1.

4
1. vTH , RTH = ?
3W 2W

Circuit Theorems
(C) 1 V, 5 W 6 (D) -1 V, 6 W 5

4. A simple equivalent circuit of the 2 terminal

6V 6W vTH, RTH

network shown in fig. P1.4.4 is

Fig. P.1.4.1

(A) 2 V, 4 W (C) 4 V, 5 W 2. i N , R N = ?
2W

(B) 4 V, 4 W (D) 2 V, 5 W

Fig. P.1.4.4

2W

R R v

15 V

4W

iN, RN

(A)
Fig. P.1.4.2
R R i i

(B)

(A) 3 A,

10 W 3

(B) 10 A, 4 W (D) 1.5 A, 4 W (C) 5. i N , R N = ?

2W 2W

(C) 1,5 A, 6 W 3. vTH , RTH = ?

(D)

2A

3W

1W

vTH, RTH

6A

4W

3W

iN RN

Fig. P.1.4.3

Fig. P.1.4.5

(A) -2 V,

6 W 5

(B) 2 V,

5 W 6

(A) 4 A, 3 W (C) 2 A, 9 W
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(B) 2 A, 6 W (D) 4 A, 2 W

34

Circuit Theorems

Chap 1.4

6. vTH , RTH = ?
30 W 20 W 5V 5A 25 W

The value of the parameter are vTH (A)

vTH, RTH

RTH 2 W 2 W 1.2 W 5 W

iN 2 A 2 A 30 A 3 8 A 5

RN 2 W 3 W 1.2 W 5 W

4 V 4 V 8 V 8 V

(B) (C) (D)

Fig. P.1.4.6

(A) -100 V, 75 W (C) 155 V, 37 W 7. RTH = ?

6W

(B) 155 V, 55 W (D) 145 V, 75 W

10. v1 = ?
2W 1W 1W 3W

8V

2W

6W

+ v1

6W

18 V

2A

6W RTH 5V

Fig. P.1.4.10

(A) 6 V (C) 8 V
Fig. P.1.4.7

(B) 7 V (D) 10 V

(A) 3 W (C) 6 W

(B) 12 W (D)

11. i1 = ?
4 kW i1 4 kW 20 V 6 kW

8. The Thevenin impedance across the terminals ab of the network shown in fig. P.1.4.8 is
a 3W
12 V 4 kW 3 kW 24 V

Fig. P.1.4.11
2A 6W 8W 8W

(A) 3 A (C) 2 mA
b

(B) 0.75 mA (D) 1.75 mA

2V

Fig. P.1.4.8

Statement for Q.1213: A circuit is given in fig. P.1.4.1213. Find the Thevenin equivalent as given in question..
10 W x 16 W y

(A) 2 W (C) 6.16 W

(B) 6 W (D) 4 W 3

9. For In the the circuit shown in fig. P.1.4.9 a network and its Thevenin and Norton equivalent are given
2W 3W RTH 4V 2A vTH iN RN

5V

40 W

8W

1A

Fig. P.1.4.1213

12. As viewed from terminal x and x is (A) 8 V, 6 W (B) 5 V, 6 W (D) 8 V, 32 W (C) 5 V, 32 W

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Fig. P.1.4.9

Chap 1.4

Circuit Theorems

35

13. As viewed from terminal y and y is (A) 8 V, 32 W (C) 5 V, 6 W (B) 4 V, 32 W (D) 7 V, 6 W

(C) 0 A, 20 W 19. vTH , RTH = ?

6W

(D) 0 A, -20 W

i1

14. A practical DC current source provide 20 kW to a 50 W load and 20 kW to a 200 W load. The maximum power, that can drawn from it, is (A) 22.5 kW (C) 30.3 kW Statement for Q.1516: In the circuit of fig. P.1.4.1516 when R = 0 W , the current iR equals 10 A.
4W 2W 2W

3i1

4W

iN,

RN

(B) 45 kW (D) 40 kW (A) 0 W (C) 2.4 W 20. vTH , RTH = ?

4V +

Fig. P1.4.19

(B) 1.2 W (D) 3.6 W

4W

R iR

2W

4A
0.1v1 5W v1

vTH RTH

Fig. P.1.4.1516. Fig. P.1.4.20

15. The value of R, for which it absorbs maximum power, is (A) 4 W (C) 2 W (B) 3 W (D) None of the above

(A) 8 V, 5 W (C) 4 V, 5 W 21. RTH = ?

2W

(B) 8 V, 10 W (D) 4 V, 10 W

16. The maximum power will be (A) 50 W (C) 200 W (B) 100 W (D) value of E is required
4V

3W + vx 4 vx RTH

17. Consider a 24 V battery of internal resistance r = 4 W connected to a variable resistance RL . The rate of heat dissipated in the resistor is maximum when the current drawn from the battery is i . The current drawn form the battery will be i 2 when RL is equal to (A) 2 W (C) 8 W 18. i N , R N = ?
10 W i1 20i1 30 W iN, RN 5W

Fig. P.1.4.21

(A) 3 W (C) 5 W

(B) 1.2 W (D) 10 W

(B) 4 W (D) 12 W

22. In the circuit shown in fig. P.1.4.22 the effective resistance faced by the voltage source is
4W

vs

i 4

Fig. P.1.4.22 Fig. P.1.4.18

(A) 4 W (C) 2 W
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(B) 3 W (D) 1 W

(A) 2 A, 20 W

(B) 2 A, -20 W

36

Circuits Theorems

Chap 1.4

23. In the circuit of fig. P1.4.23 the value of RTH at terminal ab is

0.75va

ix

16 V 2W

0.9 A

3W

RL

8W

Fig. P.1.4.2627
a 4W va + b

9V

26. The value of RL will be (A) 2 W (C) 1 W (B) 3 W (D) None of the above

Fig. P.1.4.23

(A) -3 W 8 (C) - W 3 24. RTH = ?

(B)

9 W 8

27. The maximum power is (A) 0.75 W (C) 2.25 W 28. RTH = ? (B) 1.5 W (D) 1.125 W

(D) None of the above

200 W

-2ix

va 100

va +

(A) (C) 3 W 125

25. In the circuit of fig. P.1.4.25, the RL will absorb maximum power if RL is equal to
40 W i 6V 200 W 3i RL 100 W

(A) (C)

400 W 3 800 W 3

Statement for Q.2627: In the circuit shown in fig. P1.4.2627 the maximum power transfer condition is met for the load RL .
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Fig. P.1.4.29a & b
18 V 6W 3A 12 V

100 W 50 W

RTH

0.01vx 100 W

100 W 300 W ix 800 W

+ vx RTH

Fig. P.1.4.24

(B) 0 (D) 125 W 3 (A) 100 W (C) 200 W

Fig. P.1.4.28

(B) 136.4 W (D) 272.8 W

29. Consider the circuits shown in fig. P.1.4.29

ia 2W 6W 2W 12 V 12 V 8V 6W 6W 2W

Fig. P.1.4.25

(B) (D)

2 kW 9 4 kW 9
2W

ib

2W 6W 6W 2W

Chap 1.4

Circuit Theorems

37

The relation between ia and ib is (A) ib = ia + 6 (C) ib = 15 ia . 30. Req = ?

12 W 4W

33. If vs1 = 6 V and vs 2 = - 6 V then the value of va is (A) 4 V (C) 6 V (B) -4 V (D) -6 V

(B) ib = ia + 2 (D) ib = ia

34. A network N feeds a resistance R as shown in fig. P1.4.34. Let the power consumed by R be P. If an identical network is added as shown in figure, the
2W 6W 9W
N R N R N

Req

6W 18 W

power consumed by R will be

Fig. P.1.4.30

(A) 18 W (C) 36 W 13

(B)

72 W 13 (A) equal to P

Fig. P.1.4.34

(D) 9 W

(B) less than P (D) more than 4P

(C) between P and 4P

31. In the lattice network the value of RL for the maximum power transfer to it is
7W
6 W

35. A certain network consists of a large number of ideal linear resistors, one of which is R and two constant ideal source. The power consumed by R is P1 when only the first source is active, and P2 when only the second source is active. If both sources are active

RL
W 5

simultaneously, then the power consumed by R is (A) P1 P2 (B) P1 P2

9W

(C) ( P1 P2 ) 2

(D) ( P1 P2 ) 2

Fig. P.1.4.31

(A) 6.67 W (C) 6.52 W Statement for Q.3233:

(B) 9 W (D) 8 W

36. A battery has a short-circuit current of 30 A and an open circuit voltage of 24 V. If the battery is connected to an electric bulb of resistance 2 W, the power dissipated by the bulb is (A) 80 W (C) 112.5 W (B) 1800 W (D) 228 W results were obtained from

A circuit is shown in fig. P.1.4.3233.

12 W 1W 3W 3W + vs1 1W va vs2 1W

37.

The

following

measurements taken between the two terminal of a resistive network Terminal voltage Terminal current 12 V 0A 0V 1.5 A

Fig. P.1.4.3233

32. If vs1 = vs 2 = 6 V then the value of va is (A) 3 V (C) 6 V (B) 4 V (D) 5 V

The Thevenin resistance of the network is (A) 16 W (C) 0

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(B) 8 W (D)

38

Circuit Theorems

Chap 1.4

38. A DC voltmeter with a sensitivity of 20 kW/V is used to find the Thevenin equivalent of a linear network. Reading on two scales are as follows (a) 0 - 10 V scale : 4 V (b) 0 -15 V scale : 5 V The Thevenin voltage and the Thevenin 200 kW 3 200 kW 3
15 V

Solutions
1. (B) vTH = ( 6)( 6) | = 4 V, RTH = ( 3| 6) + 2 = 4 W 3+ 6 2. (A)
2W
v1

resistance of the network is 16 1 (A) V, MW 3 15 (C) 18 V, 2 MW 15

2W isc 4W

(B)

32 V, 3

(D) 36 V,

39. Consider the network shown in fig. P.1.4.39.

Fig. S.1.4.2

+ Linear Network RL vab

Fig. P.1.4.39

15 10 2 =6W RN = 2 | 4 + 2 = | W, v1 = 1 1 1 3 + + 2 2 4 v isc = i N = 1 = 3 A 2 3. (C) vTH = (2)( 3)(1) 5 = 1 V, RTH = 1| 5 = W | 3+ 3 6

The power absorbed by load resistance RL is shown in table : RL P 10 kW 3.6 MW 30 kW 4.8 MW

4. (B) After killing all source equivalent resistance is R Open circuit voltage = v1 5. (D) isc = 6 4 | = 4 A = iN , RN = 6 | 3 = 2 W 4+2
2W isc 6A 4W 3W

The value of RL , that would absorb maximum power, is (A) 60 kW (C) 300 W (B) 100 W (D) 30 kW

40. Measurement made on terminal ab of a circuit of fig.P.1.4.40 yield the current-voltage characteristics shown in fig. P.1.4.40. The Thevenin resistance is
i(mA)

Fig. S1.4.5

6. (B) RTH = 30 + 25 = 55 W, vTH = 5 + 5 30 = 155 V

+ Resistive Network v a

30 20 10
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2

vab b

7. (C) After killing the source, RTH = 6 W

6W

Fig. P.1.4.40

6W RTH

(A) 300 W (C) 100 W

(B) -300 W (D) -100 W

Fig. S.1.4.7 ***********

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Chap 1.4

Circuit Theorems

39

8. (B) After killing all source, RTH = 3| 6 + 8 | 8 = 6 W | |

3W a

If we Thevenized the left side of xx and source transformed right side of yy 4 8 + 8 24 = 5 V, RTH = 8 | 16 + 8) = 6 W vxx = vTH = |( 1 1 + 8 24 4 8 + 24 8 = 7 V, R = ( 8 + 16)| 8 = 6 W = | TH 1 1 + 24 8

6W 8W

8W

Fig. S1.4.8

13. (D) v yy = vTH

9. (D) voc = 2 2 + 4 = 8 V = vTH RTH = 2 + 3 = 5 W = R N , iN = vTH 8 = A RTH 5 14. (A)

10. (A) By changing the LHS and RHS in Thevenin equivalent

1W 1W 1W 2W
i r RL

+ 4V 6W v1 12 V
2

Fig. S1.4.14

ir ir 50 = 20 k, 200 = 20 k r + 50 r + 200 ( r + 200) 2 = 4( r + 50) 2 i = 30 A, Pmax r = 100 W ( 30) 2 100 = = 22.5 kW 4

Fig. S1.4.10

4 12 + 1+1 1+2 =6 V v1 = 1 1 1 + + 1+1 6 1+2 11. (B) By changing the LHS and RHS in Thevenin equivalent
2 kW i1 4 kW 20 V 2 kW

15. (C) Thevenized the circuit across R, RTH = 2 W

4W 2W 2W

4W

2W

Fig. S1.4.15
6V 8V

10 2 = 50 W 16. (A) isc = 10 A, RTH = 2 W, Pmax = 2 17. (D) RL = r = 4 W, i = 24 3 = RL + 4 2 24 =3 A 4+4

Fig. S1.4.11

i1 =

20 - 6 - 8 = 0.75 mA 2k + 4k + 2k

R = 12 W L

12. (B)
8W x 16 W y 8W

18. (C) i N = 0,
1- i1 10 W

5W i1

4V

8V

+ 20i1 30 W 1A vtest

Fig. S1.4.12

Fig. S1.4.18

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40

Circuit Theorems

Chap 1.4

20 i1 = 30 i1 - 10(1 - i1 )

i1 = 0.5 A

vtest = 5 1 + 30 0.5 = 20 V v R N = test = 20 W 1 19. (B) Circuit does not contains any independent source, vTH = 0
6W i1 + 3i1 4W 1A vtest

22. (B) vs = 4

3i 4

vs = 3W i voc voc - 9 + + 0.75 va = 0 4 8

23. (C) voc = vab = -va ,

2 voc + voc - 9 + 6( -voc ) = 0 , voc = - 3 V If terminal ab is short circuited, va = 0 9 v -3 -8 A and RTH = oc = isc = = W 8 isc 9 8 3 24. (D) Using source transform
i1 100 W 200 W + va va + 50 W 1A vtest

Fig. S1.4.19

Applying 1 A at terminal, i1 = -1 A vtest vtest - 3( -1) . + = 1 vtest = 12 V 4 6 v RTH = test = 12 W . 1 20. (B)
4V isc 0.1v1 5W

Fig. S1.4.24

va = 100 i1 + 200 i1 + 50( i1 + 1) va = 100 i1 - va va = 50 i1 i1 = 1 A 6 50 i1 = 300 i1 + 50 i1 + 50 1 125 vtest = 50 1 - = W 6 3 25. (C)

2i 40 W i 100 W + 3i voc

Fig. S1.4.20
6V 200 W

v1 = 4 + 5 0.1v1 v1 = voc = vTH

v1 = 8 V
Fig. S1.4.25a

For isc , v1 = 0 4 v isc = A, RTH = oc = 10 W 5 isc 21. (D) vx = 2 vx +4 4

2W

6 = 200 i - 40 2 i

i=

1 A 20

voc = 100 3i + 200 i = 25 V vx = 8 V = voc

3W isc 6V 200 W 40 W v1 i 3i1 100 W isc

4V

vx 4

Fig. S1.4.25b Fig. S1.4.21

If terminal is short circuited, vx = 0 4 v 8 isc = = 0.8 A, RTH = oc = = 10 W 2+3 isc 0.8

6 15 15 3 40 V, i = A = v1 = = 1 1 1 4 4 200 160 + + 40 200 100

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Chap 1.4

Circuit Theorems

41

isc =

16 3 3 3 v 25 800 A, RTH = oc = + = = W 4 100 160 32 isc 3 32 3 ix = 0.1 A

10ix + 16 V 0.9 A 3W voc

30. (D) Changing the D to Y

12 W 2W 2 W 3

26. (B) ix + 0.9 = 10 ix

2W

Req

1W 18 W 9W 6W

Fig. S1.4.30

Fig. S1.4.26

voc = 3 10 ix = 30 ix isc = 10 ix = 1 A, RTH

voc = 3 V 3 = = 3W 1 3 = 0.75 W 4 3
2

2 Req = 18 | 14 + 10 | 6 + = 18 | 14 + 4) = 9 W | | |( 3 31. (C) RTH = 7 | 5 + 6 | 9 = 6.52 W | |

7W

27. (A) vTH = voc = 3 V, RL = 3 W, Pmax = 28. (A) ix = 1 A , vx = vtest

-2ix

6 W

RTH
5 W

9W

Fig. S1.4.31
100 W 300 W ix 800 W 1A

0.01vx 100 W

+ vtest

For maximum power transfer RL = RTH = 6.52 W 32. (D) The given circuit has mirror symmetry. It is modified and redrawn as shown in fig. S.1.4.32a.
6W 1W 3W 6V 2W 3W 2W + va 6V 6W 1W

Fig. S1.4.28

vtest = 100 (1 - 2 ix ) + 300 (1 - 2 ix - 0.01vx ) + 800 vtest = 1200 - 800 ix - 3vtest vtest = 100 V 4 vtest = 1200 - 800 = 400 v RTH = test = 100 W 1

Fig. S.1.4.32a

29. (C) In circuit (b) transforming the 3 A source in to 18 V source all source are 1.5 times of that in circuit (a). Hence ib = 15 ia . .
ib 2W 6W 2W 18 V 18 V 6W 12 V 6W 2W

Now in this circuit all straight-through connection have been cut as shown in fig. S1.4.32b
6W 1W 3W 2W + va 6V

Fig. S.1.4.32b

Fig. S1.4.29

va =

6 (2 + 3) =5 V 2 + 3+1

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42

Circuit Theorems

Chap 1.4

33. (B) Since both source have opposite polarity, hence short circuit the all straight-through connection as shown in fig. S.1.4.33
6W 1W 3W 2W + va 6V

For 0 -50 V scale Rm = 50 20 k = 1 MW 4 For 4 V reading i = 50 = 20 mA 10 vTH = 20mRTH + 20m 200 k = 4 + 20mRTH 5 For 5 V reading i = 50m = 5 mA 50 vTH = 5m RTH + 5m 1M = 5 + 5mRTH Solving (i) and (ii) 16 200 V, RTH = vTH = kW 3 3 39. (D) v10 k = 10 k 3.6m = 6 v30 k = 30 k 4.8m = 12 V 6 = 10 vTH 10 + RTH 30 vTH 30 + RTH 10 vTH = 6 RTH + 60 ...(i)

...(ii)

Fig. S1.4.33

va = -

6 ( 6 | 3) | = -4 V 2+1

34. (C) Let Thevenin equivalent of both network

RTH RTH RTH

12 =

5 vTH = 2 RTH + 60

RTH = 30 kW
vTH R vTH R vTH

40. (D) At v = 0 , isc = 30 mA At i = 0, voc = - 3 V v -3 RTH = oc = = - 100 W isc 30m

Fig. S1.4.34

VTH P = R + R R TH VTH P = R R + TH 2 VTH R = 4 2R + R TH

2

************

Thus P < P < 4 P 35. (C) i1 = P1 P2 and i2 = R R P1 R P2 R

using superposition i = i1 + i2 = i 2 R = ( P1 P2 ) 2 36. (C) r = P= voc = 1. 2 W isc

24 2 2 = 112.5 W (1. 2 + 2) 2 voc 12 = =8W isc 15 .

37. (B) RTH =

38. (A) Let

1 1 = = 50 mA sensitivity 20 k

For 0 -10 V scale Rm = 10 20 k = 200 kW

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