss ( Tn x laser a gc dng ngun laser

Hnh 1.7 : S nguyn l m bng LASER Helium - neon) v phng php tp trung dng chy. Chiu chm tia Laservaof dng chy tp trung ca mu phm, o nh sng tn x cc gc 00, 100, 900 , 900 D t xc ng s lng cng nh kch thc ca cc t bo mu 00: o s lng v kch thc ca cc t bo mu. 100, 900 D: Tch cc t bo NEU v EOS 00, 100: Tch cc t bo LYMPH, MONO, BASO Tch 5 thnh phn bch cu bng cc nguyn l Mapss nh bng sau y.

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Size Cell 1 2 3 4 5 6 0
0

Complexity 10
0

Loubula rity 900 116 15 21 104 28 8

Granularit y 900
Depolarzied

Classiffication 1st 2nd 3rd

165 60 140 148 90 36

162 64 79 182 110 37

32 6 99 118 8 4

Mono Mono Poly Eos Mono Mono Noise

LymPh Mono Baso Noise

Ngoi ra bng phng php nhum my o c hng cu li. Dng Diluent/ Sheat chy bn ngoi c vn tc ln hn dng t bo pha trong. S sai bit tc ny cho t bo i thnh tng hng mt, gim thiu sai s gp phI khi nhiu t bo I qua cng mt lc v lc my s lm l mt t bo c kch thc ln
Diluent/ Sheat

Qu trnh o c thc hin nh sau:

Mu phm Bung trn RBC/ PLT T l 1:1667

s m t trnh t m t bo bng phng php LASER

Diluent/ Sheat Hgb/ Noc Hnh 1.8: S m t trnh t m t bo bng phng php LASER Lyse Bung o HGB T l 1:216 Bung o quang hc

Mu phm

Bng tm tt cc loi t bolyse WBC Loi Hng cu Chc nng ng knh Ting anh Erythocyte
Mode Reistant RBC ( trn thm 15'')

Mu phm

Vn Bung trn WBC 7m chuyn

T l 1:49

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Chng Trung nhim chung Bch a cu nhn

vim 14m

Netrophin

tnh a a Chng d ng k 16m xit sinh v u bu a ba Chng d ng k 14m sinh Chng mt s 15-20m

Eosinopphin Basophin Monocyte Lymphocyte Platalet

z Monocyte

vim nhim chung Min dch 9-12m Lymphocyte Cm mu Tiu cu 1-4m

Tm li cc t bo mu khng ch v chc nng sinh hc m cn khc nhau v kch thc, cu to nhn v cc im vt l, ho hc khc. chnh l c s thit k cc my m t bo t ng c kh nng t m, phn tch cc loi t bo c trong mu 1.4. m t bo da vo phng Php pht x hunh quang 1.4.1 Gii thiu v khng th nh du: Trong trng hp bnh l ung th mu, cc mnh protein ca t bo ung th tn ti trong mu s kch thch h thng min dch to ra khng th tng ng i vi loi ung th ny. Bng cng ngh sinh hc tin tin, khoa hc gn c ui c kh nng pht x hunh quang ln cc khng th ny. Do c tnh lun bt vi t bo ung th nn khng th c ui pht x hunh quang ny c gi l khng th nh du 1.4.2 Phng php m t bo ung th da vo o pht x hunh quang

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T bo ung th c m theo kiu c tnh thng qua o yu t tc thay i cng pht x hunh quang ca cc khng th nh du pht x sau khi gn vi t bo ung th Nguyn l ca qu trnh pht x c m t nh sau: Sng pht x c bc sng di hn sng kch thch T bo c nhum bng thuc nhm c tng tc vi chm tia LASER Chm tia LASER ion Argon s tng tc vi cc t bo b nhum to ra chm tia pht x c bc sng di hn bc sng ca chm tia kch thch Chm tia pht x mang thng tin v cc loi t bo nh : Hng cu li (RETCs), Hng cu cht (NRBCs), bch cu cht (Non-Viable WBC), Bch cu v (Fragile WBCs) RNA trong hng cu li c nhum bng thuc nhum c kh nng pht x hunh quang c bc sng trung tm ca di l 530nm sau khi c kch thch bi chm tia LASER c bc sng 488nm DNA trong Hng cu cht (NRBCs), bch cu cht (Non-Viable WBC), Bch cu v (Fragile WBCs) c nhum bng thuc nhum c kh nng pht x hunh quang c bc sng trung tm ca di l 630nm sau khi c kch thch bi chm tia LASER c bc sng 488nm B lc quang hc cho php cc tia pht x hunh quang c bc sng 530nm v 630nm i qua, nhng chn li cc chm tia tn x c bc sng 488nm Chm tia sau khi qua b lc quang c a ti cc ng nhn quang PMT khuch i cng t n yu cu

21

cc cu hi lng gi kin thc Cc cu hi trnh by 1. Trnh by cc thnh phn cu thnh chnh ca mu 2. Lit k v phn tch 18 thng s trc tip v gin tip ca kt qu xt nghim huyt hc 3. Trnh by cc phng php m t bo qua knh hin vi 4. Trnh by cc phng php m t bo qua s thay i tr khng 5. Trnh by cc phng php m t bo qua chm tia LASER 6. Trnh by tnh nng ca my huyt hc Chn cu tr li bng cch chn ng/sai 1. m t bo bng phng php tr khng xc nh c ti a 18 thng s ng Sai 2. m t bo bng phng php tr khng khng gp sai s trong trng hp hng cu c nhn ng Sai 3. m t bo bng LASER c th xc nh c ti a 22 thng s ng Sai 4. m t bo bng LASER c th xc nh c tnh t bo thng qua chm tia LASER tn x ng Sai 5. Th tch ht mu khng nht thit phi chnh xc theo quy inh ng Sai 6. Mu bnh phm dng cho xt nghim m t bo phI l mu ton phn ng Sai

Chn phng n ng 1. T bo bch cu bao gm a. 2 thnh phn (n nhn v a nhn) 22

b. 3 thnh phn (a axit, a baz, trung tnh) c. 4 thnh phn bch cu (n nhn, a axit, a baz, trung tnh) d. 5 thnh phn bch cu (a axit, a baz, trung tnh, n nhn v a nhn)

2. m t bo bng phng php tr khng xc nh c a. 2 thnh phn bch cu b. 3 thnh phn bch cu c. 4 thnh phn bch cu d. 5 thnh phn bch cu 3. m t bo bng LASER xc nh c a. 2 thnh phn bch cu b. 3 thnh phn bch cu c. 4 thnh phn bch cu d. 5 thnh phn bch cu 4. Chc nng ca cht ly gii (lyse) a. Tng tr khng in ca t bo b. Tng cng chm tia tn x c. C lp tng loi t bo d. Phn ng vi Hemoglobin to ra mu c trng

23

Bi II: Gii thiu my m t bo OT 18

Mc tiu:

Trnh by c cc c tnh k thut ca my m t bo OT18 So snh c phng php m t bo ca OT18 vi cc loi my thng dng hin nay Trnh by c chc nng, iu kin lp t v lm vic ca my OT18 Trnh by c cc quy trnh vn hnh my c bn

I. GII THIU MY m t bo phn tch HUYT HC OT 18 1. Nguyn l hot ng ca my 1.1.Nguyn l hot ng ca my m t bo phn tch OT 18. Nguyn l ca my phn tch ny l dng nguyn l tng tr in o, m hng cu, bch cu, tiu cu v nguyn l so mu o nng Hemoglobin. Cc nguyn l ny c m t bi 1: 1.2 Tnh nng k thut ca my m t bo phn tch huyt hc t ng OT 18. 1. c im chung v my - My OT 18 l my m t bo t ng hon ton c s dng trong cc phng xt nghim huyt hc. - C kh nng thc hin c khong 60 mu xt nghim mt gi v hin th trn mn hnh tinh th lng cc biu phn b s lng WBC,RBC,PLT cng vi s liu ca cc thng s khc. - My c kh nng phn tch nhanh chng 18 thng s vi 3 thnh phn bch cu trn mn hnh mu v pht hin ra cc mu bt thng. My cho kt qu hin th trn mn hnh .T cho ta pht hin nhng mu l v tip tc phn tch nghin ca thm. C th lu tr cc kt qu v biu . 2. Nguyn tc o 24

- i vi RBC, WBC, PLT my s dng phng php tr khng ca dng in mt chiu, o trn mt th tch c nh vi nng pha long cho trc. - i vi HGB dng phng php o cyaide, dng i t pht quang v cm quang. - i vi LYM%, MON v GRA% s dng phng php kh khng. - Tnh ton trc tip t d liu lu tr o c trc tip cc thng s nh MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, MPV, LYM#, MON#, GRA#. 3. Thng s: My m t bo t ng hon ton cho ta kt qu ca 18 thng s mu v biu ca hng cu, bch cu, tiu cu. ng thi cho ta pht hin nhng mu bt thng v s lng v kch thc, s phn b cc loi t bo 18 thng s l S th t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Tn vit tt RBC WBC HGB HCT MCV MCH MCHC RDW PLT MPV LYM% LYM# MON% MON# GRa% GRa# PDW PCT ngha S t bo hng cu S t bo bch cu Gi tr ca Hemoglobin Gi tr ca Hematocrite Th tch trung bnh ca hng cu Huyt sc t trung bnh ca hng cu Nng huyt sc t trung bnh ca hngcu phn b t bo hng cu S lng ca tiu cu Th tch trung bnh ca tiu cu Phn trm ca LYM S lng LYM c mt Phn trm ca Mono S Mono c mt Phn trm Granulocyte S Granulocyte c mt Di phn b tiu cu keo tiu cu

4. Biu (Histogam) Gm 3 biu m t s lng phn b theo kch thc t bo - Bch cu 25

- Hng cu - Tiu cu 5. tuyn tnh v lp li Thng s tuyn tnh WBC 10.0 x 103 /L RBC 5 x 106 /L Hgb 15 g /dl PLT 300 x 10 3 /L Hct 450 % LYM 0 4000 x 103/mm3 MON Gra 6. Thng tin v bnh nhn lp li < 2,5% < 2% < 1,5% < 5% < 2% < 5% < 10% < 3%

Thng tin v bnh nhn c hin th trn mn hnh mu v trn kt qu in: - Tn bnh vin, khoa xt nghim cng vi cc a ch v s in thoi; - Tn v tui bnh nhn; - Gii tnh ca bnh nhn (Nam/ n); - Tn bc s iu tr; - M s mu bnh phm; - M s ngi chy my; - S th t o; - Ngy gi ly mu; -Ngy gi chy mu; 7. Lng mu cn dng: Mu dng phn tch ch yu l mu ton phn ( Mu mao mch, mu tnh mch, mu ng mch ) v lng mu cn dng l 10l. 8. Nng sut my: 60 mu/ gi 9. Kh nng ci t my theo yu cu ca ngi s dng - Ngy thng nm - H thng n v s dng cho cc kt qu o

26

- Cc gii hn v hng s sinh hc ca ngi bnh thng: C th ci t 4 gii hn hng s sinh hc cho 4 loi i tng khc nhau nh: nam, n, tr em v ngi gi. 10. Kh nng bo hiu bt thng - Khi cc thng s nm ngoi gii hn hng s sinh hc bnh thng ci t. - Khi cng thc phn b bch cu hay tiu cu khng bnh thng 11. Vn hnh - Hon ton t ng t khu ht mu, o v in ra kt qu. - Quy trnh o mu ch gm mt bc: t mu mu ton phn (c chng ng) vo my, nhn nt v i kt qu trong vng 1 pht. 12. Tin li an ton tit kim thi gian. - T ng ra ng ht mu. - T ng ra my sau mi chu trnh o. - T ng tnh ton khi hiu chnh my. - C th o mu pha long sn. - S dng 3 loi ha cht: MinidiL, Miniclean, Minilyse. 13. Phn xut kt qu - Mn hnh hin th tt c cc kt qu o trn mn hnh LCD bao gm c 3 biu WBC, RBC, PLT v hng dn trc tuyn cch s dng my cho tng chc nng ring bit. - My in kim loi 24 kim (kh giy A4) - C cng giao tip vi my vi tnh 14. Phn mm x l d liu - B nh ca my c th lu gi c 10.000 kt qu o (C b nh m rng), c th truy xut li cc kt qu c v in ra bt c lc no. - B nh ca my lu tr c thng tin v cc l ho cht s dng. 15 Cu hnh ca my - My phn tch huyt hc t ng OT 18 c trang b sn: 27

* Mn hnh hin th tinh th lng 2 dng 40 k t, sng r * B nh lu tr c 10.000 kt qu bnh nhn (khi dng b nh m rng) * Phn mm thng k x l d liu * Phn mm ci t * Cng ni RS 232 ni vi my tnh - My in kim loi 24 kim kh giy A4 16. in nng. - 100- 110 V (+/-10%), 50/60 Hz - 220 - 240 V (+/-10) 50/60 Hz 17. iu kin lm vic. - Nhit t 180 C- 320C hoc 65 n 900F. - m tng i t 10%- 80% - Khng c t ni c nh sng trc tip chiu vo. 18. Kch thc v trng lng - Cao 44 cm (16.5 inches) - Rng 36 cm (14.2 inches) - Su 33 cm (12.6 inches) - Trng lng 14 kg (31 lbs) 1.3 Hin th v kt qu th: Khi mt chu trnh phn tch hon thnh, cc kt qu c hin th v in ra theo vic ci t ca thit b. - Cc kt qu c hin th: Cc kt qu ca thng s c hin th trn mt hnh mt ln sau khi chu trnh phn tch hon thnh.
WBC RBC HGB HCT MCV MCH
7.5 5.22 15.6 46.5 89 29.9 33.5 MCHC 233 PLT

- Ch s mu c th c xem trn mn hnh trong menu kt qu bng cch di chuyn mi tn ln hoc xung nh ch ra. 28

01/20/2002 09:25

PAT ID: 0123456789ABC

- C th xem kt qu bnh nhn trn mn hnh trong menu Results bng cch di chuyn mi tn ln hoc xung nh ch ra di y.
01/20/2002 09:25 RUN #: 12345

- C chn PLT c th c xem li trn mn hnh, trong menu Results bng cch di chuyn mi tn ln hoc xung.
PLT Flags:

- Cc kt qu c in ra nh sau Results
Date: 01/20/2002 Run #: 1234567 SEQ.#:27 Time: 09:25

PLT Flags: WBC : 7.5 103/mm3 RBC : 4.9 106/mm3 HGB : 15.0 g/dl HCT : 43.9 % MCV : 90 m3 MCH : 30.6 Pg MCHC : 34.1 g/dl PLT : 287 103/mm3 MPW : 8.8 m3 WBC Flags: %LYM: 39.3% %MON : 7.3% %GRA : 53.4% #LYM : 2.2 103/mm3 #MON : 0.4 103/mm3 #GRA : 3.0 103/mm3

29

 d liu my in in ra c cc thng tin nh sau: 1 Date: l ngy mu c phn tch 2 Time: Thi gian mu c phn tch 3 RUN #: mu c nhp vo 4 Sequence: S mu c chy 5 PLT Flags nu khng c bt k mu no c bo co 6 18 kt qu vi c trn gii hn v n v 7. WBC Flags nu khng c bt k mu no c bo co - Mn hnh hin th tinh th lng gm 2 dng 40 k t. - My in kt qu v th c gn trong my.

30

- Hai ch in kt qu : 18 thng s v biu , 18 thng s khng c biu , - C cng ni RS-232 vi my tnh, my in laze, S l d liu chuyn mn phc v xt nghim, nghin cu thng k v iu tra dch t y hc. 1.3. Chc nng v cu to chung ca my 1. 3.1. Chc nng ca my OT 18 My OT c th o, m v tnh ton cc s liu ca 18 thng s . Chc nng o : + Nng HGB (Hemoglobin) / th tch mu. + Nng HCT (Hematocrite) / th tch mu. Chc nng m : + S lng RBC (Hng cu). + S lng WBC (Bch cu) . + S lng PLT (Tiu cu) . Chc nng tnh ton : My t ng tnh ton cc thng s ph cn li. Cc thng s ny c tnh ton theo cng thc c xc nh v ci t trong b nh ca CPU. 1.3.2. Cu to chung ca my: 1. Mn hnh hin th tinh th lng: C 2 dng vi 40 k t, hin th tt c cc thng tin trong sut qu trnh tin hnh phn tch v hin th cc kt qu sau khi hon thnh mi chu trnh phn tch. 2. Panel iu khin: L cc phm tn, s v k hiu iu chnh cc hot ng ca my. 3. Th nh: l ch a th nh vo. Khi cc mu kt qu phn tch c c ghi li trong th nh vi mt s lng v thi gian nht nh. 4. Thng ha cht cha cc ha cht phc v cho qu trnh phn tch. 5. u o mu: ht mu vo bung m. 6. u o mu bng tay: Mu sau khi c pha long iu kin thch hp cha trong mt dng c phn tch t di u o

31

6. Bung m WBC/HGB: Khi mu mu pha long a vo bung phn tch, n c m cc t bo bch cu v lng Hemoglobin. 7. Bung m RBC dng m cc t bo ca hng cu. 8. Thanh khi ng bng tay 9. Thng bo v lu lng dng 10. u o nhit cht pha long: o c nhit ca cht khi pha long. 11. Bm cht lng: Dng ht cc ha cht sc ra ton b bung m cng nh h thng ng chuyn cht lng. 12. B Van: Vn chuyn ton b cht lng cn thit khi my hot ng 13. Bung chn khng/ bung cht thi: cha cc ha cht thi c thi ra trong qu trnh phn tch. Khng c cht thi qu y, n s trn ra ngoi v nh hng n cc b phn khc ca my. 14. u o cht lng: Dng ht cht lng cn thit. 1.4 iu kin lp my. my hot ng tt v n nh chng ta cn phi tun th nghim ngt cc yu cu v lp t nh sau: 1.4.1. Khng gian lp t - Phi c ngun in n nh v my ht m. - Phi c khng gian rng iu khin v bo dng my. - My phi t cch tng 50 cm. - Phi c ch ho cht tin li - Phi c ng ni t tt. - t my gn vi ca thot him. - t gn vi vi nc tin cho vic v sinh. 1.4.2. iu kin mi trng - Nhit t trong phng t 180 C - 320 C hoc 65 n 900F - m nm trong khong t 30 - 80 % nhit n 310C (880F) - nhit 400C (1040F) gin m n 50%. 32

- Khng s dng khng gian m nhit c th b bin i ln. - Trnh khng cho nh sng mt tri chiu trc tip vo my v ho cht - Khng kh nn c s lun chuyn - Trnh khng t my gn cc thit b in pht ra sng in t, cc in thoi di ng v my phax 1.5 Chc nng cc phm iu khin trn mt my: * ) Phm SAMPLE No S dng ci t th t mu v kim sot d liu . * ) Phm ENTER S dng ci t s th t mu, la chn h thng menu. * ) Phm SELECT Dng la chn chng trnh. n phm ny mn hnh hin th chng trnh cn chn. Khi bn n phm ny trong lc mn hnh hin Select menu , vic phn tch s dc dng li. * ) Phm MODE Dng thay i h thng phn tch Whole blood mode (h thng phn tch ton phn) hoc Pre-diluted mode (h thng phn tch mu pha long) * ) Phm HELP S dng khi c li xy ra . * ) Phm SHUTDOWN S dng thc hin Shutdown chng trnh ( tt my ). * ) Cc phm t 0 9 S dng ci t cc s th t mu, kim sot d liu v t li cc gi tr . * ) Phm C Dng xo cc ch s khi ang nhp cc con s v dng ting Beep bo li 33

* ) Hai phm , Dng la chn mt chng trnh. Mi lc n phm con tr di chuyn xung hoc ln bn cnh mc trc. * ) Hai phm , cn phn bit. 1.6. Thao tc s dng. 1.6.1. Cc th tc trc khi chy my. a ) Kim tra my. Kim tra cc u ni, ng ng cn m bo khng gy gp hay h. ng dy in ngun phi m bo cm chc chn vo cm . b ) Kim tra ho cht. i vi my phn tch huyt hc t ng 18 thng s s dng cc loi ha cht sau: ABX Minidil LMG, ABX Miniclean, ABX Lyse, ABX Lysebio, ABX Minipak LMG. Di y l bng tiu hao ho cht d tnh cho qu trnh phn tch my m t bo OT 18.
Cycle Analysis cycle Prime Dilent Chu trnh phn tch 16.0 ml 40.0 ml Lyse 0.60 ml 11.6 ml X 11.6 ml X 0.6 ml X 0.6 ml 0.6 ml Cleaner 0.85 ml 5.2 ml X X 6.3 ml 1.4 ml 13.06 ml 15.2 ml 1.5 ml Dil.Beach X X X X X X X X X

Dng la chn cc trng thi khi ang ci t v la chn phn

thng thng all Mi c 3 loi ho cht

reagents Prime diluent Prime lyse Prime cleaner Start up cycle Standby cycle Auto clean cycle Concentrated cleaning

Mi ring tng loi 27.0 ml X khi ly ho cht mi X Bt my ln 21.0 ml Trc khi tt my X Tu vo ngi t sau 16.4 ml 20, 50 mu lin tc Ch k s mi s dng 16.4 ml

34

HGB

blank

6.0 ml X

1.3 ml X

X X

X X

cycle Backflush cycle

Trc khi phn tch phi kim tra lng ho cht trong bnh cha. Phi c sn ho cht thay th trong trng hp b ht trong khi chy my. Nu b ht ho cht trong khi ang phn tch mu my s t ng dng li v a ra thng bo li yu cu b xung ho cht. My ch c th chy khi ho cht c b xung y . Ch : - Cn phi bo qun ho cht nhit 18-25 0C v trnh xa ngun nh sng trc tip chiu vo. Nu nhit mi trng l 300C my lm vic khng n v cho kt qu sai. - Li Background Error (li nn) c th xy ra nu s dng ho cht va qua qu trnh vn chuyn . - Cn m bo ho cht theo ng yu cu ca nh sn xut m bo khng xy ra li trong khi s dng . - Sau khi b xung ho cht cn phi chy th th tc Auto Rinse (Ra t ng) v Blank Check (Kim tra mu trng. My ch tip tc phn tch mu khi cc ch s ca kim tra mu trng t mc yu cu. - Khi thay th hay thng ho cht, cn ch khng bi bn hay sinh vt ri vo trong thng. - Sau khi b sung hay thay ho cht, cn phi ghi li y cc thng tin vo s theo di ca my. ABX Minidil lmg 10L ABX miniclean 1L ABX lyse 1L Abx lysebio 0.4L or 1L Abx minipak LMg 4.2 L c ) Kim tra ng thi ho cht . d ) Kim tra giy in . M np trc ca my kim tra v thay th cun giy in nu cn . 35 60 ngy 90 ngy 40 ngy 50 ngy 70 ngy

Kim tra bnh cha ho cht thi v sch nu bnh b y.

2.5. 2. Khi ng v kim tra mu trng . Bt cng tc On nm pha sau ca my. My s ln lt chy cc th tc Self check (kim tra) , Ra t ng Blank check (kim tra mu trmg). Nu c li trong qu trnh khi ng hoc cc ch s ca vic kim tra mu khng t yu cu, my s thng bo li ra mn hnh hoc ra giy. Ch : - Nu my khng bo li trong qu trnh khi ng, hy tt my v khi ng li sau 1 pht. Nu my vn bo li hy lin lc vi i din nh sn xut c phng php s l. - ko di tui th v n nh ca my, cn phi tun th nghim ngt cc quy nh bo dng my nh k. - Trong my c gn sn b m theo di qu trnh s dnh ca my. B m ny c kim tra khi khi ng my, da trn s ln phn tch mu my s a ra thng bo Scheduled Maint vi ting Beep ko di yu cu ngi s dng lm cc bo dng nh k. Khi c thng bo ny hy n phm [ C ] tt ting Beep v thc hin bo dng nh theo yu cu (chi tit c th xem phn bo dng my). - Khi khi ng , my s t ng ra t 3 dn 5 ln sau thc hin vic kim tra mu trng. Nu cc ch s ca vic kim tra mu trng khng t yu cu (theo bng di y) my s thng ba liBackground Error ra mn hnh km theo ting Beep ko di. Trong trng hp ny hy nhn phm Help tt ting Beep v hin th mn hnh tr gip. Lm theo hng dn trn mn hnh . Sau khi thc hin song cc th tc khi ng (kim tra, ra t ng, kim tra mu trng). Cc thng s kim tra t yu cu my s hin th ch Readly km theo ting Beep ngn, s th t cc mu No hin th s 1 mn hnh s a ra cc ch s o c khi kim tra mu trng. TT 1 Thng s WBC 0.3 103/mm3 36 Gii hn

2 3 4 5 Ch :

RBC HGB HCT PLT

0.02 106/mm3 0.0 g/dl 0% 103/mm3

Sau khi khi ng nu cc thng s khng t tiu chun my s hin th Ready nhng s c li thng bo km theo ting beep ko di v hin th No 0. 3 ) Quy trnh phn tch mu . 3.1. Chun b mu: Mu c ly v cho vo ng tup (Nn s dng ng c chiu cao khong 80mm) cng vi cht chng ng EDTA. Mi ln phn tch my s t ly 1 lng l 50 l. Ch : Mt s cht chng ng c th lm nh hng ti kt qu. Ch nn s dng cc loi cht chng ng nh : EDTA-2K, EDTA-3K, EDTA-2Na. Nu mu c bo qun ng lnh th phi ph ng trong nhit phng khong 30 pht trc khi em phn tch . Cn bo qun ho cht theo ng yu cu ca nh sn xut trnh lm hng ho cht v nh hng n kt qu o. Khng cc ho cht b ng bng. 3.2. Chn ch phn tch: Khi khi ng my s t ng chuyn v ch phn tch mu ton phn Whole Blood Mode . Mn hnh hin th ch WB vng ch th ch phn tch , nu khng thy hin th WB , ngi s dng cn chuyn v Whole Blood Mode nh sau : - Bm phm [ MODE ] chn ch phn tch . - Dng phm [] v [] chn ch Whole Blood Mode . - Bm phm [ ENTER] . 3.3. Nhp s th t mu : nhp s th t mu , lm cc bc sau: 37

- Bm phm [SAMPLE NO]. Vng ch th s th t mu s b bi sm. - Nhp s th t ca mu bng bn phm. - Bm phm [ENTER] . ch : - S th t s t ng tng ln mt n v khi m song mt mu. - S th t No.0 khng c dng cho phn tch mu. Mu s 0 s khng c lu kt qu trong b nh, s th t cng khng t tng khi m xong. - Nu nhp sai s c th sa li bng cch bm phm [C] xo s b sai. - S th t c di ti a 6 k t, khng c bt u bng s 0. - Nhp xong s th t ri mi bm [ENTER]. 3.4. Phn tch mu: - Lc u ng tup ng mu khong 10 ln. - M np y ca tup. - a tup vo kim ht v n phm START (khi ng). My s ht mu phn tch. Sau hai ting beep ngn mn hnh s hin ch Analyzing (ang phn tch ) khi rt ng tup ra khi vi ht. My s bt u qu trnh phn tch. Khi kt thc qu trnh phn tch, kt qu s hin th trn mn hnh v my thng bo Ready sn sng cho phn tch mu tip theo. Ch : - Khng c rt ng tup ra khi vi ht khi mn hnh thng bo Aspireting (ang ht mu) v s lm nh hng ti kt qu phn tch . - Nn rt ng ht ra khi vi ht khi b phn ra vi bt u chuyn ng xung. 3.5. Hin th v in kt qu phn tch.

38

Cc kt qu phn tch c hin th ln mn hnh v phn thnh 3 trang mn hnh. Ngi dng c th s dng cc phm [ ] [ ] chuyn i v hin th 1 trong 3 trang ny ra mn hnh . Cc kt qu phn tch c in ra bng my in gn sn . 3.6. Th tc tt my. Th tc Shutdown cn phi thc hin trc khi tt my sau mt ngy lm vic hay 24 gi chy my lin tc . iu ny rt cn thit bo v v s dng my lu di . Nu tt my m khng thc hin th tc Shutdown s dn n mt s hng hc nh : chn ho cht, kt tinh ti cc bnh v vi phun ... Th tc Shutdown Bm phm Shutdown khi my ang trng thi Ready. Nu mun b th tc Shutdown v tr v trng thi Ready n phm nhn phm START. B l ra khi vi ht sau khi c 2 ting Beep ngn ; My s thc hin Shutdown ; Kt thc tin trnh mn hnh s hin th dng ch Shut-down sequence was completed . Turn off the power ( th tc tt my c thc hin . Hy tt cng tc ngun in ) ; Tt cng tc nm bn phi ca my . [3]. Nu mun thc hin Shutdown t l cha dung dch Cell Clean vo vi ht v

39

cc cu hi lng gi kin thc Cc cu hi trnh by 1. Trnh by ngha cc c tnh k thut ca cc my m t bo OT18 2. So snh v nh gi cc tnh nng k thut ca loi my m t bo OT18 vi cc loi my m t bo bng phng php tr khng nh CD1700, KX21 3. So snh v nh gi cc tnh nng k thut ca loi my m t bo OT18 vi cc loi my m t bo bng phng php LASER nh CD3200, CD4000 4. Trnh by quy trnh chy mu ca my OT18 6. Trnh by quy trnh khi ng OT18 7. Trnh by quy trnh tt my OT18 Chn cu tr li bng cch chn ng/sai 1. Cc my m t bo thc hin quy trnh bo tr hng ngy mt cch t ng hon ton ng Sai 2. Cch 1 ngy mi thc hin quy trnh bo tr hng ngy ng Sai

40

Bi III: mt s h hng thng thng v cch khc phc Mc tiu: Trnh by c nguyn nhn v cch khc phc cc s c thng thng phn bung m ca my m t bo OT18 Trnh by c nguyn nhn v cch khc phc cc s c thng s my m t bo OT18 Trnh by c nguyn nhn v cch khc phc cc s c do ho cht ca my m t bo OT18 Nu c bt c li g xy ra trong qu trnh hot ng , my s t ng a ra cc thng bo li trn mn hnh km theo ting beep ko di . Bm phm [HELP] v tra cu theo bng di y thc hin cc thao tc x l li : Lu : Cc thng bo li sau y ch dng tham kho, gi trong qu trnh tm nguyn nhn v khc phc s c. Trn thc t c nhng nguyn nhn khc nhau nhng c cng biu hin. Ngi K thut vin cn trnh cc sai st ng tic do thiu hiu bit khi khc phc s c.

* Cc vn i vi tt c cc thng s
TT Vn ch Nguyn nhn ca vn Sa li

41

Khi ng b li, kim tra cc ha cht - Cc u m cao

- Khng c ha cht

- Kim tra v/ hoc thay th ha cht nu cn thit - Kim tra v/ hoc thay th ha cht nu cn thit Thc hin mt qu trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh, chy li vng khi ng Kim tra iu kin lm vic ca u o mu Gi cn b k thut ca Horiba ABX tr gip Thc hin mt qu

- Cc ha cht b nhim

- Cc k h c th b bn

Khng c kt qu phn tch

- u o mu b bt kn

- in b d

Cc kt qu ca bnh nhn thy nghi ng - C th k h b bn

trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh, chy

li mu - C th u o mu b bt kn Tho v sc vo u - r r t u bt ca ng dn o mu. Kim tra u bt ng xem r r v gi n h tr k thut - C th cc t huyt T nm di bung m WBC. ca hng Gi cn b k thut ca Horiba ABX tr gip

42

C trn i vi hu ht cc thng s

- C th k h b bn

Thc hin mt qu trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh, chy li mu Gi cn b k thut ca Horiba ABX tr gip Thc hin mt qu

- C th cc t huyt T nm di bung m WBC. 5 Gi tr QC nm ngoi gii hn cho php - C th k h b bn

trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh, chy li mu Kim tra u bt ng xem r r v gi n h tr k thut ca hng Gi cn b k thut ca Horiba ABX tr gip Gi cn b k thut ca Horiba ABX tr gip Thc hin mt qu

- r r t u bt ca ng dn

- C th cc t huyt T nm di bung m WBC. Qu trnh chun nh km chnh xc 6 Kh nng nhc km - C th k h b bn

trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh, chy li mu Kim tra u bt ng xem r r v gi n h tr k thut ca hng

- r r t u bt ca ng dn

43

- C th cc t huyt T nm di bung m WBC. Qu trnh chun nh km chnh xc 7 H thng ng dn trong bung m km cht lng - C th cc t huyt T nm di bung m WBC. - C th s c vi chn khng, vi thi

Gi cn b k thut ca Horiba ABX tr gip Gi cn b k thut ca Horiba ABX tr gip Gi cn b k thut ca Horiba ABX tr gip La chn 4-Dch v, 5- C kh, 5- bnh p sut, kim tra s hot ng.

* Nhng vn xy ra i vi cc thng s RBC/PLT TT 1 Vn ch Khi ng b li, kim tra cc ha cht - Cc u m cao Nguyn nhn ca vn - C th k h b bn Sa li Thc hin mt qu trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh, chy li vng khi ng - C th u o mu b bt kn Tho v sc vo u - r r t u bt ca ng dn o mu. Kim tra u bt ng xem r r v gi n h tr k thut ca hng

44

- C th cc ha cht nhim

Kim tra v thay th ha cht nu cn thit, chy li vng khi ng. Thc hin mt qu trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh, chy li mu. Kim tra cht pha long trong bung m trong sut chu trnh, Gi cn b k thut ca Horiba ABX tr gip Thc hin mt qu

Khng c kt qu phn tch

- C th k h b bn

- C th bung m RBC khng y

Cc kt qu ca bnh phm thy nghi ng - C th k h b bn

trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh, chy li mu Thc hin mt qu trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh, chy li mu. Kim tra u bt ng xem r r v gi n h tr k thut ca hng.

- C th bung m b bn

- r r t u bt ca ng dn

45

Gi tr QC nm ngoi gii hn cho php - C th k h b bn

Thc hin mt qu trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh, chy Qu trnh chun nh km chnh xc - r r t u bt ca ng dn li mu Gi cn b k thut ca Horiba ABX tr gip Kim tra u bt ng xem r r v gi n h tr k thut ca hng Thc hin mt qu - C th k h b bn trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh, chy Qu trnh chun nh km li mu Gi cn b k thut ca Horiba ABX - r r t u bt ca ng dn tr gip Kim tra u bt ng xem r r v gi n h tr k thut Trn mu khng chnh xc ca hng Trn mu trc khi bm thanh mu i vi mi mu.

Kh nng nhc km

* i vi cc vn xy ra i vi cc thng s WBC/HGB cng gn ging vi thng s RBC/PLT, cn tham kho thm. * Khc phc s c ca h thng hot ng TT Vn ch Nguyn nhn ca vn Sa li

46

Khng c in vo thit b

Thit b ngt in v/ hoc dy in khng cm vo ngun in C th n cu ch

Bt thit b v/ hoc cm dy in vo ngun in Gi cn b k thut ca Horiba ABX tr gip Gi cn b k thut ca Horiba ABX c hng dn v ni li cable. Bm phm DEL v phm (.) ng thi, chnh li tng phn. T menu chnh, la chn 4-Service, 5-C kh, sau la chn mot theo yu cu v s thay th. Tho np chnh ca thit b, kim tra ton b u kt ni, gi s h tr Horiba ABX c tr gip.

Khng hin th trn mn hnh LCD

C th khng ni cable n mn hnh

C th iu chnh khng chnh xc v tng phn ca LCD 3 Li moto bt k mot no C th do hng mot

C th rt cable n mot trn bng in

* Khc phc s c vi cc thng tin Error c trng TT 1 Thng tin Error Vng khi ng b hng, kim tra cc ha cht Sa li Kim tra v/ hoc thay ha cht Thc hin mt qu trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh, chy li vng khi ng. Tho v sc u o mu, chy li

47

vng khi ng. Kim tra u bt vi -3 xem c b r r khng, gi s h tr Horiba ABX c tr gip. C th nhiu in t, gi s h tr Horiba ABX c tr gip. 2 Vng khi ng b hng, kim tra cc ha cht Li nhiu sng HGB Thc hin mt qu trnh Kim tra v/ hoc thay th ha cht. Thc hin mt qu trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh, chy li vng khi ng. C th nhiu in th HGB nm ngoi phm vi. 3 Li do moto ca bnh p sut, thit b Pack i vi thit b Pack, tho dng cht thi t ti, n xung v gi van thi ca ti, n mt cnh ca ti xung khng kh nm ngoi hp cht thi. Cm li vo dng 4 Li do moto ca bnh p sut, thit b Separate reagent thi Kim tra s tc nghn v s hn ch ca dng thi Thng cha cht thi phi c .. C th mot b d, gi s h tr 5 Li moto ca ng dn cht lng Horiba ABX c tr gip. Kim tra u vi 3, gi s h tr Horiba ABX c tr gip. C th rt dy t bng in, tho np thit b kim tra ton b u ni. C th mot b d, gi s h tr

48

Li moto chuyn ng

Horiba ABX c tr gip. C th lm hn ch s di chuyn t cc bung m n v tr u, kim tra s hn ch . C th b cm bin chuyn ng b li, la chn 4-Dch v, 5-C kh, 1-Cc b cm bin. Di chuyn b chuyn ng sang bn phi t v tr u, b cm bin nn chy t 0 n 1**** nu cn thit. C th mot b li, gi s h tr k thut ca Horiba ABX. C th hn ch s di chuyn t v tr Down n v tr u Up, kim tra s hn ch. C th b cm bin kim b li. T menu chnh, la chn 4-Dch v, 5-C kh, 1-Cc b cm bin. Di chuyn kim xung sau Up n v tr u, b cm bin nn chy t 0 n 1**** nu cn thit. C th mot b li, gi s h tr k thut ca Horiba ABX. Tt my in, la chn li my in, t Menu chnh, la chn 5-La chn, 1-Cc kt qu, 1-In li kt qu. My bt v/ hoc kt ni li my in n thit b. T menu chnh, la chn 5- La chn, 1Cc kt qu, 1-In li kt qu.. La chn my in khng chnh xc, la chn my in chnh xc t

Li kim mot

Li khng in c

My in li do khng la chn

49

menu chnh, 5-La chn, 1-Cc 10 Ngy sai, th li, li kt qu, 1-In li kt qu. S dng phm (.) gia mi nhm s khi vo ngy. C th xem li ngy sai, kim tra ngy ng, vo li ngy. S dng phm (.) gia mi nhm s khi vo 11 12 13 Gi sai, th li, li Vng khi ng khng bt u, li Gi tr sai Mini: XXX, Maxi: li XXX ngy. S dng phm (.) gia mi nhm s khi vo ngy. Bm phm Startup chy mt vng khi ng. Nhp gi tr ng gia (0 n 99,999) i vi chy mu #. Nm ngoi gi tr quy nh trong qu trnh chun t ng, nhp gi tr ng. Nm ngoi gi tr quy nh trong qu trnh chun t ng, vo gi tr ng gia (3 n 11) chy thit b. H s chun nm ngoi khong. Nhp h s nm trong khong c c th trong phn chun nh v QC.

50

cc cu hi lng gi kin thc Cc cu hi trnh by 1. Phn tch nguyn nhn ca cc s c sai thng s ca my m t bo OT18 2. Phn tch cc thao tc x l s c phn thng s ca my m t bo OT18 Chn cu tr li bng cch chn ng/sai 1. Cc my m t bo OT18 lun thng bo nguyn nhn li mt cch chnh xc ng Sai 2. OT18 thng xy ra li bn bung m ng Sai 3. Cht lng ho cht c th gy ra s c ng Sai

51

Bi IV. Quy Trnh Bo Dng

Mc tiu:

Trnh by c ngha ca vic bo dng my m t bo OT18 Trnh by c quy trnh bo tr hng ngy ca my m t bo OT18 Trnh by c cc chc nng trong menu SERVICE

- Cn tun th cht ch cc quy trnh bo dng nh k. iu ny rt quan trng bo v v s dng my c tt . - C 3 ch bo dng nh k : Bo dng hng ngy, bo dng hng qu . - Ngoi ra cn c mi s thao tcbo dng ph tr khi cn . - Cc ch bo dng n gin hng ngy v hng thng ch yu do ngi s dng vn hnh my thc hin. Mt trong nhng nhn t c bn thu c cc kt qu chnh xc v tin cy l mt thit b c bo tr tt. My ABX Micros 60 c thit k duy tr cng vic bo tr ny t ng ngi vn hnh nhn bit c danh mc ca n. Phn hng dn ny s miu t cc trnh t bo tr hng ngy v nh k. 1.1 Bo dung hng ngy Cc trnh t v sinh ny c yu cu hng ngy duy tr s hon ho ti u ca my ABX Micros 60 ca bn. Ch : Khng thc hin cc bc sc ra gii thiu ny c th dn n lm gim tin cy ca h thng. N rt quan trng trong khi bn quan trc my phn tch ny cho cc kiu mu v n c th gy ra qu trnh sc ra sm hn l trnh.

52

Bt u vi mi ngy lm vic, phi tin hnh mt vng khi ng. Vng khi ng c th c tin hnh mt cch t ng hoc bng cch bm phm Startup trc panel ca thit b v h thng c la chn vng ny. Cui mi bui lm vic, phi tin hnh mt vng v ch ch . Vng ny c th c tin hnh mt cch t ng hoc bng cch bm phm Standby trc panel ca thit b. Vng ny tin hnh trong vng 1 pht. Mi ln vng Standby hon thnh phi phi Off my hoc a n v ch Standby qua m. Ch : Ch Standby gii thiu dch ra trong cc bung m sc ra enzim ca protein bm vo bung m v cc k h. Vng Standby ny l mt bc rt quan trng trong vic bo tr hng ngy. Chu trnh sc ra t ng ny c thc hin t ng khi s Chu trnh phn tch t c bt u Chu trnh sc ra t ng. Tn s ca Chu trnh ny c th c t chng trnh bi ngi vn hnh iu chnh khi lng cng vic ca th nghim sp xp s Chu trnh. Chu trnh sc ra t ng ny cng c th c kch hot thng xuyn bng cch a vo Service menu. S dng phm mi tn Down la chn ch ra t ng, sau n phm Enter chy chu trnh. Nhn chung, my ABX Micros 60 nn c sc ra trong mt chu hng ngy thi mu kh. Dng nc m v mt git nc x phng vi mt d m nu cn v sinh bn ngoi thit b. Cnh bo: Khng s dng cc cht dung mi v cc vt liu lm try da sc ra thit b. Loi b nhng vt mu dnh vo cng sm cng tt. Lun lun ngt ngun in trc khi v sinh bn ngoi thit b. m bo rng thit b phi hon ton kh trc khi kt ni ngun in tr li. 1.2 Cc chc nng Service

53

Mt s chc nng phc v c trang b sn cho ngi vn hnh sc ra v kim tra thit b. Cc chc nng ny c cp nht t menu chnh. Bm phm Enter cp nht cc menu thay th ny nh ch ra trn mn hnh: * Ra ngc Chc nng ca dch v ny s cho php ngi vn hnh sc ra k h bung m trong trng hp kt khi. T menu thay thc v, chn 1-Ra ngc, sau bm phm Enter khi ng qu trnh. Chu trnh ny hon thnh trong vng xp x 20 giy. M ca ca thit b v xc nhn rng cht lng ang c ht vo thng qua k h (theo di vi bong bng nh trong h thng ng m, mang n t u m). Khi qu trnh ny khi ng, xc nhn rng cht lng ang c ht vo thng qua k h (theo di vi bong bng nh trong h thng ng m, mang n t u m). Nu bn khng nhn thy bt k bong bng nh no di chuyn thng qua h thng ng hoc trong bung m th k h c th vn b bt kn. Trong trng hp ny, tin hnh mt qu trnh sc ra thch hp. * Bung ng dn Chc nng phc vny s cho php ngi vn hnh kim tra c ng ng dn trong bung m sao cho ph hp v duy tr mt s phn ca ng phn phi hydraulic ging nh l n y cht thi ra ngoi thit b. Chu trnh ny tiu tn khong xp x 7 giy. T menu thay th, chn cc bung ng dn, sau bm phm Enter. Xc nhn ng dn cht phi ph hp thng qua h thng ng cht thi t sau thit b. Nu n khng tho cht thi hiu qu, kim tra vic kt ni h thng ng dn cht thi v xc nhn rng n khng b vt hoc un khc ca h thng ng.

54

Xc nhn rng hai bung WBC v RBC ang c dn chnh xc, khng chm nhng khng qu nhanh. Nu khng, xem phn khc phc s c. * Bm ha cht Chc nng ca dch v ny s cho php ngi vn hnh bm cc ha cht khng ch mt loi m tt c cc loi trong mt ln ph thuc vo kiu h thng m bn c (tch ha cht hoc minipak). T menu, la chn phn bm ha cht. C 2 kiu ca h thng ABX Micros 60. 1. H thng chai (Tch cc ha cht). Menu thay th ca cc ha cht bm s ch ra: 1-Tt c ha cht 2- Cht pha long 3-Cht ph v dch hng cu 4-Cht ra Bm phm Enter cp nht menu thay th ny vi cc chai. La chn ha cht hoc cc ha cht bm, sau bm phm Enter khi ng chu trnh bm. 2- H thng ti (Tt c cc ha cht ca ABX Minipak cha trong 1 ti), cht pha long, cht ph v dch hng cu v cht ra. Menu thay th ca cc ha cht bm s ch ra 1-Thay i ti 2-Dung lng 3-Ti bm Bm phm Enter cp nht menu ny. La chn c thay i ti nu ti hin ti thp v bm ti hin ti nu chu trnh c hiu qu. Tng bc hng dn s c a ra trn mn hnh khi lp mt Minipak. 55

Ch : Khi bm ha cht hoc ti, xc nhn rng ha cht ang c bm. Xem cc khoang ha cht bm. Xc nhn rng ha cht ang a vo v tho ra cc khoang khi mt chu trnh c bt u. Xc nhn rng khng c bong bng kh trong cc dng ha cht khi bm. * Lm sch m c Chc nng ca dch v ny cho php ngi vn hnh thc hin mt qu trnh sc ra rt tt ca cc bung m WBC v RBC v cc k h. Thi gian ca chu trnh ny c th thay i do iu chnh phn mm. Chc nng ny c bt u khi thng s thng xuyn v c c mt trong khi phn tch bnh phm bnh thng. T menu thay thc v, s dng mi tn Down v chn 4-Sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh. (2) cc dung dch c gii thiu theo trnh t nh sau: 1-ABX Minoclair: mt dung dch cha khong 20% cht ty trng 2-75% dung dch ty tng Clorox u n gm 3 phn cht ty trng v 1 phn nc Deionized. Hai dung dch miu t trn y s sc ra ph thuc vo tnh d di ca s bt knh trong bung m v k h. Bm phm Enter cp nht chc nng ny v theo cc bc lm xut hin trn mn hnh ch ra: 1-M ca np chnh ca my ABX Micros 60 nh ch ra: Please Open cover door Pres a key to continue.. 2- Nu my ABX Micros 60 c mt np y bung m WBC/HGB, phn phi dung dch m bn chn vo bung m RBC v vo cc l nh np bung WBC n i vo bung m. 56

Nu my ABX Micros 60 c mt np c hai bung WBC v RBC, phn phi dung dch m bn chn vo bung m RBC v vo cc l nh np bung WBC n i vo bung m. Rt 3 ml dung dch ra vo bung WBC v bm mt phm tip tc.. Rt 3 ml dung dch ra vo bung RBC v bm mt phm tip tc.. 3- Sau khi dung dch c thm vo hai bung m, bm bt k phm no tip tc. Chu trnh ra s bt u v thi gian ra s c hin th. Thi gian ny s khc nhau ph thuc vo vic iu chnh phn mm trong my phn tch. Chu trnh ra tp trung lin quan n cc chu trnh khc nhau, Ra ngc, Aspiration, rinsing, cc chu trnh ny cho php mt qu trnh sc ra tt cc bung m v k h. Sau khi trnh t ny hon thnh, thc hin mt chu trnh Startup xc nhn rng cc thng s chnh nm trong gii hn ca chng. 4- Ch mt ln chu trnh khi ng c kt thc, phn tch mu c th bt u. Tm quan trng: Mt s c fabrin trong cc bung m v cc k h c th yu cu trnh t sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh ny c chy nhiu hn mt ln vi (3) Backfushes trc khi chu trnh ra v (3) Backfushes sau khi chu trnh sc ra m bo thi b tt c cc cn no trc khi phn tch mu. * Kim tra my mc Chc nng ca dch v ny s cho php ngi vn hnh di chuyn thng qua mt menu thay th ca cc qu trnh di chuyn my mc, iu ny cho php chng di la chn mt c cu ring bit cho s xc minh chc nng. Nu ngi vn hnh kim tra mt s h hng my mc ring bit, chng c th xc nhn n trong menu ny. T menu dch v, s dng mi tn Down la chn 5-My mc, sau bm phm Enter cp nht menu thay th ny nh ch ra: 57

Mechnic 12:32

>1-Check sensors 2-Needle U/D

C 8 chc nng trong menu ny: 1-B cm bin: Chm v b phn chuyn ng. B phn ny cho php ngi vn hnh kim tra cc b cm bin ca u o mu v b phn chuyn ng ca mu. 2-Chm U/D: B phn ny cho php ngi vn hnh kim tra s di chuyn Up v Down ca u o mu. 3-B phn chuyn ng L/R: B phn ny cho php ngi vn hnh kim tra vic di chuyn Up v Down ca u o mu. 4-Vi phun cht lng: B phn ny cho php ngi vn hnh kim tra u ca vi phun, u ny di chuyn mu, cht pha long v dch ph v hng cu vo cc bung m. 5- Bnh p sut: Bnh ny cho php ngi vn hnh kim tra bnh chn khng/ cht thi di chuyn hon ton ln hoc xung. 6-Cc van: B phn ny cho php ngi vn hnh iu chnh tt c cc van trong my phn tch theo mt th t k tip nhau t 1 n 13. 7-CHG tng phn: iu ny cho php ngi vn hnh thay i tng phn ca mn hnh hin th tinh th lng. 8- Khu vc: N cho php ngi vn hnh t ng chn khng/ dn cht thi vo mt v tr thch hp trong thi gian bo qun my phn tch. sp xp menu ca b cm bin kim tra, t con tr 1-Check sensors v bm phm Enter. Mn hnh s ch ra. Needle sensor: 0 Carriage sensor: 0 58

B cm bin chm: 2 m ca chnh ca my ABX Micros 60 v di chuyn chm mu ln pha trn bng x d trn nh. Nu b cm bin tt, n tr li t 0 n 1 theo 10 bc. B cm bin chuyn ng: 3- vi chm mu v tr Up, di chuyn b chuyn ng mu sang phi. Nu b cm bin tt, n tr li t 0 n 1 theo 10 bc nh ch ra di y. Needle sensor: 1********** Carriage sensor: 1********** Bm bt k phm no thot chc nng. Nu bt k b cm bin no gi li 0 khi my mc c di chuyn, lin lc vi i din h tr v k thut Horiba ABX ti a phng h tr vn ny. cp nht bt k chc nng c kh no khc, t con tr bng vo my v bm phm Enter cp nht chc nng no khc. Mn hnh s hin th thng qua chc nng. Bm phm thot ESC thot bt k chc nng no. * iu chnh tng phn ca mn hnh tinh th lng (LCD) 1-T menu my mc, la chn 7- tng phn CHG sau bm phm Enter cp nht chc nng khc nh ch ra: 2- Bm phm mi tn Up tng tng phn hoc bm phm mi tn Down gim tng phn. 3- Khi t tng phn, bm phm Enter chp nhn s thay i tng phn. Ch : Menu tng phn c th c cp nht bt k thi gian no t menu khc. Bm v gi phm xa (Del) v phm (.) ng thi. Menu tng phn s xut hin trong vic iu chnh. 59

* Khu vc Chc nng ca dch v ny cho php ngi vn hnh t vi bm chn khng/ vi cht thi vo mt v tr thit b c th c t vo vng bo qun hoc tt my trong mt thi gian di. T menu my, la chn 8-Park sau bm phm Enter t vi bm vo v tr khu vc. 1.3 Cc chu trnh thit b Chc nng ca dch v ny cho php ngi vn hnh quan st s lng cc chu trnh ca my ABX Micros 60 chy. Menu chu trnh ny s cha (3) chu trnh quan st nh ch ra. 1-Startup: S chu trnh khi ng m thit b chy 2-Standby: S chu trnh ch m thit b chy 3-CBC: S chu trnh phn tch m thit b chy T menu dch v la chn 6-Cycle, sau bm phm Enter cp nht menu ny nh ch ra: Cycles 12:30 >1-Standup <4097> 2-Standby <6234>

1.4. Cc chc nng k thut Chc nng ca dch v ny cho php ngi vn hnh lm vic vi s h tr v k thut ca Horiba ABX trong vic gii quyt, kim tra v/ hoc iu chnh mt s vn k thut trong my ABX Micros 60. Menu dch v ny c s dng ch yu l cc k s p ng vic hiu chnh cc khu vc k thut ca my phn tch.

60

Ch : Menu chc nng k thut ny c th ch c cp nht bi mt m kha ring. Khi cc thit b ca bn trong khu vc ny gp s c, hy gi n vn phng i din h tr k thut ca Horiba ABX ti a phng v m kha ring v nhng hng dn trong vng la chn ny. 1.5 Sc ra t ng Chc nng ca dch v ny cho php ngi vn hnh la chn mt chu trnh sc ra ti bt k thi im m h mun sc ra thit b. Chu trnh sc ra ny l chu trnh ging vi chu trnh sc ra theo chng trnh thng xuyn. T menu dch v la chn 8-Sc ra t ng sau bm phm Enter khi ng chu trnh sc ra. Mn hnh s ch ra mt chu trnh sc ra theo tin v qung thi gian c th khc nhau ph thuc vo vic iu chnh phn mm trong thit b. Tm quan trng: Chu trnh sc ra t ng ny l mt chu trnh ngn v khng th cung cp hnh ng sc ra i vi cc cc fibrin trong cc k h v/ hoc cc bung m. Nu y l mt trng hp, mt qu trnh sc ra bng dung dch ph hu protein kt dnh c gii thiu.

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Phn lng gi kin thc Cc cu hi trnh by 1. Trnh by ngha ca vic bo tr OT18 2. Trnh by cc chc nng trong menu SERVICE Chn cu tr li bng cch chn ng/sai 1. Cc my m t bo thc hin quy trnh bo tr hng ngy mt cch t ng hon ton ng Sai 2. Cch 1 ngy mi thc hin quy trnh bo tr hng ngy ng Sai 3. Cng vic bo tr khng cn dng n ho cht chuyn dng ng Sai

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Ti liu tham kho [1] R. Aston, Principles of BioMedical Instrumentation and Mesurement, Merrill, pp 37 255, 1990 [2] Tp bi ging chuyn ngnh K thut y sinh ca Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni [2] Tp bi ging chuyn ngnh K thut y sinh ca Khoa K thut y sinh Hc Vin K thut qun s [4] Ti liu hng dn s dng v s ch ca cc Hng: Abbott, Sysmex, Europe

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