Unit 4

Answer key
1 1 Surveying and mapping the sea bed / 2 Planning the route of the pipeline / 3 Constructing the pipes /
4 Connecting the pipes into a pipeline / 5 Laying the pipeline on the sea bed / 6 Burying the pipeline under the sea bed / 7 Cleaning out the pipeline before use

2 A Fig 2 / B Fig 1 / 1 trench / 2 pipeline / 3 stinger / 4 anchor line / 5 anchor / 6 gravel 3 1 The oil is brought onshore by means of pipelines. / 2 The pipes are covered with bitumen and concrete.
/ 3 The pipes are welded together on the lay barge. / 4 The new pipeline is laid on the sea bed using a lay barge. / 5 The lay barge is winched forwards using its anchor lines. / 6 A trench is dug under the pipeline using a pipe trenching barge.

4 1 The pipes are coated with bitumen, which protects them from water. / 2 The sailors switch on the

winch, which pulls the barge forwards. / 3 The pipes are taken to the welders, who join them together into a pipeline. / 4 The pipeline is guided by a stinger, which prevents it from sinking too quickly. / 5 They use a pipeline inspection gauge, which cleans out the pipe. / 6 The pipeline route is planned by surveyors, who map the sea bed.

5 1 c / 2 a / 3 e / 4 b / 5 d 6 Possible answer: First, the jacket is fabricated onshore. Next, the finished jacket is towed out to the field
in calm weather and launched into the sea. Next, the jacket is turned right side up by flooding the tanks in its legs. Then piles are driven to secure the jacket to the sea bed. Finally, the platform is brought to the jacket and lifted onto the jacket by means of cranes.

Pearson Longman 2008

www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish