Fejl- Ordbog

Trenk dig om
Re e
:tCT- En ten ALD
Se t eksten!
suger Eller
- -
I
v9-:.. 0:? X
-:2.. - -:
fl_-
- .. .. ...
X ':1 .. .:-:
0 X X
OF X X
:\IO :\lang ende ord X
0 Ord- illing 11-18
\-T
\"erbets tid 22-24 X
HY Hj relpeYerbum 25-28
\' F Verbets form 29-37
Lv Uregelmressigt verbum 42-45 X X
K Kongruens 19-21 X
\ P Verb Pattern 38-41 X
SF Substantivets form 55-60 X X X
G Genitiv 61-62
AF Adjektivets form 46-49 X X
AA Adj ektiv I adverbi urn 50-54
UA Ubestemt artikel 63-65
BA Bestemt artikel 66-72
PR Pronomen
73-80 X
P:\I
Pr repositionsmemster 83-85
p
Pr reposition
86-98 X X
T Tegnsretning
81-82
Jens Bagh & Jargen Hovgaard
Fejlstovsugeren
- - ----- - ~ - - ~ - -
Jens Begh & Jergen Hovgaard
Fejlstovsugeren
Grammatisk ovebog i
.engelsk
Musagetes New Materials
AF ADJEKTIVETS FORM gradb0jning 46-47
AA
SF
G
UA
ADJEKTIV/
ADVERBIUM
SUBSTANTIVETS
FORM
GENITIV
falsk komparativ 47
st0tteord 48
en 14-arig dreng 49
adjektiv/ adverbium 1
adjektiv/ adverbium 2
adjektiv/ adverbium 3
flertal 55-57
logisk flertal 58
utrellelige substantiver
form og brug 61-62
UBESTEMT ARTIKEL generelt
few/ little
63-64
65
50-51
52
53-54
59-60
BA BESTEMT ARTIKEL I ved following/ same 66
ved most/ one 66
ved verdenshj0rner/ left-right 66
II ved institutioner/ transportmidler 67-68
PR PRONOMINER
T TEGNSJETNING
ved tidsafsnit/maltider 67-68
III ved begreber 68-70
IV ved egennavne 70-71
bestemt artikel eller
possessivt pronomen 72
demonstrative pronominer (this/ that)
it/ there 74
some/ any 75-76
sp0rgende pronominer
relative pronominer
81-82
77
78-80
73
PM
p
s
PR!EPOSITIONS-
M0NSTER
PR!EPOSITIONER
STAVNING
Appendix I: BROKKASSE
prffiposition + that-sffitning -
aldrig i livet 83-84
prffiposition + infinitiv - heller aldrig 85
tidsprffipositioner 86-87
stedsprffipositioner I 88-90
stedsprffipositioner II 91-93
stedsprffipositione III 94-95
0velser i prffipositioner ved verber, adjektiver
og substantiver 96-98
until/till, to/ too, of/ off
y--+ie 100
konsonantfordobling
stort begyndelsesbogstav
f0rst
as/ like
when/ as
103
104
104
det danske man 105
blive 106
to mean/ to think 107
99
101
102
Appendix II: ALD-0VELSER til almindelig orientering 108
udtale0velser 108-109
.smaadverbiers placering 110
kongruens 110
verb patterns 111
adjektivers gradb0jning 112
substantivers flertal 112
stavning 112-114
Appendix III: GRAMMATIK ordklasser og grammatiske betegnelser 115-117
sffitningsanalyse 117-119
grammatiske 0velser 120-121
SVARBLADE til hyppige prrepositionsforbindelser (til kopiering) 122-124
INDEX 125-127
Forord
Engelsk fejlstevsuger udkom f0rste gang for mere end 8 ar siden. Bogen blev en 0je-
blikkelig succes, idet den revolutionerede ideen o ~ , hvad grammatikundervisning kunne
vrere. Ideen med en grammatisk 0vebog, der kombinerer overskuelig information med va-
rieret 0velsesmateriale, viste sig at vrere rigtig.
Vi har igennem arene samlet sa megen erfaring, at vi nu 0nsker at g0re en god bog bedre.
Fejlstevsugeren, som den nye udgave hedder, er blevetforbedret pa f0lgende punkter:
Den er udvidet med en del nye, grammatiske problemer.
De grammatiske forklaringer er justeret. Alt eksempel- og 0velsesmateriale er revideret
eller fornyet, og 0velserne er inddelt systematisk i 3 niveauer af stigende svrerhedsgrad.
Der er sket visse rendringer i bogens struktur, hvorved opbygningen er blevet mere logisk.
Som noget helt nyt er den forsynet med et integreret rettesystem, som trrener eleven i fejl-
finding, og som g0r det skriftlige rettearbejde mere meningsfyldt for bade lrerer og elev.
Lrereren retter ved hjrelp af et overskueligt an tal forkortelser (22), som bl.a. henviser til
omrader i Fejlstevsugeren. Eleven far saledes en handsrrekning, men selve opkla-
rings- og korrektionsarbej det overlades alligevel til eleven selv. Malet er naturligvis, at ele-
ven skal se sine fejl i den rette sproglige sammenhreng, ikke som l0srevne bommerter.
Fejlstevsugeren trenkes anvendt sammen med Allehande og Enten Eller. Dette
trekl0ver er et system, der pa predagogisk, overskuelig og varieret made sikrer indlrerin-
gen afkorrekt engelsk, bade grammatisk og leksikalt, hvilket er en forudsretning for kom-
munikativ kompetence.
Bogen kan naturligvis bruges som en engangsbog, men dette er ikke n0dvendigt. Vi har
gjort det let at benytte et kladdehefte til besvarelse af opgaverne ved at forsyne samtlige
0velser og sretninger med bogstaver og numre.
Der er udarbejdet en Lrererens Bog til Fejlstevsugeren.
Tak til elever og kolleger for afpmvning af materialet. En srer lig tak sky lder vi lektor Anna
Marie Lebech S0rensen for god og konstruktiv kritik.
Vejle, februar 1987 J ens B0gh og J 0rgen Hovgaard
En grammatisk handsrrekning
Har du problemer med de grammatiske begreber, kan du fa f0rstehjrelp pa denne side.
En grundigere gennemgang findes pa side 115ff.
I S.tETNINGENS LED:
I The man I I had given I I the girl I I a kiss I I the night before
the man
X
had given
0 ....
the girl
CJ
the night before
= subjekt:
(grundled)
= verballed:
(udsagnsled)
= indirekte objekt:
(hensynsled)
= direkte objekt:
(genstandsled)
= adverbialled:
(biled)
hvem eller hvad der udf0rer
verballedet
angiver, hvad sker, er, gores
angiver, hvem eller hvad
handlingen rettes imod
fortreller, hvad manden har
givet
fortreller noget om hvornar,
hvorfor, hvordan, hvor
handlingen foregar. (Ogsa
prreposi tionsforbindelser
er adverbialled)
II DE VIGTIGSTE ORDKLASSER:
1) Verber
( udsagnsord)
2) Substantiver
(navneord)
3) Pronominer
(stedord)
4) Adjektiver
( tillregsord)
5) Adverbier
(biord)
6) Prrepositioner
(forholdsord)
to give
a boy
he/ they
somebody
fat/small
beautiful
quickly
yesterday
there
against/on
after/ at
angiver handling: hvad der sker/ er (der
kari srettes at eller jeg foran)
. er navne pa ting, personer eller begreber
(der kan srettes en eller et foran)
bruges i stedet for et substantiv
fortreller noget ekstra om
substantiver eller pronominer
fortreller noget ekstra om verber, adjektiver,
adverbier eller hele sretningen
smaord, som i forbindelse med substantiver/
pronominer fortreller noget om tid, sted,
arsag, af hvem, til hvem osv.
( = prrepositionsforbindelser)
Subjekt - verballed
DANSK: Lidt senere
ENGELSK: A little later
h0re eksplosionen
hear the explosion
A I en del af de folgende sretninger er der fejl - ret dem! (5 fejl):
1. Late one evening Jennifer heard strange sounds
2. Before she could turn on the light was ther
3. Of course she got frightened, on !l t
4. Therefore thought she t s
5. Her heart was i
de
6. The ow here it seemed, heard she a loud scream which filled
B Oversret folgende sretninger til engelsk:
1. Selvf0lgelig bes0ger mine b0rn mig engang imellem.
2. Sent om aftenen ringede telefonen.
3. Efter frokost gar jeg en tur i Central Park.
4. For en uge siden vandt min bror 15.000 kr. i tipning (on the pools).
5. Om morgenen har jeg altid for travlt til at spise noget.
6. Til sidst indmmmede sekretreren, at han havde lavet en fejl.
7. Jeg har aldrig vreret god til matematik, sagde faderen.
8. Den mand havde Lisa bestemt set f0r.
9. Hvis jeg bestemmer mig til at k0be huset, skal jeg lade Dem det vide.
10. Kan du huske, hvad der skete pa min f0dselsdag sidste ar?
11. Da Randolph vagnede dagen efter, havde han en frygtelig hovedpine (a splitting
headache).
12. Her i landet (In this country) har vi altid haft 0konomiske problemer.
13. Da festen var forbi, gik alle hjem.
14. Huskede du at lregge brevet i postkassen?
15. Da far havde brrekket benet, matte mor klare madlavningen (to do the cooking).
HOV! Lagde du mrerke til sretningerne 10 + 14? Lavede du omvendt ordstilling? Ja,
selvf0lgelig! For deter jo sp0rgende hovedsretninger, hvor vi bade pa dansk og engelsk
har omvendt ordstilling.
11
OS
OS
C(l) Oversret folgende sretninger:
Problemet med disse adverbier undgas, hvis du flytter adverbiet ind i sretningen - det
er normalt ogsa bedre engelsk!
Sjreldent har jeg hort sadan noget vrovl =I have seldom heard such nonsense
1. Nreppe havde han sagt det, for han blev skudt.
2. Sjreldent har menneskeheden (mankind) stilet over for storre problemer.
3. Engang var jeg svommet for langt ud og blev reddet i sidste ojeblik.
4. Forst for sent opdagede han sin fejltagelse.
5. Ikke for sondag ville det vrere muligt at kontakte dem.
6. Sjreldent har en prresident bragt sit land i en sadan situation.
7. Ikke sa snart var Elvis Presley dod, for hans
p)ao,?c>7 J>)c>r tf6'R<V,?.J'c>R,?.t !I&> J>c> 76'.!.J'.Y<Vc>,?).
8. I fremtiden vil alle elever fa adgang til (to have
access to) en computer.
9. Den historie tror jeg ikke pa. Det gor jeg heller ikke.
10. Ikke alene mener jeg, at atommissilerne bor opstilles
(to be deployed); antallet bor fordobles.
11. Aldrig sa snart var lrereren gaet, for eleverne
sprang ud ad vinduet.
12. Ikke alene matte direktoren gil af, han matte ogsa
gil i frengsel. 6
13. Om sommeren er det sjreldent varmt i Danmark.
14. Sa snart manden var gaet, tradte elskeren ud af skabet.
C(2) Write an exciting story, using the following expressions as a frame
or as starters:
One bright morning in April ...
During the night .. .
When I woke up .. .
Hardly .. .
When the detective arrived ...
12
Soon after ...
Under my bed .. .
Not only ...
Later that day ...
In the lift .. .
I'll certainly never forget this experience!
Hun sagde, at hun
She said that she
Hun pastod, hun
She claimed she
Not's placering
sv0mme
swim
venstreorienteret
left-wing
A Oversret f0lgende sretninger:
1. Pigen rabte, at hun ikke ville komme ned fra taget.
2. Hun lovede, at hun ikke ville g0re det igen.
3. Drengene pastod, at de ikke kunne vide, at det var ulovligt.
4. Jim sagde, at forreldrene ikke havde vreret hjemme hele natten.
5. Kaptajnen pastod, at han ikke kunne sejle ud af havnen i det stormvejr.
OBS: Englrenderne er mere logiske end danskerne, nar det drejer sig om placeringen af
nregtelsen i udtryk med haber ikke:
Jeg haber ikke, at hun er d0d =I hope that she is not dead
6. Vi haber ikke, at han bliver vred.
7. Politiet forklarede, at de ikke kunne g0re noget.
8. Jeg haber ikke, at du kommer for sent til (to miss) toget.
9. Jill siger, at hun ikke er sikker pa, at de har ret.
10. Forbryderen Mbede ikke, at han ville blive fanget, f0r han naede grrensen.
11. Han f0lte, at han ikke kunne l0be lrengere, selv om bj0rnen var lige efter ham.
12. Sa rna vi ikke babe, at han svigter OS.
Pigen ril.bte, athunikkevillekornmened
fra taget.
13
OS
OS
Adverbiernes placering I
Smaadverbier
De vigtigste smaadverbier er:
always sometimes ever just rather
often seldom also hardly nearly
usually rarely actually scarcely really
generally never certainly almost soon
De p!aceres:
NB: Am/ is/ are/ was/ were rna ikke skilles fra subjektet:
She said that she was often ill
X 0
Hun sagde, at hun tit var syg
X 0
She complained that she was always tired
X 0
Hun klagede over, at hun altid var trret
X 0
A lndsret adverbiet pa den rigtige plads i sretningen:
1. He makes a fool of himself (always).
2. She fell off the ladder (nearly) .
3. I go to the pictures (hardly ever).
4. The captain knew that he could lose his ship (actually).
5. We shall go to the seaside tomorrow (certainly).
6. Even a teacher makes mistakes (sometimes).
7. The boss arrives at 10 a.m. and leaves before 6 p.m. (generally-rarely).
8. I know that she has been through a rotten time (just).
9. At the police station the man admitted that he had been drunk (soon-probably).
10. They claimed that spaceships had landed on their lawn (often-actually).
11. He said that his wife had understood him (usually-never).
12. On her birthdays he forgot to bring her flowers (seldom).
14
B Oversret folgende sretninger:
1. J eg hilber virkelig, at mine forreldre aldrig kommer hjem.
2. Han troede bestemt, at hans fejltagelse snart ville vrere glemt.
3. Lrerlingen (the apprentice) erklrerede, at han altid havde gjort sit bedste.
4. Hun opdagede aldrig sandheden om sin mands skrebne.
5. Her i familien (In our ... ) ryger vi sjreldent cigaretter.
6. Rektor fortalte ofte drengen, at han virkelig matte tage sig sammen.
7. Mandskabet (the crew) folte sommetider, at de stod ansigt til ansigt med doden.
8. Jeg haber sandelig, at min kone snart vii vende hjem fra sin forretningsrejse.
9. J eg foler tit, at bornene snart vil tage livet af mig (to be the death of me).
10. Min mor siger altid, at min lillebror aldrig er uartig.
11. Haner nresten altid i vanskeligheder.
12. Jeg siger bare, at han snart vil komme i frengsel.
13. Lrererne siger ogsa, at han sjreldent er i skole.
14. Politiet hrevder, at de faktisk har grebet ham pa fersk gerning (in the act).
15. Han har tit lovet, at han aldrig igen ville bega butikstyverier (be guilty of shop-
lifting).
C Write your own short story:
You must use at least 10 of the adverbs at the top of page 14.
Title: A short account of my summer holidays in ...
Adverbiernes placering II
Madesadverbier
Madesadverbier fortreller os noget om verbet:
He walked thoughtfully down the road
The child had opened the door quietly
He shouted angrily at his audience
15
OS
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
B
Indsret madesadverbierne pa den rigtige plads i sretningen:
He lived for another ten years (happily).
The man screamed when he ran down the street (hysterically - quickly).
The general told them to face the situation (courageously) .
The ambulance drove away from the scene of the accident (carefully).
The funeral procession moved through the cemetery (solemnly).
He walked up the hill (quickly) .
He may not be too bright but he can work with his hands (well).
The boy pronounced the word (badly).
She had to lean against his shoulder (hea'-:ily).
Though the manager was impatient,
he answered all questions (calmly) .
She speaks Russian (fluently).
The shop assistant answered when I
asked him where I could find the
spices (curtly-politely).
The girl played the concerto by
Mozart on the clarinet
(beautifully).
Oversret falgende sretninger:
8emrerk: H vis et adverbium bliver langt og klodset pa engelsk, kan du med fordel
opl0se det og lave en prrepositionsforbindelse. Dette grelder altid, nar
adjektivet i forvejen ender pa -ly (f.eks. friendly, silly, lovely).
She said with a smile
You behave in a silly way
1. Drengen vendte sig stolt mod sin mor og sagde: Se,jeg har malet hele mit vrerelse.
2. Forreldrene kiggede bedmvet pa deres clatter, som surmulende (sulkily) sad og stirre-
de ud ad vinduet.
3. Han fors0gte tavst at snige sig forbi soldaterne.
4. Vaserne blev omhyggeligt pakket i kasser.
5. Han greb akavet (awkwardly) pigens hand uden at turde kigge pa hende.
6. Hun hilste venligt pa ham, selvom hun hadede ham inderst inde.
7. Jim serverede smilende sin hjemmebagte kage for sin svigermor.
8. Hun gispede rredselslagen, da hun sa en m0rk skygge uden for vinduet.
9. Moderen kiggede krerligt pa sin nyf0dte s0n.
10. Lrereren spurgte overrasket, om Peter selv havde skrevet den stil (composition).
11. Hun protesterede h0jlydt, da hun sa regningen.
12. Han fortalte bittert historien om sine oplevelser i frengslet.
16
C Oversret folgende sretninger:
(Der er eksempler pa bade smaadverbier og madesadverbier)
Sammenlign sretningerne:
She talked naturally about her husband's death
She naturally talked a lot about the accident
Placeret efter verbet fungerer naturally som et rent madesadverbium (pa en na-
turlig made). Placeret for verbet bliver det til et sretningsadverbium ( = naturligvis)!
En del andre adverbier skifter funktion afhrengig afplacering i sretningen: fx clearly,
simply, wisely.
1. Han forklarede kortfattet problemet for sine folk.
2. Forfatteren beskrev melankolsk sine barndomserindringer.
3. Hun smilede altid lykkeligt ved tanken om deres lille hemmelighed.
4. Han rejste sig modigt op for at m0de sin vrerste fjende.
5. Drengen svarede sjreldent pa de sp0rgsmal, lrererne stillede.
6. Lenin blev smuglet ind i Rusland i hemmelighed (secretly) i 1917.
7. Jeg burde nok have svaret ham mere spontant.
8. Den tykke dreng accepterede godmodigt kammeraternes drilleri.
9. Drengene undlod (to refrain from) klogt at svare pa politibetjentens sp0rgsmal.
10. Protestanterne i Nordirland pastar sommetider bittert, at de bliver svigtet afreger-
ingen i London.
Adverbiernes placering III
Lrengere adverbielle udtryk
Lrengere udtryk placeres bedst:
51) I }f! t; t'(' "111 i1tt' t'-,c h :' :1':' inT6lf'f1, lY:tl'l kft
-_h) .l'f't-ll:rnt;c-t J;-rtt")( .. 111 fhB
?iT\ Ti::-11 t't'.4l!dhlD;
ikk:- 'f)1:tctVf' fl c11.'f'Tb1i'h ntlt:ry.lz ;-"i, f!i'fYUC\Tr\i'ih<ll'hJ f'l;.t ll :con,
1w. it, C\11i', t'LC.Jt'\f;-,'f'Tb:t.llf'f'lf't)
1
Niwn i'tYd:,; l'll' T(ltWTnnf: th2 'h('it,-, s.iw -f:ri<Jt:-tl

A Indsret de adverbielle udtryk pa den rigtige plads i sretningen:
1. When he caught sight of her in the yard, he whistled shrilly (a moment later).
2. We regret to inform you that we cannot help you today (due to a shortage of staff).
3. If you want to return the books, you are welcome to do so (for some reason).
4. When he returned to his desk, somebody had removed all his papers (after lunch).
5. The salesman tried to talk me into buying a new car (for hours on end).
17
OS
OS
B Indsret adverbiet pa den rigtige plads i sretningerne:
(Der er eksempler pa smaadverbier/ madesadverbier/ lange adverbier)
1. She makes a nuisance of herself (often).
2. If you cannot come, please phone me (for some reason).
3. I advised him to face the situation (courageously).
4. When the doctor returned, the patient had left (a few minutes later).
5. My stepfather has been very kind to me (always).
6. The match would have been won if ... (never).
7. The match would have been won if ... (easily).
8. The car had stopped when the policemen jumped out (hardly).
9. After the operation he lived for another 2 years (intensely).
10. She said that her husband was out of town on business (frequently).
11. She asked him if he would give her a new hat (imploringly-ever).
C Oversret folgende sretninger:
(Der er eksempler pa aile tre typer adverbier)
1. Hun har sandsynligvis, siden vi sa hende sidst, k0bt en ny og bedre bil.
2. Da vi sidste efterar var pa ferie i Tyskland, bmd bilen sammen.
3. Hvis jeg af en eller anden grund kommer for sent, skal du ikke blive nerv0s.
4. S0nnen lovede h0jtideligt, at han, nar han havde vundet prinsessen og det halve
kongerige, ville skrive et postkort hjem.
5. Da sosteren 40 ar senere vendte hjem, var broderen dod.
6. Journalisten rejste ofte til Spanien. Dahan en lummer (sultry) eftermiddag sidste
ar ankom til Madrids lufthavn med flyveren fra Kobenhavn, blev han imidlertid
virkelig overrasket over varmen.
7. Lastbilchaufforen sag de, at han lrengere he nne ad vejenhavde set noget, der faktisk
havde lignet en love.
8. Han matte uvilligt indromme, at han 2 ar tidligere havde siddet i famgsel.
9. Man siger, at slagteren ofte er dyrere end supermarkedet, men unders0gelser (sur-
veys) viser faktisk, at det sjreldent er tilfreldet.
10. Drengene lyttede opmrerksomt, mens bandelederen ivrigt gav sine ordrer.
11. Vidnet ville kun modvilligt fortrelle, hvad hun havde set om natten.
12. N aboen havde tit sagt, at han aldrig ville lane mig sin elektriske plreneklipper. Han
troede tydeligvis, at jeg hurtigt ville odelregge den.
13. Hun vidste, at der blandt gresterne var en morder- men hvem?
18
S0nnen lovede h0jtideligt, at han, nar han hav-
de vundet prinsessen og det halve kongerige, vil-
le skrive et postkort hjem.
Kongruens
Overensstemmelse mellem subjekt og verballed
Et subjekt kan sta i 1. person
Et subjekt kan sta i 2. person:
Et subjekt kan sta i 3. person:
SUBJEKT
ENTAL
I
VERBALLED
barks
FLERTAL
we
you
they, the boys
two girls
the dof:s . hats
people
3. person
ental
{
the dog
she
John
everybody
smiles }
goes
wishes
3. person ental
nutid
ALTSA: Verber tilf0jer -(e)s i ental (3. person nutid)
Substantiver tilf0jer -(e)s i flertal (three boys)
Du rna derfor aldrig tilf0je -(e)s bade til subjekt og til verballed!
A(l) Vrelg den korrekte form af verbet i parentesen:
1. We all (know/ knows) how to spell the word beautiful.
2. Many girls (is/ are) not interested in soccer.
3. My old mother still (live/ lives) in Vej le.
4. He (don't/ doesn' t) know which answer (is/ are) correct.
5. You (don't/ doesn't) know what you are talking about.
6. I often (say/ says) something that I (don't/doesn't) mean.
7. The Johnsons next door (is/ are) noisy people.
8. (Is/ are) the zebra black with white stripes or white with black stripes?
9. The teacher, not his pupils, (was/ were) absent.
10. Did you say that you (were/ was) interested in coming along?
11. My children (loves/ love) going to school.
12. Her husband (is/ are) quite often on the run from the police.
13. The worrien in the village (work/ works) in the fields all day.
14. You (was/ were) fast asleep, (wasn't/weren't) you?
15. Milk (is/ are) healthy for most people, (isn' t / aren' t) it?
16. Smoking (is/ are) not allowed in the museum.
K
19
K
A(2) V relg den korrekte form af verbet i parentesen:
1. There (is/ are) too many children in this class.
2. Everybody (is/ are) now present.
3, Anyone fjs) are) abJe to te]J you the right answer.
4. There (is/ are) some truth in what you (say/ says) .
5. There (wasn't/ weren't) anybody in t he house.
6. Something (tell/ tells) me that everybody (has/ have) left.
7. Everybody (knows/ know) that women (is/ are) superior to men.
8. What (do/ does) the expression anything (go/ goes) mean?
9. Nobody (knows/ know) the trouble I (have/ has) seen.
10. (Does/ do) everybody know where we (are/is) going to meet this afternoon?
11. Buying heroin (has/ have) become far too easy in big cities.
B V relg den korrekte form af verbet i parentesen:
1. People (have/ has) generally grown taller since the Middle Ages.
2. Where (is/ are) the money you gave me?
3. Somebody somewhere (has/ have) said that no news (is/ are) good news.
4. My dad (make/ makes) bicycles that (run/ runs) forever.
5. I met some ghosts who (was/ were) very kind and helpful.
6. There (was/ were) many people on the beach.
7. The news (was/ were) terrifying.
8. The people who (buy/ buys) Christmas presents now (is/ are) silly.
20
9. The furniture (was/ were) thrown out of the window.
10. Most of the money (was/ were) spent on wine and women.
11. Everybody (keep/keeps) telling me to study harder.
12. All the people that (was/ were) present (was/ were) merely onlookers.
13. All the information he could offer (was/were) of no use.
14. The police (believe/ believes) that the man has gone into hiding.
Normalt skyldes fejl i kongruens manglende omtanke, men i den felgende evelse
skal du arbejde med eksempler, hvor du skal trenke dig om!
C V relg den mest korrekte form af verbet i parentesen og begrund!
1. The herd (was/ were) running in all directions.
2. A number of passengers (was/ were) hurt in the accident.
3. My granddad, who (is/ are) now dead, (was/ were) quite a famous general.
4. The Liverpool team (has/ have) won the Cup once again.
5. The Government (have/ has) done everything possible.
6. The Government (was/ were) discussing the issue throughout the night.
7. I visited Madame Tussaud's, which (is/ are) fascinating but indeed expensive!
8. Some (love/loves) dogs, but nobody (love/loves) frogs.
9. A lot of children (was/were) evacuated from London during the war.
10. A lot of sand (was/ were) brought by lorry.
11. Where (is/ are) all the milk? Well, some (was/ were) spilt and I drank the rest.
12. The Tower of London and St. Paul's Cathedral (is/ are) the most impressive places
to visit in London. A lot of tourists (visit/visits) them every year.
13. The news of the recent disaster (has/ have) been a shock to most people.
14. The castle (is/ are) haunted by ghosts, or so people (say/ says).
15. Some of the money (was/ were) lost because of bad planning, some (was/ were) lost
because of bad management.
16. All the sights in London which (is/ are) worth seeing (is/ are) included in the tour.
17. The Sad Sisters (is/ are) a strange film.
21
K
VT
V erbets tider
had lived has lived lived lives will live
F0RDATID F0RNUTID DATID NUTID FREMTID
Tiderne bruges stort set som pa dansk og voider derfor sjreldent problemer:
NUTID bruges om noget, der sker, ger sig greldende nu eller altid:
DATID
F0RNUTID
F0RDATID
FREMTID
A Oversret:
He has a cold
They have beautiful mountains in Switzerland
bruges om noget, der skete engang i fortiden, uden for-
bindelse med nutiden:
The fire broke out in the basement
bruges om noget, der er sket i fortiden, men som stadig
har gyldighed i nutiden:
Who has written this rubbish on the blackboard?
bruges om no get, der var sket fer no get andet skete ( ses i
forhold til datid):
I had forgotten all about him until I met him yesterday
bruges om noget, der vii ske i fremtiden:
The President will give a press conference tomorrow
1. Hun gjorde altid, hvad manden sagde.
2. Soldaten horte sergenten rabe og vidste, hvad han skulle gore.
3. Han ville ikke have protesteret, hvis politibetjenten ikke havde provokeret ham.
4. J eg havde kobt en lejlighed i London, men da jeg ankom til by en, fandt jeg ud af, at
srelgeren havde snydt mig.
5. Hun horte en lyd bag sig og folte, at der hele dagen havde vreret nogen, der fulgte ef-
ter hende.
6. De onskede at flytte til et storre hus. De havde faet 5 born mere, og det var lrenge si-
den, at der havde vreret plads til dem all e. Men de vidste ikke, hvor de skulle fa pen-
gene fra.
7. Jeg har vreret oppe hele natten, sa jeg er meget sovnig.
8. J eg har engang boet i Australien, men deter sa lrenge siden, at jeg ikke k ~ ; t n huske
det.
9. Hvornar har du kobt den rredselsfulde kjole?
10. Du kommer for sent! Klokken har ringet for 10 minutter siden.
22
A
Fremtid 1
Oversret:
M0det skal starte kl. 9.30.
Jeg skal have en lille, fortalte hun ham.
Han skulle aldrig se sine b0rn igen.
J eg skulle lige til at lase d0ren, da der l0d et skrig.
H vad skal vi have til frokost?
De var pa nippet til at opgive alt hab.
Du skal komme til at fortryde de ord.
Vi skal ud at spise i aften.
If0lge planen skal vi flyve hele vejen til Dublin, hvor vi sa skalleje en bil.
Hvad vii du have at drikke?
Vi skal rejse til Skotland i morgen.
Prresidenten skal m0des med sine radgivere i morgen.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. De var lige ved at abne ild, da de opdagede, at det ikke var fjenden, der angreb.
Be careful with your English:
A Frenchman was bathing in the Thames. Suddenly he b e c a ~ e frightened and shouted,
Help, Help! I will drown, and nobody shall help me!
The onlookers were surprised and one of them shouted, Do you really want to die, or shall
we help you?
Pas pa oversrettelsen af skal/skulle og vii/ville : Se under hjrelpeverber s. 28.
23
VT
VT
Fremtid 2
J eg kommer i morgen = I shall come tomorrow
J eg siger ikke noget = I shan't say anything
_._. ___::..:,:__ --=:.._::...s--:..._-;-_.: _-_ ... .:_,_.
s_ __ :_J..:....: '- __ _.;_ .._,1_:__c'" __
: :;_ '_f._c
. . ' .
A Oversret:
1. Renter du dine forreldre ved stationen i morgen?
2. Han taler i morgen ved konferencen.
3. Jeg tror, jeg falder i s0vn under det foredrag.
4. Min far sover om dagen og arbejder om natten.
5. Hun bliver glad for at se dig.
6. Datteren ringer til sin ven hver dag, sa forreldrene haber, at de snart gifter sig.
7. Jeg er sikker pa, at han er her om en time.
B Oversret:
1. Vi vinder jo aldrig denne kamp.
2. Vi kan ikke vide det, f0r kampen er forbi .
3. Hvis I l0ber ind pa fodboldbanen, f0r kampen er frerdig, smider dommerenjer ud.
4. Toget k0rer kl. 11.00.
5. J eg lover dig, at jeg ikke g01 det.
6. Jeg rna tale med dig, f0r min mand kommer hjem.
7. Hvad sker der i morgen, hvis vi gar i strejke?
8. Hvornar rejser du til London?
9. Hvor mange kommer der til din f0dselsdag pa s0ndag?
10. Vi plaffer ham ned, sa snart han trreder ind ad d0ren.
11. Jeg ringer ikke til hende, f0r hun har sagt undskyld.
12. Buschauff0rerne strejker sikkert, nar vi kommer til London.
13. Hvis vi tjener penge nok, k0ber viet slot i Spanien om et par ar.
24
Hjrelpeverber
I to be/ to have/ to do
1) FORM:
Hjrelpeverberne be/ have/ do har aile 4 hovedformer:
navnemade (to) be (to) have
nutid (he) is (he) has
datid (he) was (he) had
kort tillregsform (he has) been (he has) had
2) BRUG:
De 3 hjrelpeverber bruges som hjrelp til at danne:
passiv BE + kort tillregsform:
udvidet tid BE
+
ing-form:
fernutid HAVE + kort tillregsform:
ferdatid
do-omskrivning DO + infintitiv
NB: Kort tillregsform af to happen staves h a p p e n ~ !
(to) do
(he) does
(he) did
(he has) done
he is killed
he is working
he has worked
he had worked
did he work?
I've met all sorts of worms in my life, but this one beats them all!
HV
25
HV
A Streg det forkerte hjrelpeverbum i parentesen:
l . 'We \'have) are) just return eo hom A.'ii1ca.
2. It (had/ was) never happened before.
3. My school bag (has/is) disappeared.
4. They (have/ are) never at home in the evenings.
5. My daughter (has/is) gone to Israel to work in a kibbutz.
6. John (had/ was) been accused of espionage during the war .
7. Nuclear power (has/is) a dangerous source of energy.
8. My friend (had/ was) gone to bed when I called him.
9. Many trees in German forests (have/ are) died because of air pollution.
10. 20 soldiers (had/ were) been shot during the attack.
11. Peter (had/ was) very unhappy because hjs dog (had/ was) djsappeared.
12. The thieves (did/ bad) not find anything worth stealing.
13. He (did/ had) not know what (had/ was) happened.
14. All classes (had/ were) been cancelled because of the bomb scare.
15. The witness (was/ had) died under suspicious circumstances.
1) FORM:
II can/ may / must/ will/ shall/ ought to
Modalverber
r. -I ---:j .. -- ''l -,_- I ' ', . . I I I - - I- . - - -".. - ' - :
r er:oJ'l;llibifl r:8};m;,_ryyir:m
II'- 1' I !_ ,.1 ' . - _ . , ' _ _ - :- - --- '"' - '" - I '
. , ... \ . . .. .
cm_tt\:41..: .c{::w . . _
. ; . , .. . ;..: \

, 1-.Th .. :m -
_ , !i111\'l1XDTflift.h0 . Jl)i\ :l\UJ!
'J{c}:h::' JoJ- zi1-;'YD'). t;l'!Iti}il ' '
ko
1
b? :crif(bi C'D:i1-'l!) ih0
rn:l:!..<t/h:tt1 ii(c) .
f: };i1 fu::"v:ti '1ym1
. !i;p) i('ti;M) lie)
- . . Jbt' .. . !i:o)
-.. - -
A Oversret - pas nu pa at bruge den rigtige FORM af modalverbet:
1. Du skulle ikke bruge (to spend) alle dine penge pa film og plader.
2. Mine forreldre sagde, at jeg gerne matte holde fest, mens de var pa ferie.
3. Efter den affrere har John aldrig villet gifte sig.
4. Direkt0ren har mattet sende resten af arbejderne hjem pa grund af strejken.
5. Hvis jeg havde kunnet finde adressen, ville jeg have skrevet til dig.
6 Mr. Close har aldrig villet snakke med sine naboer.
7. Han har mattet srelge sin bil.
26
Eleverne vil ikke kunne forsta problemet, hvis du ikke hjrelper dem.
Min bror har altid villet gaud at fiske alene, men har aldrig mattet for vores forrel-
dre.
_o. J eg har ikke mattet lane bilen, lige siden jeg lavede en bule i skrermen (to dent the
mudguard) .
2 BETYDNING af CAN/ MAY / MUST:
Problemet med disse 3 verber er, at de ofte kan erstatte hinanden i tilsyneladende pa-
rallelle sretninger, men da altid med nuanceforskelle (mere eller mindre h0fligt, etc.) :
Can I have another cup of tea, please? (dagligdags, uden omsv0b)
May I have another cup of tea, please? (h0fligt)
Could I have another cup of tea, please? (lidt h0fligere)
You must not play in the street (kraftigt for bud)
You may not see the late night film on TV! (mindre kraftigt for bud/ afslag pa fore-
sp0rgsel)
B(l) Oversret folgende sretninger:
1. Jeg ved, at du kan klatre op i telefonmasten, men du rna ikke.
2. Du rna arbejde hardere, hvis du 0nsker at besta eksamen.
3. Ma jeg ga i biografen?
4. Italien rna da vinde mesterskabet med det fantastiske hold.
5. Man kan godt fare vild i Lake Distrikt, hvis man ikke passer pa.
6. Skal du af sted sa tidligt (soon)?
7. Han kunne ikke na til Brighton i tide.
8. Han gar maske ikke i skole lrengere.
9. Kan jeg lane bilen i aften?
10. Det rna have vreret en stor hval, der kunne sluge Jonas.
11. Det ville maske vrere klogere at tage paraply med.
12. Du siger, at bygningen derovre maske er Parlamentet, men vores lrerer siger, at det
rna vrere Royal Festival Hall. Det kan ikke vrere begge dele.
27
HV
HV
3) Oversrettelse af SKAL/ SKULLE og VIL/ VILLE:
SKAL/ SKULLE:
VIL/ VILLE:
B(2) Oversret:
1. Din mor siger, at du skal g0re rent pa voorelset.
2. Jeg vil ikke have, at du kommer i aften.
3. Han skulle g0re det pa den made, hvis han ville
l0se problemet, sagde faderen.
4. Han er specialist, sa han skulle vide det.
5. Vil du have te eller kaffe?
6. J a tak, jeg vil gerne have en bolle mere.
7. Du skulle ikke gaud, nar du stadig er syg.
8. Vil du virkelig bruge dine penge til det pjat?
9. Bare du ville lytte til din mor.
10. Du skal ikke kritisere hende, hvis du ikke kan
g0re det bedre selv.
28
Verb form
YERB FORM behandler 3 former for sammensatte verber pa de folgende
sider:
1.
2.
3.
4.
HJJELPEVERBUM
have
do
can
may
must
shall
will
ought to
+ HOVEDVERBUM
+ kort tillregsform:
+ navnemade
}+ navnemiide
he has worked
he had worked
did he work?
he did not work
you must
remember this.
A Indsret de rigtige former af verberne i parenteserne:
1. The local police would ... .. to call in Scotland Yard (to have) .
2. He could not find her because she had 0000 in the grass (to hide).
3. Did you 00000000 to the concert last night? (to go).
4. Susan had not 00000000 to return the books to the library (to remember).
5. They asked me what had oooooooo (to happen).
6. Something might still 00 00 00 00 though she did not oooo much hope (happen-ha e).
7. You must 0000000 heard the explosion last night? (to have).
8. Have you 0000000 any news about the hijacking? (to hear).
9. They might as well have 0000 killed in the accident (to be).
10. Did you 000 00 00 00 0 that he was 000000000 by a horse last night (to know-to kick).
11. When she awoke she was surprised that she could have oooooo at all after the shock.irr=
news (to sleep).
12. Would he 00000000 0 anything in the morning? (to remember).
13. Have you 00000000 your parents that you didn't 0000000 to school yesterday? (to tell-tocro .
14. How could you 000000 anything when you were unconscious? (feel).
15. He would 000000 to brush his teeth before he left (to have) .
16. She didn't 0000000 any pain (to feel).
VF
DO-omskrivning 1: not-sretninger
Lres falgende eksempler:
a) I cannot fly as fast as you can
b) You don't work half as hard as I do
c) I never said anything of the kind
d) She didn't do her exercises
}
I hvilke sretninger er
der do-omskrivning?
NB: + do-omskrivning i sretninger med never:
He never knows the answers
A Lav falgende sretninger om til nregtende sretninger:
1. Red Indians live in India.
2. They have been treated well by the white man.
3. When the immigrants landed, they let the Indians keep their land.
4. The Red Indians would sell their land.
5. The white man took all the land by force.
6. The Indians won many of the battles during the Indian Wars.
7. The Indians started the massacre at Wounded Knee.
8. Wounded Knee is the bloodiest battle in history.
9. General Custer behaved gentlemanly towards the Indians.
10. This battle will be forgotten soon.
11. Today the young Indians want to forget the past.
12. The Bureau of Indian Affairs tries to help the Indians.
13. Many young Indians want to move back to the reservations.
Bemrerk de almindelige sammentrrekninger med NOT:
don't haven't aren't can't won't (=will n o t ~
doesn' t hasn't isn't couldn't wouldn't
didn't hadn't wasn' t mustn't shan't ( = shall not)
weren't mightn't shouldn't
OBS: Sammentrrekninger bar kun bruges i direkte tale:
He said, I won't come =He said that he would not come.
30
DO-omskrivning 2: sporgende sretninger
res f0lgende sretninger. Find ud af, i hvilke sretninger der er brugt do-omskrivning:
~ Did you see the film on TV? e) What film did they show last night?
/:,. 0 X
Do you often watch TV? f) Who thought it was a good film?
X 0
" Have you paid your TV licence? g) How many of your classmates saw it?
Must you watch TV night and day?
X 0
A Write down 10 questions and ask one of your classmates to answer
them:
(Ask about anything: home, brothers and sisters, hobbies, likes and dislikes, etc.).
B( 1) Overs ret falgende sretninger:
1. Regnede det meget i jeres ferie?
2. Har du fortalt dine forceldre om dine problemer?
3. Kender du adressen?
4. Hvor gammel er dine soskende?
5. Hvorfor drikker Jeppe?
6. Er du god til fransk?
7. Star han op hver dag kl. 5?
8. Hvem fortalte dig om ulykken?
9. Forstar du sporgsma.Iet?
10. Hvor mange mennesker stemte paden nye kandidat?
11. Bor jeg ogsa komme til modet?
12. Ma jeg lane bilen i aften?
B(2) Oversret den falgende episode:
Politiundersagelse
Hvad hedder De? Hvor borDe? Hvad bestiller De? Er De gift? Hvor mange born har De?
Korer De ofte pa cykel (to ride a bike) uden lygte? ... Ah, kun om natten! Ved De ikke, at
deter forbudt? ... H vad sagde De? H vern har sagt, at en prcest gerne rna kore uden hcender
(without holding on to the handlebars)? Kender De ikke fcerdselsreglerne (traffic regula-
tions)? Hva'be'ha'r? (I beg your pardon)? ... Er Vorherre Deres skytsengel? Hvor er han
nu? Pa stangen (the cross-bar)?! Er De ikke klar over, at deter ulovligt? Ved De ikke, at 2
voksne pa en cykel er strengt forbudt!?
31
VF
VF
Udvidet tid/simpel tid?
UDVIDETTID SIMPELTID
J. , . _ ,. .,,:-l
, : Jt<:LJ .r. 0e1' ""':"' c'r,;)t:'l
. - . . . . ... . - :'
32
,_. - - ... - . l .. . ... ... . - .
What are you doing?
I am writing a letter
Look, it is raining now
He was running down the street
with a fierce dog at his heels
The last time I saw him, my uncle
was dying
He walks down that street every
mornmg
The sun sets in the west
Did you listen to the news this mor-
ning?
He ran after the thief but he
couldn' t catch him
My uncle died last year
I
_.: .\-, [' L -" i :'..} ;..-.,-l,
: ___
Mrs Smith was working at her desk
while her husband was cooking
'
He woke up and got out of bed.
Then he dressed and fell down the
stairs
t';;, :t
1
,r't 1 ' .. T"t', '' ..
( : -
[\c'" ,C C 1 t ._ .::'\1 ...

.'< . (', , 'I , !._.,' 1, , ._"'-
The man was watching TV when the light suddenly went out
While they were crossing the lake, a storm broke out
Lav sretninger til folgende illustrationer:
1
2
3
A(2) Streg den forkerte form af verbet ud:
1. He (enjoyed/ was enjoying) a quiet meal when his wife turned up.
2. She (washes/is washing) her hair twice a week.
3. Alex Smith (worked/ was working) in the garden while his son (painted/ was paint-
ing) the woodwork.
4. Whenever I (see/am seeing) that film, it (cheers/is cheering) me up.
5. Have you (heard/ been hearing) the news?
6. Sorry! I haven't the time. I (am trying/ try) to think of something.
7. Believe it or not, she (washes/ is washing) her hair for the third time this week!
8. Usually we (get/ are getting) up at 6 o'clock in the morning.
9. Their son (slept/was sleeping) when they called even though it was late.
10. When we woke up, the birds (sang/ were singing)and the sun (shone/ was shining).
11. The au pair girl (watched/ was watching) carefully while the children (played/ were
playing) near the lake.
12. The last time I saw him he (chased/ was chasing) a girl on the beach.
-13. Come right in. I Uust watch/ am just watching) television; I (don't do/ am not doing)
anything important.
33
VF
-
VF
B Oversret folgende sretninger:
Bemrerk: Dansk har ogsa en slags udvidet tid:
V cere ved at .. ./vcere i fcerd med at .. ./ga og (feje) .. ./ligge og .. ./sidde og ..
Han er ved at strikke en sweater = He is knitting a sweater
Han sidder og lceser = He is/ sits reading
Han sad og sa fjernsyn kan overscettes pa to mader:
He sat watching TV
He was watching TV
men ikke: He watching TV
1. Han sad og ltEste lektier, da det bankede pa d0Ten.
2. Joan kunne h0re naboens hund, der g0ede hele natten.
3. Da drengen kom ned til stranden, sa han, at forceldrene var ude at SV0mme.
4. Om fredagen bes0ger jeg normalt mine forceldre, sam bor ude pa landet.
5. Arbejderne sad og diskuterede deres nye chef.
6. Papeg0jen flgj rundt i stuen, mens katten 18 pa l ur (to lie in wait) bag sofaen.
7. Mens vi k0rte paMl, standsede trafikkenpludselig. Vifandt ud af, atdetvar, fordi
de reparerede vejen.
8. Han var ved at male vinduerne, da han faldt ned af stigen.
9. Gcessene gik og grcessede pa den gr0nne mark.
f(J. Kun s.Krev mange ciigte, mens fiun var ung.
11. Hvorfor kalder du pa mig? Du kan da se, at jeg er ved at skifte batterier pa mit ur.
G1:essene gik og gr1:essede pa den gronne mark.
B(2) Streg den forkerte form af verbet ud:
Paul (was needing/ needed) advice and money all the time. Therefore he often (went/ was
going) to see his elder brother. The latter had just (been moving/ moved) into a friend' s
house where he (stayed/ was staying) now. Paul's new car (drew/ was drawing) up outside
the house, and he (got/was getting) out when he thought he heard a strange sound from the
engine. For a moment he (stood/ was standing) listening on the pavement. He wondered if
he (was stopping/ had stopped) outside the right house. Outside the house next door a man
(was mowing/ mowed) his lawn while his son (was mending/ mended) the roof. Paul
(talked/ was talking) to the man when the door suddenly (was being opened/ was opened) .
His brother had (heard/ been hearing) his voice, and now he (asked/ was asking) him to
come right in. A nice smell (came/ was coming) from the kitchen where his wife (cooked/
was cooking) dinner.
34
C Oversret folgende sretninger:
Pas pa de 3 verber to lie/ to sit/to stand, hvor
SIMPEL TID udtrykker handling/ rendring
UDVIDET TID beskriver en tilstand
He lay down = han lagde sig ned
He was lying down = han la ned
BEMJERK, at vi ofte finder udvidet tid i forbindelse med always/ constantly I
forever, hvor det sa antyder irritation:
Oh, I'm always forgetting people's names
My wife is forever losing her keys
1. Hun lagde signed pa sengen og grred.
2. Vand koger ved 100 celcius.
3. Solen varved at ga ned bag bjerget, og Al var i frerd med at lave sin aftensmad, da
stilheden blev brudt af et h0jt br0l.
4. Hvorfor tager du din frakke pa? Deter ikke koldt udenfor.
5. Tror du virkelig pa alt, hvad der star i avisen?
6. Roman en handler om en dreng, der finder en fugl, som han trrener hver dag. Til slut
drreber storebroderen imidlertid fuglen.
7. Hvem ejer den gamle cykel, som har staet uden for vores hus i 3 maneder?
8. Hej med dig! Vi snakkede netop om dig forleden dag. H vordan gar det? Arbejder du
stadig hos Jones? Sa vidt jeg husker, var du ved at lede efter et andet job.
9. J eg gik ned pa gad en for at se, hvad politiet lavede. Der havde abenbart vreret etind-
brud, og de var i gang med at udsp0rge vidnerne.
10. Han sad og kiggede ud ad vinduet, da han fik 0je paden flyvende tallerken.
11. Da vi ankom til stationen, stod mine forreldre og ventede pa mig.
12. William taler altid om piger, men sa snart han m0der en, stikker han af.
13. Dajeg stod og kiggede pa dine plader, sajeg, at du havde den sidste med The Snoo-
kers. Ma jeg lane den?
14. Den 95-arige mand er meldt savnet (is missing). Den sidste gang, han blev set, bar
han lange underbukser og slips.
15. F0rst klippede han hrekken, sa slog han grresplrenen og lugede bedet- og sa var han
ellers t0rstig!
35
VF
VF
The dog bit Peter in the leg
(aktiv)
Passiv
The dog was bitten by Peter
(passiv)
Deter bestemt ikke ligegyldigt, tamkte hunden, om verbet star i aktiv eller passiv!
A(l) Udfyld nu felgende bejningsskema: Dansk
Nutid
Datid
F0rnutid
He is beaten }
He is being beaten
He was beaten }
He was being beaten
He has been beaten
F0rdatid He had been beaten
Fremtid He will be beaten
Haner (blevet) slaet (OBS!)
OBS! Pa dansk udelader vi ofte blevet i fernutid og ferdatid. Denne
korte form snyder tit i oversrettelser:
Haner (blevet) sat i frengsel =He has been taken to prison
Han bliver sat i frengsel =He is taken to prison (simpel tid)
=He is being taken to prison (udvidet tid)
A(2) Indsret verbet i parentesen i den rigtige form (aktiv eller passiv):
1. The butter must .... .. in the fridge (to keep).
2. The boys had ...... the windows (to break).
3. All my money had .... .. on the boat (to steal).
4. Macbeth ...... by Shakespeare 400 years ago (to write).
5. A big dog ...... our child the other day (to bite).
6. Fortunately nobody ...... in the accident (to kill).
7. Hysterical fans ...... the pop star (to surround).
8. The children would ...... to a children's home for a month during the trial (to send).
9. Each year thousands of baby seals .. .... by professional hunters (to slaughter).
10. The German forests ...... by pollution before our very eyes (to destroy).
36
B lndsret den rigtige prreposition:
1. The toy was made .... .. plastic, not rubber.
2. The pyramids were made ... ... the Egyptians.
3. This chair is designed ...... the famous indoor architect .
.!. A cloud consists ...... very small drops of water.
5. The ring was made ...... silver ... ... the jeweller.
6. The prisoner was seen ...... many people on the scene of the crime.
7. The garden was surrounded ... ... a hedge.
8. The girl was run over ... ... a lorry.
C Oversret:
BEMJERK f0lgende verber, der pa dansk ligner passiver (de sakaldte
reciprokke verber):
at m0des
at skilles
at skrendes
at slas
to meet
to part
to quarrel
to fight
1. Huset var blevet bygget af en bemmt arkitekt.
2. Huset blev 0delagt af nogle drenge efter krigen.
3. Drengene m0dtes uden for huset l0rdag eftermiddag.
4. D0rene blev taget af med det samme.
5. Da Mike kom, var trappegelrenderet (the bannister) savet igennem.
6. De elektriske ledninger er klippet over, meddelte Trevor.
7. Alt ville blive brrendt, selv pengesedlerne (the bank notes).
8. Drengene ville blive glade, hvis pengesedlerne blev delt ud imellem dem.
9. Pludselig h0res Mikes fl0jt fra haven.
10. Trevor bliver chokeret over (at) Old Miserys ankomst, og drengene er lige ved at
komme op at slas.
11. H vis I vil vide, hvordan problemet l0ses afTrevor, rna I lrese Greenes The Destruc-
tors.
37
VF
VP
Tricky verb patterns I
A(l) Oversret:
1. Det lykkedes for hende at fa sin eksamen.
2. Hvis I g0r det pa denne made, vil det sikkert lykkes.
3. Der er aldrig noget, der lykkes for ham.
4. Det lykkedes mig at overtale (to persuade) ham.
5. Han fors0gte at drille sin s0ster, og det lykkedes ham nresten for godt.
6. Det lykkedes ikke drengene at finde tyven.
7. Det lykkedes for dem at sv0mme over den engelske kanal.
8. Hvis det ikke lykkes i f0rste fors0g, sa pmv igen.
OBS: Undvigeman0vrer kan vrere n0dvendige:
Fors0get lykkedes = The experiment was a success
Tricky verb patterns II
38
_ 2) Oversret:
Kan du ikke fa ham til at holde mund?
Hun fortalte, at hun havde set et sp0gelse.
Det eneste, vidnet kunne fortrelle, var, at han havde set en revolver.
Moderen fortalte, at hun havde frygtet, hvad der kunne ske.
De fik fangerne selv til at srette pigtrad (barbed wire) pa murene.
Rektor mindede om, at eksamen ville starte den f0lgende uge.
Min mor fortalte, at hun havde set drreberbierne i Sydamerika.
Lrereren kunne ikke fa eleverne til at lrese lektier.
9. Jeg fik ham til at udlevere aile pengene, men pistolen gjorde det ogsa klart, atjeg
mente det alvorligt.
10. Manden fortalte, at han havde set en UFO pa vej hjem fra fusten.
Tricky verb patterns III
I t\ I' ;\T ... - lo lh5li .. ,
.1:';-, fM!,I:tl't'ri:' h:11n, h.111 ::-;l;_ldl:' clcf'_j:' til l;t'lli'>il't'
I :';,f1!:1t,1:''1 Tli ium t i1:1i iv ::-;h,ltild i m11 l:'Ci
'
1
\T Nl!C:El'-1, AT' ... = to "'Ttsst'"'i. [l.o somf'11t1Cly) ....
fni':'iiln:-; lwnclt\ :1i d:' :'lkttll:' ko}w hns:'i.!Y\t'rl clf't .sf\m.nlf' =
}-If' ALig,;:,'>i:'cl in il:'T i.h:1i r-twy .shoultllm_v t.11:' hon.s:' nt mwf'
('<Yf'l)tYi!llgil:
Cn,':':c;ln;; t)A :li gc1i':' cl:'i nn = 1-'1:' t.h.'li \Vf' ;:;htmlcl clo it 11tYW
A(3) Oversret:
1. Kan du forklare mig, hvorfor dette er vigtigt?
2. Hun pmvede at forklare sine forreldre, at de skulle give hende billetten til USA.
3. Han foreslog mig at dele (to split) udgifterne.
4. Jeg kan nreppe foresla ham det uden at g0re ham vred.
5. Du kan jo pmve at forklare politiet, hvad du laver i min butik.
6. Konen foreslog ham, at han beholdt b0rnene, for hun 0nskede at vrere en fri kvinde.
Tricky verb patterns IV
Visse verber kan ikke folges af that-sretninger
39
VP
VP
A(4) Oversret:
1. Undskyld, at jeg noovner det, men det var din skyld (fault) .
2. Hun onskede bare, at de gik med det samme.
3. Butleren fortalte, at han havde set et spogelse i goostevoorelset.
4. Kan du foresla mig, hvad jeg skal gore?
5. 0nsker du virkelig, at din datter slutter sig til (to join) Moonsekten?
6. Ulykken bevirkede, at fabrikken indforte nye regler.
7. I rna undskylde, at mine born laver sa meget larm- normalt er de ganske stille.
8. Han onskede absolut, at turen til Tyskland blev en succes.
9. Tiden tillader ikke, atjeg gar i dybden med dette sporgsmal (to go into depth).
Tricky verb patterns V
Visse verber skal fedges af ing-form
DANSK: Hun valgte at ga
ENGELSK: She chose to leave
DANSK: Han nod at svomme
ENGELSK: He enjoyed swimming
(verbum+ infinitiv)
(verbum+ infinitiv)
(verbum+ infinitiv)
(verbum+ ing-form)
Intet problem!
PAS PAl
De fleste verber opforer sig ens pa dansk og engelsk, hvis de folges af et andet verbum. Mer:.
en rookke almindelige verber skal pa engelsk folges af ING-FORM. Loor dem!
A(5) Vrelg den korrekte form af verbet i parentesen:
1. Do you mind (to close/ closing) the window?
2. He forgot (to buy/ buying) Christmas presents that year.
40
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
We enjoyed (to see/ seeing) you last night.
The youngsters denied (to know/ knowing) anything about the burglary.
The children absolutely refused (to help/ helping) in the garden.
It has stopped (to rain/ raining) .
He stopped the car (to light/ lighting) a cigarette.
Is it really worth (to do/ doing) one's homework every day?
I can't help (to wonder/ wondering) what happened to him.
She likes (to watch/ watching) horror movies on TV.
The history teacher disliked (to talk/ talking) about politics.
Jill really wanted (to go/ going) to that rock concert.
I've just finished (to decorate/ decorating) my room.
It is no good (to try/ trying) to buy love- it is far too expensive!
Oversret folgende sretninger:
(Der er ekseL :pler pa alle de omtalte tricky verb patterns)
Konen onskede, at han skulle komme tilbage.
Kidnapperne fik gidslet til at spise sit eget ore, som de havde skiiret af.
Sagforeren foreslog hende at lidt mere omhyggelig gang.
Min far fortalte, at han skulle i i fjorten dage.
Lad med at foresla chefen, at vi moder tidligere pa arbejde.
Hans kone fik ham til at deltage i marathonlobet.
Han undgik med nod og (barely) at blive ved bilulykken.
De forklarede os, hvordan vi skulle betjene datamaskinen.
Vi risikerer at miste alle vores penge pa denne made.
Min bedstemor altid, hvordan hun blev sendt ud for at arbejde, da hun var
6 ar
onskede ikke, at alle klassekammeraterne skulle komme til fodselsda-
gen.
Det lykkedes for hende at na toget til trods for den (heavy) trafik.
I at jeg afbryder jer. .
Hun f'ik ham til at ga til kobmanden, selv om han var
Hvis Igor det omhyggeligt, skal det nok lykkes for jer.
J eg har ikke noget imod at indromme, at jeg er forelsket.
Han kunne ikke undga at bore, hvad der skete i ved siden af.
Alting lykkes for ham,
J eg forklarede dem mine og fik dem til at indromme, at det var en
darlig ide.
Hun onskede ikke, at de skulle gore det for hendes skyld.
41
VP
uv
Uregelmressige verber
A(l ) Las nedenstaende opgave ved at skrive den korrekte form afverbet i
sejlen. Past tense = datid (1-15)
Past participle = kort t illregsform (16-36)
to go 1
I
t he past tense
to know 2
to pay 3
I
to wear 4
to wake 5
to smell 6
I
to hit 7
to spread 8
I I I
to blow 9
to build 10
I
to shake 11
to fall 12
to fly 13
to t each 14
I I
to grow 15
to draw 16 I
the past participle
to catch 17
I I
to lay 18 I
to fall 19
to spend 20 I
to think 21
I I
to hold 22
to lie 23
to freeze 24
I I
to forget 25 I I I I
to bleed 26
to bring 27
I
to drink 28
to feel 29
to shake 30
I
to swear 31
to weave 32
to choose 33
to read 34
to bite 35
I
I
I I I
to burst 36
Lres sa den gennemgaende lodrette linie!
42
A(2) Leg med monstre:
Find i en liste over uregelmressige verber andre verber, der h0rer naturligt hjemme i
nedenstaende 5 grupper (mindst 2 verber mere til hver gruppe). B0j aile verberne i
de tre hovedformer.
1. to ring
~ ~ _ __________ __
to drink
2. to blow
~ ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - -
3. to find
~ = = = - - - - - - - - - - - - -
4. to hit
~ = = - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
to cost
5. to teach
to buy
U dover de rent bojningsmressige problemer er der nogle ord, hvor stavningen
voider problemer:
Sammenlign:
to be he was he has been being
to choose he chose he has chosen choice
to fall he fell he has fallen
to feel he felt he has felt
to lead he led [led] he has led lead [led] = bly
to lose he lost he has lost loose (adj) = l0s
to mean he meant [ment] he has meant
to read he read [red] he has read
to see he saw he has seen seeing
to sleep he slept he has slept
to speak he spoke he has spoken speech (n) = tale
to teach he taught he has taught
to think he thought he has thought a thought= tanke
though = sk0nt
through = igennem
tough = barsk
V rer specielt opmrerksom pa disse staveproblemer i f0lgende 0velse!
43
uv
uv
B Indsret den korrekte form af verberne i parentesen:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
44
(tell)
(feed)
(sleep)
(feel)
(keep)
(lead)
(read)
(lend)
(begin-ring)
(break)
(feel-eat)
(teach)
(know-fall)
(think)
(catch)
(feel-choose)
(raise-swear)
(shine)
(fight)
(buy-cost)
(get)
(send)
(sell-leave)
(fall)
(choose)
(rise)
(bring)
(rise)
(sink)
(drink)
I have often ...... you but you always forget.
When the kitten was small, I .. .... her by hand.
I ...... very badly after having seen that horror film.
They had .. .... very sick before the exam.
Though he was dead-tired, he ...... on walking.
The blind dog .. .. .. the blind man home.
I often ...... novels but I haven't ...... this one.
John ...... all his money to his best friend.
We had hardly ...... the lesson when the bell ......
Last year he ...... his leg while he was skiing.
She .. .. .. sick after having ...... that fish.
I ...... Danish some years ago in Newcastle.
If he had ...... her he wouldn't have .. .... for her tricks.
I had never ...... about going to university before.
My sister ...... 3 fish the first time she tried.
He had ... ... uneasy about the whole plan but he ... ... to go on after all.
The woman .. .... her right arm and .... .. to tell the truth.
The wintry moon ...... dimly that night.
The two rivals ...... it out between them.
He ...... a house which ...... a fortune.
Have you .. .... hold of the money?
Have you .. .. .. the letter?
He ...... the house when his wife ...... him.
She ...... down the tree while she was picking apples.
We had clearly .. .. -:. the wrong direction.
He saw that dense smoke ...... from the chimney.
While they were engaged he ...... her flowers every day.
It was so early that the sun had not ...... yet.
A Soviet submarine has ...... with all its nuclear missiles.
You haven' t ...... the water from the tap, have you?
C Oversret folgende sretninger:
B@j forst lie/ lay og de danske verber i de 3 tider:
1. Elizabeth I lagde grunden til Englands storhed.
2. Alle telefonledninger er nu lagt ned i jorden, og der har de ligget i lang tid.
3. J eg er trret; jeg vil gerne lregge mig et 0jeblik.
4. Danmark ligger nord for Tyskland.
5. Du lregger dig da ikke midt pa gaden!
6. Fra bondegarden kan man altid fa nylagte reg.
7. Havet la mod vest; landsbyen la mellem bjergene.
8. H0nen har ikke lagt sa mange reg i dag, som den lagde i gar, men den kan ikke lregge
sa mange reg hver dag.
9. Borgmesteren lagde sig pa ryggen og faldt i s0vn.
10. Avisen ligger pa gulvet, n0jagtigt hvor jeg lagde den, efter atjeg havde ligget og lrest
den. Mens jeg la der, kom h0nen for resten og lagde endnu et reg.
Borgmesteren lagde sig pa ryggen og faldt i s0vn.
45
uv
AF
46
Adjektiver
I Gradb0jning af adjektiver
III: Adjektiver pa 2 stavelser b0jes normalt med more/ most, undtagen hvis
ordet ender pa:
-er clever - cleverer - cleverest
-le simple- simpler- simplest
-ow narrow - narrower - narrowest
-y happy- happier- happiest (bemrerk y ~ ie; se s. 100) .
IV: Der er mange (overraskende) undtagelser. Du kan fa hjrelp i ALD .. Hvis der
ikke star -er/ -est efter adjektivet, gradb0jes det med more/ rriost.
A Gradboj folgende ord i bade 2. og 3. grad:
1. rich 4. noble 7. common 10. bad
2. important 5. good 8. many 11. dirty
3. low 6. silent 9. noisy 12. awful
B (l) Oversret folgende sretninger:
Mange danskere taler bedre engelsk end tysk.
2. Danskerne bliver i gennemsnit reldre og reldre.
3. Det vanskeligste arbejde er ofte det interessanteste.
-!. Den st0rste diamant kostede mindre, end sheiken troede.
a. Der var lrengere til den nrermeste k0bmand, end de havde forventet.
6. Jeg er reldre end min bror, men han er 30 centimeter h0jere end mig.
1 . Patientens tilstand (condition) blev vrerre efter operationen.
Det mindste, du kan g0re, er at sende et julekort til hende.
9. Familien boede i den vrerste slum i byen, vrerre, end du kan forestille dig.
10. Dette er det sidste kamera, vi har af denne model, og deter ogsa sidste model.
II En bedre middag
Falsk komparativ
J eg er bedre til matematik end du er
I am better at mathematics than you are
Jeg blev inviteret til en bedre middag
I was invited to a (very) good dinner
komparativ (2. grad)
falsk komparativ
Dansk bruger i stor udstrrekning komparativ (2. grad) i tilfrelde, hvor der ikke tren-
kes pa nogen sammenligning (falsk komparativ).
Engelsk har ikke denne mulighed!- Her bruger man normalt positiv (1. grad), evt.
sammen Jled pretty / fairly / very eller lignende.
Bemrerk dog: major, superior, elderly.
B(2) Oversret:
1. Familien slog signed (to settle) i en mindre by i Midtvesten.
2. Han har flere gange vreret i vanskeligheder med politiet. Flere gange end du?
3. Byen havde kun en mindre park, ogden var sandelig mindre end de fleste parker.
4. Haner et vrerre fjols, men han er en dygtig forretningsmand.
5. Min far matte srelge sin gard og k0be en mindre, da han blev reldre.
6. Hans brrekkede ben skyldtes et mindre uheld.
7. Vores yacht kostede en st0rre sum penge, men sa er den ogsa st0rre end jeres.
8. Vi blev modtaget af en reldre herre og to st0rre hunde.
47
AF
AF
III One som stetteord
Pa dansk bruges adjektiver ofte som substantiver:
Den blinde havde stor nytte af sin f0rerhund.
Dette kan meget sjreldent lade sig gore pa engelsk:
B Oversret:
1. Familien havde syv hunde; den st0rste var en Grand Danois.
2. De arbejdsMse er ved at blive utalmodige.
3. Den eneste, der kunne forsta kinesisk, var blevet syg.
4. Den blinde gik over til den gamle, der sad pa brenk en og snakkede med en yngre da-
me.
5. Den anklagede grred, da hun h0rte dommen.
6. De rige udnytter de fattige.
7. Farvede fra Vestindien m0der ikke sa megen modstand i England.
8. Du t0mmer den automat (slot machine), jeg tager mig af denne her.
9. Den afd0de fik sin hrevn, da testamentet blev lrest op.
10. De to gamle er de eneste, der sa tyven.
11. Det vigtigste er at analysere konsekvenserne.
12. Det eneste, de kunne g0re, var at ringe efter en ambulance.
48
IV En 14-arig dreng
A Oversret:
1. J eg fyldte firs i fredags, men jeg f0ler mig stadig som en 40-arig.
2. 24-arig mand drrebt i motorvejssammenst0d.
3. I de engelske pubs rna man ikke drikke 0l, f0r man er fyldt 18 ar.
4. Han var 16 ar, da han f0rste gang blev forelsket.
5. Den 10-arige spillede fodbold som en professionel.
6. 21-arige Jennifer gifter sig med 70-arig millionrer.
7. Joan var 8 ar gammel, da forreldrene blev skilt .
8. Den 12-arige Sam blev fundet af politiet 3 uger senere.
9. Vi m0dte en mand pa 123 pa vores tur gennem Rusland.
:X
~ ~ ~
~ - / )i-
~ ~ '
_ _ . > ~ ~
AF
49
AA
Adjektiv I adverbium I
a. The nightingale is a
c. He lived in a
A(l) Find bade adjektiver og adverbier.
(2) Forklar, hvilket andet ord i sretningen, det fortreller noget om:
1. Grm:tddad climbed the ladder cautiously.
2. He spoke uickly to hide his confusion.
3. He lived in an awfully cold, haTMimbered house.
4. She speaks French surprisingly well when you think of her age.
5. The witness answered truthfully that he had not seen any weapon.
6. An unusually fat kangaroo jumped heavily across the hot desert.
B Indsret den korrekte form (adjektiv/ adverbium) af ordet i parentes:
HUSK: ADJEKTIV
good
hard
ADVERBIUM
well
hard!
(OBS: hardly betyder nreppe/ nresten ikke)
1. The young man shouted .......... at the policeman (angry).
2. He stumbled .......... towards the door (blind) .
3. He bought a .... .. ... . \expensive carf(real),
4. My uncle had worked awfully .... ...... his whole life (hard).
5. His first novel was not a ... ....... success (complete).
6. She paints very .. ....... . , better than most of the students (good).
50
He saw a very ... ....... butterfly, but he could not catch it (rare).
We were panting .. ........ after the jogging trip (heavy) .
New York is a .......... noisy city (horrible).
He made a .......... mistake and paid a ...... ... .. price (terrible-heavy) .
C Oversret:
BEM.tERK STAVNINGEN: heroic (adj) -heroically (adv)
1
economic - economically
1. Han talte meget hardt (rough) til b0rnene, selvom det ikke var deres skyld.
(
2. Han er en afskyelig (disgusting), lille g:riier.
3. Et frygteligt uheld standsede arbejdet pa atomkraftvrerket.
4. Han var 0konomisk uafhrengig.
5. Hun var en livlig pige, der altid talte positivt om andre mennesker.
6. Du tager alting for alvorligt.
7. Han opf0rte sig sa charmerende, at ingen kunne modsta ham.
8. Hun kiggede ivrigt efter sine b0rn, men hun kunne ikke finde dem.
9. Tyven listede lydl0st ned ad trapperne.
10. Drengen kiggede genert pa sine hrender.
11. Fotomodellen smilede venligt til alle, der gad (to take the trouble) se i hendes ret-
ning.
12. R0gen steg langsomt op fra skorstenen.
13. Tolderne unders0gte grundigt kufferterne men fandt ingenting.
14. I mine ferier star jeg altid sent op.
15. Tyskerne krempede srerdeles tappert men tabte krigen.
16. Dette er en mulig l0sning, men jeg tvivler alvorligt pa, at vi kan gennemf0re den.
17. Den 14. juli var en usredvanlig varm dag, og alle styrtede til kysten.
18. De ansatte protesterede voldsomt, dade h0rte om de nye arbejdsforhold.
19. Blyanterne dansede lystigt.
51
AA
AA
Adjektiv I adverbium II
Vi har indtil nu arbejdet med eksempler, hvor et adverbium fortalte noget om et bestemt
andet ord i sretningen, men
Der er ogsa ad'verbie:t, der fortreller noget om hele sretningen:
Sf.ETNINGSADVERB;rEJJ3; I certainly remember him
Fortunately her guests were late
, ., We usually go camping in our holidays
De hyppigste er: actually
apparently
certainly
definitely
eventually
fortunately
generally
gradually
honestly
hardly
luckily
naturally
obviously
probably
rarely
really
simply
usually
De placeres ofte f0rst i sretningen eller ligesom smaadverbierne!
A Oversret:
1. Hans sidste bog blev desvrerre en fiasko.
2. Jeg ved helt rerligt ikke noget om, hvem der har drukket din sherry.
3. Mimden sa bestemt ikke ud, som om han fortmd (to regret), hvad han havde gjort.
4. Hun vidste simpelthen ikke, hvordan hun skulle tackle den nye situation.
5. Han havde tydeligvis tabt interessen for hende.
6. Deter nreppe en god ide at springe ud ad vinduet - vi er pa 6. sal.
7. Hun mistede lidt efter lidt sine illusioner.
Pas pa betydningen af eventually:
8. Far sagde, at han eventuelt ville komme senere i aften.
9. Mor besluttede til sidst, at hun ikke ville vente pa ham.
B Oversret (der er eksempler pa alle typer adverbier):
OBS: ADJEKTIV
rare
impossible
ADVERBIUM
rarely I seldom
not possibly
1. Problemet er simpelthen, hvordan jeg skal fa lrert alt dette.
2. Normalt er jeg ikke vanskelig, men jeg kan umuligt skrive din stil for dig.
3. Fjenden angreb ivrigt vore stillinger, men forgreves.
4. En sjrelden fugl bliver sjreldent set.
5. Hun spillede fodbold overraskende godt.
6. Anden sk0jtede yndefuldt pa isen for at tiltrrekke sig andrikkens opmrerksomhe:..
7. Haner tilsyneladende en rar mand, men han er en rigtig djrevel over for sin kor:-
8. Psykiateren advarede dem om, at drengen var et meget specielt tilfrelde, j a, et sja:
dent tilfrelde, og at han bestemt skulle behandles forsigtigt.
52
Adjektiv I adverbium III
~ ammenlign:
a.d sho.ted angrily
~ d often gets a1gry
A ( 1) Lav pa basis af f0lgende sretninger en liste over de verber, der tager subjekts-
prredikat. (Verber der svarer til vrere, blive, synes, se ud, + sanseverberne
smell, taste, sound):
The woman was anxious
to be
2. His father became unhappy
3. The boy remained silent
-!. The weather turned cold
0 . My mum often gets mad at me
6. We slowly grew impatient
I . The girl seemed so sad
The boy looked very sad
9. I felt cool despite the heat
10. This salmon smells bad
11. That meat did not taste good
12. He sang but it sounded awful
B lndsret den korrekte form (adjektiv/ adverbium) af ordet i parentes:
1. It seemed ...... to do something about it (necessary).
2. The man walked in my direction very ... .... (slow).
3. He felt very .. .... sitting outside the headmasters's door (uncomfortable).
4. The noise was ...... , but suddenly everything grew ...... (terrible-silent).
5. Solomon was .. .... a very wise king (certain).
6. His story sounded ... .. . but it must be ... ... (strange-true).
7. If you would like me to, I could ...... help you (easy).
8. The bicycle was ..... . ...... (awful-expensive).
9. They lived ...... together for some months, but then the girl started to behave ..... .
(happy-strange).
53
AA
AA
B Oversret:
PAS PA: Sanseverberne kan bruges bade i
svrekket betydning
Han sa rolig ud
og i fuld betydning
He looked calm
1. Det er let at regne svaret ud.
2. Min kone bliver let vred om morgenen.
3. B0rnene sa aile glade ud.
Han sa roligt pa mig
He looked calmly at me
4. ... og de levede lykkeligt til deres dages ende (ever after).
5. Han handlede fornuftigt, da han forlod stuen.
6. Hendes beslutning synes fornuftig, nar man trenker pa hendes situation.
7. Noget gik galt med planen.
8. Lrereren sa rasende ud og svarede utalmodigt.
9. Sheike_n blev bleg ved tanken om de faldende oliepriser.
10. Hun vendte sig hurtigt om ved lyden af mandens hrese stemme.
11. Stegen lugtede godt.
12. Kokken l0ftede forsigtigt laget og lugtede omhyggeligt til sup pen- den lugtede for-
frerdelig!
C Oversret:
PAS PA f0lgende faste udtryk:
if possible, as possible, as usual, than usual.
De ligner adverbier, men kan siges at vrere.forkortede sretninger af typen:
I'll come if possible ( = if it is possible)
1. Han kom for sent som sredvanligt.
2. Vii De sende varerne sa hurtigt som muligt?
3. 'Kirurgen f0lte febrilsk efter patientens puls. Bagefter f0lte han sig bedmvet.
4. Slaverne planlagde omhyggeligt et nyt opmr.
5. Hun havde arbejdet hardt hele dagen og sa udk0rt ud, da hun endelig kom hje
6. Kom sa hurtigt som muligt!
7. Nu f0ler jeg mig normal igen. Jeg er nemlig ikke normalt sa nerv0s.
8. Haner usredvanlig klog.
9. Du er om muligt mere s0vnig end sredvanligt.
10. Du kan nreppe forvente, at jeg skal hjrelpe dig uden at fa noget for det.
11. Jeg vidste rerlig talt ikke noget om det.
12. 0konomisk blev han en succes, f0lelsesmressigt var han en fiasko.
13. Han h0rer ikke godt efter at have arbejdet ved den maskine hele livet.
14. Faderen talte lrenge og indtrrengende til sin clatter om hendes planlagt'e regteska
15. Hun var yndigt klredt pa og sa himmelsk ud.
54
Substantivers flertal
: -=- GELMJESSIGT FLERTAL:
REGELMJESSIGT FLERT AL I:
OBS: hundred }
thousand mister flertals -s, nar der star nrermere angivelse foran:
million
A Oversret:
several hundred children
two thousand men
men: thousands of people
1. Man siger, at en kat har ni liv.
2. B0rn i u-landene (a developing country) rna ofte arbejde hardt.
3. Tyvene viste sig at vrere meget uheldige; de fandt kun 2 srekke kartofler i en masse
visne blade i laden.
55
SF
SF
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Busserne, der skulle transportere negrene til de nye skoler, blev standset af rasende
forreldre.
Vi rna selv bestemme, hvad vi skal g0re.
B0rnene sa 3-4 ulve uden for landsbyen.
Kalkunerne (a turkey) l0b rundt pa gardspladsen, og duerne sad oppe pa tagene.
Der var to bmd pa den 0verste hylde. Aile de andre hylder var tomme.
Han mistede et par trender i slagsmalet, men han kunne stadig komme pa benene
(= f0dderne) bagefter.
10. Tyvene true de de 2 kvinder med knive til at udlevere de 2000 pund ogpmvede en dog
at fii fat i deres guldtrender.
11. Pengeskabene viste sig at vrere umulige at abne.
Han vejede mere end 90 kilo. 12.
UREGELMIESSIGT FLERT AL II :
56
4. Nogle ord rendres ikke fra ental til flertal:
sheep fish (fishes= fiskearter)
deer cod (torsk)
means (et middel) plaice (r0dsprette)
steelworks trout (0rred)
gasworks + andre navne pa fisk
5. PAS PA de utrellelige substantiver, som ogsa kun har en form:
De utrellelige er ogsa
af andre grunde (se s. 59).
6. Folgende laneord har beholdt deres
fremmedartede flertalsdannelse:
crisis
--..
basis
......
analysis
......
parenthesis """
hypothesis
__.,
advice
furniture
information
interest
money
news
progress
"'+
media
-->'
series
-
species
A Oversret folgende ord (aile flertal) og udfyld krydsogtvrersen:
=>OWN
=.. . muligheder
'!. m:::end
3. knive
. t :::ender
9. hylder
=..=... kriser
::. 3. liv
=..t. kvinder
=..9. analyser
B Oversret:
ACROSS
1. klaverer
2. aber
4. fjender
5. laks
7.g:::es
8. husser
10. f0dder
12. tab
15. tyveknregte
16. ulve
17. kanter
18. okser
En ulykke kommer sjreldent alene
Det ar havde der vreret en serie kriser for bystyret. F0rst gik arbejderne pa byens st0rste
stalv:::erk i strejke. Nyhedsmedierne skrev om slagsmal (a scuffle) ved portene til vrerket.
To hundrede politibetjente matte s0rge for , at busserne med strejkebryderne (a scab)
kunne komme ind pa fabriksomradet.
Kort efter opdagede nogle lystfiskere, at mange fisk var d0de af forgiftning, og at der nre-
sten ikke var nogen laks tilbage i floden. Specialisterne lavede adskillige analyser af situa-
t ionen og indsamlede aile relevant e oplysninger, men efter 3 uger havde de ikke gj ort frem-
skridt endnu. Myndighederne frygtede, at tusinder af far, k0er og kalve, der grressede pa
engene langs flodbredden, ville blive forgiftet. Eller hvad der var vrerre: menneskeliv ville
ga tabt.
Senere blev by en ramt af jordskrelv og 7 kvinder blev drrebt under sammenstyrtede huse.
Mange mennesker blev saret, deriblandt mange b0rn. Katastroferne syntes at forts:::ette,
og myndighederne erklrerede byen i undtagelsestilstand (in a state of emergency).
57
SF
SF
Logisk flertal
Many people lost their lives in the flood
The children finally made up their minds
As the author writes in lines 9 and 10
We have opposing views on the question of immigration
Pa engelsk er der often en stsrre logisk ove.rensstemmelse endpa dansk imel-
lem forskellige led i smtningen, fx subjekt og objekt.
Sammenlign: She is seven and a half years old
She jogs one and a half miles every morning
HUSK ogsa: He could not do it himself
They could not do it themselves
PAS PAved opslag i ordb0ger, som altid anvender formen oneself.
Den skal selvf0lgelig erstattes med den relevante self-form:
, Gpslag: tage sig selv i nakken
Ordbog: pull oneself together
Men: The two men pulled themselves together
A Oversret:
1. Til sidst besluttede (to make up one's mind) de at blive gift.
2. Barnets forreldre havde meget forskelligt syn pa b0rneopdragelse.
3. Du kan finde svaret pa side 10, linie 19-25.
4. De skiftede fly i Bombay lufthavn.
5. Jeg havde ikke ventet, at mine venner sa pludseligt vendte os ryggen.
6. Der er 3'/z km til den nrermeste benzinstation.
7. Lad os bytte plads (a seat), sa jeg kan sidde i skyggen.
8. De rystede pa hovedet og opgav diskussionen.
9. B0rn kan ikke passe pa (to take care of) sig selv i trafikken.
B Oversret:
Min kone og jeg har lige vreret pa bes0g hos min svoger. Vi skulle have boet der i en u E
men vi skiftede mening (to change one's mind) efter 2 dage: hans s0nner var sa uforskarr.-
mede, at de ikke engang tog hatten af, mens de spiste middag. Nar de ikke spiste, lade p ~
ryggen pa sofaen og lreste avis.
I gamle dage, tilbage i det 18. og 19. arhundrede, var b0rn sandelig mere velopdragnE
Na, min svoger k0rte OS til stationen, men han var sa fornrermet, at han ikke ville g i ~ , .
hand, sa han beholdt hrend erne i Iommen. J eg er bange for, at min svoger og hele min _-
gerfamilie har vendt os ryggen.
Toget var fuldt. Min kone lider afklaustrofobi oggik derfor hen til en mand ved vindue ~ ;
spurgte, om han ville bytte plads. Efter halvanden time skulle vi skifte tog. Da vi kom
London, var vejret blevet darligt, og nreste dag h0rte vi, at mange var faret vild i den tre:--
tage.
58
I
A piece of advice
Utrellelige substantiver
_- ? e fa substantiver er trellelige pa dansk: et rad, 2 nyheder, flere penge,
men utrellelige pa engelsk.
ENGELSK utrellelige
advice
furniture
information
interest
luck
money
news
DANSK trellelige
rad
m0bler
oplysning( er)
rente(r)
held
penge
nyhed(er)
For at g0re ordene trellelige pa engelsk rna du indf0je et trelleligt ord/ udtryk, fx
a piece of, a bit of, a stroke of:
I still miss 3 pieces of information
A stroke of luck saved my life
We need a bit of luck now, don' t we?
One item of news was important for the police
A Vrelg det korrekte udtryk i parenteserne:
1. You can find all the relevant (information/ informations) in this book.
2. All his money (was/ were) gone. What had he spent (it/them) on?
3. Your brilliant (advice/ advices) would have killed us if we had stuck to (it/them) .
4. (Is/ are) there any news about the sex scartdal in London?
5. The money (was/ were) stolen from the security van outside the bank. Some of
(them/it) (was/ were) later found in a plastic bag.
6. (Much/ many) of the (furniturelfurnitures) had been ruined by the recent flood.
Bemrerk: a couple of beers/ four coffees (hvor der menes krus/ kop/ glas)
7. Could I have two (tea/ teas), please?
8. Father gave me some good (advice/ advices) -but he could use (them/it) himself.
9. There (was/ were) hardly any furniture in the small flat.
59
SF
SF
B I de falgende sretninger er der fejl - ret dem!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Bemcerk, at der i nogle scetninger skal rettes mere end et ord.
em.,... r.;,....,..,,"""' ...
9. I walb.-,r:mll .. n r ~
10. App erybody had heard the news but nobody seemed to believe them.
11. Our family gave us a lot of advice before our first trip to England, but when we arri-
ved, we just couldn't remember them.
12. The invention ofthe spinning jenny was an important progress for the cotton indu-
stry.
C Oversret:
J eg har lige filet brev fra min onkel i Am erika. Han skriver, at han har tj ent mange pengE
for nylig. Han fortceller, at han arvede nogle penge efter en tante, som ogsa gav ham det g
de rad at scette dem i bank en og sa leve af renterne. Sk0nt det var et godt rad, mente rnii:.
onkel ikke, at han kunne leve af dem. Sa en dag h0rte han om bankdirekt0rens ulovli=
pengetransaktioner. Disse oplysninger brugte han til pengeafpresning. Det var naturlic-
vis et held for min onkel, som hele li vet har vceret sa fa ttig som en kir kerotte ( ... as a churC::.
mouse) . Men den stakkels bankdirekt0r har vceret n0dt til at scelge mange af sine smukkE
m0bler og antikviteter. Jeg har ncesten medlidenhed med ham.
60
Genitiv
I Genitiv kan dannes ved hjrelp af APOSTROF (+ s):
Ord, der IKKE i forvejen ender pa -s, tilfojer ~
the girl's bicycle
the men's clothes
Ord, der i forvejen ender pa -s, tilfojer kun ~
the girls' last hope
Dickens' famous house
OBS: ITS (= GENITIV): The dog wagged its tail
IT'S (= IT IS): It's a long time ago
A Indsret enten ~ eller [j , sa de fremhrevede udtryk bliver korrekte:
1. Have you seen my parents new car?
2. Childrens clothes have become awfully expensive.
3. It is half an hours walk t o the railway s
4. All the ladies coats had been_..:i si.ll'illllfilll .. ~
5. The old ladys jewelr ad
6. I sat waiting d m rs .
7. T ou d suit me fine.
8. a he had taken somebody else coat.
9. e ation has suffered because of recent arms sales.
10. its an old carpet and its edges are frayed, but I love it!
61
G
G
II Genitiv kan ogsa dannes ved hjrelp af OF:
Bemrerk ogsa specielt den folgende brug ( definerende og
forbindende):
a) ved mal, mrengde og antal: a box of cigars
a glass of milk
two pounds of sugar
b) ved frellesnavn + egenavn: the town of York
the Kingdom of Spain
the Island of Malta
Men ikke ved: the river Thames
Lake Ontario
c) ved arstider/ datoer: the spring of 1988
3rd June (lreses: the third of June)
Men ikke ved: the year 1988
March 1989
B Oversret:
1. Lorna er min brors veninde.
2. Byens storste fabrik matte lukke (to close down).
3. Efter skilsmissen flyttede min far tillandsbyen Taunton i grevskabet Devon.
4. Londons centrum er domineret af banker og forretninger.
5. Hestens bagben var brrekket to steder.
6. Hun bad om to ars orlov (a leave) for at rejse jorden rundt.
7. Husets altan faldt ned, da fuglen landede pa gelrenderet (a railing).
8. Jeg matte vente fire timer hos lregen.
9. Har du lrest dagens avis?
10. Familien Johnsons kat var lobet bort.
11. Byen Henley ligger ved (on) floden Themsen.
12. Efter en maneds Mrdt arbejde blev han syg.
13. I efteraret 1985 var der en serie flykatastrofer (an air disaster).
14. Hospitalets nye afdeling (a ward) blev frerdig i foraret 1986.
15. Det var ikke sagforerens fejl, men hans sekretrers.
62
+I+ ubestemt artikel
a/ an
I modscetning til dansk benyttes ubestemt artikel ogsa ved:
Bemrerk folgende udtryk: I had a headache
As a rule he is here before sunrise
He took a great interest in the new girl
You certainly have a right to disagree
She had waited for a long time
Please keep an eye on the baby!
I never wear a tie
As a young girl she was very pretty
A Indsret a(n), hvor nodvendigt:
1. As .. .. .. young man I had ...... unusual job.
2. Graham Greene became .. ... . Catholic as ...... grown-up, but he had always taken
...... enormous interest in religious matters.
3. Mrs Musman is ...... housewife and ... ... mother of five young children.
4. She spoke four languages but she did not speak ...... Russian.
5. My brother grew ...... beard while he was in prison.
6. Ronald Reagan cannot become ...... President ofthe United States for a third term.
7. He was .... .. Nazi during the War.
8. Did he really say that? Well, it's ..... . lie, I can assure you!
9. Nigel Waterhouse used to be ...... writer but now he is .. .. . Chairman ofthe NSPCA.
10. They started in Liverpool and became famous as ...... pop group in the early '60s.
63
UA
UA
B Oversret:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
64
Bemrerk den ubestemte tidsangivelse En kold september aften ... :
One cold September evening .. .
On a cold September evening .. .
Om fremtid ogsa: Some day I'll take a terrible revenge ...
Bemrerk ordstillingen ved half, quite, such og too + adjektiv:
He is quite an interesting old man
Oh, she is such a charming girl
I saw them half an hour ago
That is too important a question to leave to others
Direkt0ren er her desvrerre ikke - hun har hovedpine.
Jeg har ret til at tale med en sagf0rer, f0r jeg siger noget.
Min far var fisker, indtil vi kom ind i (to join) Frellesmarkedet. Nu arbejder han pa
fabrik.
Vil De vrere sa venlig at holde 0je med min bagage (luggage), mens jeg k0ber billet.
Som ung pige boede hun pa landet i Nordengland.
De besluttede at k0be bil, selvom de ikke havde rad.
Som formand for denne fo;:ening rna jeg protestere imod dette forslag.
Jeg har altid dr0mt om at blive t0mrer.
En dag h0rte hun en mrerkelig lyd fra krelderen.
Efter fire maneder fik han brev fra sin S0n.
En morgen vagnede hun op med hovedpine - de havde holdt fest hele natten.
Vi havde en ganske dejlig tur til Wales.
En dag vil du indse, at jeg har ret.
Min far begyndte som arbejder pa fabrikken, sa blev han tillidsmand (shop stew-
ard), og i dag er han direkt0r.
C Oversret:
only a little = kun lidt, men dog noget (positivt)
only a few = kun fa, men dog nogle (positivt)
She is only a little better today, so she still can't go for a walk
Men aldrig

da noget,der er negativt, ikke kan indskramkes yderligere.

1. Hans tipoldefar var pirat som ung mand, men dode som kaptajn i den tyske hrer.
2. Det var en ganske alvorlig ulykke, selvom ingen kom til skade.
3. Anton er en mand af fa ord.
4. Jeg har kun lidt at foje til, hvad der er blevet sagt.
5. Der var alvorlig mangel pa kvalificerede ingeniorer efter krigen.
6. Jeg er lidt nervos ved tanken om den eksamen.
7. Selv blandt vennerne er der kun fa, der kender baggrunden for skilsmissen.
8. De matte aflyse (to cancel) koncerten, da kun fa mennesker havde kobt billetter.
9. Da min far kun kender lidt til politik, stemmer han ikke til valget.
10. Patienten har ret til at fa at vide, hvad han fejler.
11. Som ung rejste Robert til Indien. Her m0dte han Rani, som var meget smuk, n c:n
som ogsa var buddhist. Selvom jeg er katolik, er jeg ikke fanatiker, sa skal vi ikke
gifte os? J eg tjener lidt penge som forfatter, menjeg er ikke rig. Selvf0lgelig har du ret
til at sige nej, men sa bliver jeg skuffet.
12. Kun fa tilhrengere var dukket op pa pubben f0r kampen.
65
UA
BA
+!...;- bestemt artikel I
A Oversret:
:furste
+aile andre
ordenstal
1. F0rste gang, jeg h0rte den historie, var den morsom!
2. Han tilbringer det meste af sommeren ved havet.
3. F0lgende elever er blevet optaget (to admit) pa teaterskolen.
4. Hunden er blind pa (in) det ene 0je.
5. Hun brrekkede den ene arm, da hun faldt ned ad trappen.
6. Jeg havde samme oplevelse, da jeg bes0gte Venedig f0rste gang.
7. De fleste af eleverne var gaet hjem.
8. Den ene af drengene blev tilbage, den anden stak af.
Bemrerk den bestemte artikel ved verdenshj0rner og left/ right:
The sun sets in the west
The station is on the left
9. M0rke skyer nrermede sig fra 0st.
Go west!
Turn left at the next corner
Left or right, I don't care!
10. Til i morgen skal alle lrese f0lgende kapitler: 4, 5 og 6.
11. Det meste af mad en blev spist samme aften.
12. Den ene dag efter den anden gik uden nogen nyheder.
13. Det var tredje gang, han sa den film.
14. Den ene af ans0gerne var for h0j, de andre var for tykke.
15. Zigeunerne drog mod nord om sommeren ligesom fuglene.
16. Chefen var ude at rejse det meste af tiden.
Pas pa:
17. Pigerne var de mest dominerende i klassen.
18. Det er den mest primitive bog, jeg lrenge har lrest.
66
+I+ bestemt artikel II
She went up to London by bus
We go to church every Sunday
Sometimes she missed the bus
The crucifix was stolen from the
church
A Indsret den bestemte artikel, hvor det er nodvendigt:
1. The patient was taken to ...... hospital.
2. The boy is only 15 so he has to go to 000000 school for another year.
3. They drove her over to 000000 hospital to see her mother.
4. He just couldn't get up: the warmth of 000000 bed was too pleasant.
5. The old man takes a walk to 00 00' church on most days of the week.
6. The masked robbers were seen to leave by 000000 car.
7. In the afternoon we all went into 00 00 00 town.
8. The stolen money was found in 000000 car.
Samme forskel gor sig greldende for folgende 2 omrader:
Spring is early this year
What's for dinner?
9. When are we going to have 000000 supper?
The spring of 1985 was wet and cold
The dinner we had last night was
fabulous
10. I don't expect to see him before 00 0000 morning.
BA
67
BA
11. According to the almanac ...... winter begins in a fortnight.
12. During ...... dinner the parents had a loud quarrel.
13. He decided to go to England by ...... ship. When he was onboard .... .. ship, he regret-
ted it. I should have gone by ...... plane, he thought when he saw ... ... aeroplane
high above in the sky.
14. His uncle was in ...... prison for the third time.
15. . ..... school was finally over and the children rushed out.
16. We usually had bacon and eggs for ...... breakfast.
Bemrerk udtrykkene med forskellige prrepositioner:
by night in the night
at night during the night
17. He was very ambitious and usually came home late at ... ... night.
18. My mum is in ... ... hospital. No, not St. Christopher's- she was taken to ...... hospi-
tal down the road.
19. . ..... winter of 1984 was both long and cold.
20. Shift workers often have to work by .... .. night and sleep by ... ... day.
+I+ bestemt artikel III
Der er et helt specielt problem med en rrekke utrellelige substantiver, som refererer til
begreber/ abstrakter, fordi dansk og engelsk artikelbrug er forskellig. De hyppigste
er:
. -
I :: {':.:.15
I ,_,,:
'
Many people fight for freedom The freedom they had fought for was
crushed by the new dictator
Hvorfor +! + artikel i: Air is lighter than water
The air in here is foul because of the water in the sewer
68
A Indsret den bestemte artikel, hvor nodvendigt:
1. .... .. time always flies when you are enjoying yourself.
2. Most of ...... time was spent in art galleries and dusty museums.
3. The soldiers faced ... ... death without fear.
4. . .. ... death of his wife was a serious shock to him.
o. The rescue party at last gave up .... .. hope offinding the miners alive.
6. At last she gave up ...... hope.
Bemrerk dog de to faste udtryk:
This is the life (for me)! said the girl after a day on the beach of San Tropez
I will fight to the death, thought the brave young man
7. We can learn a lot from ...... history.
8. . .... . history I remember from my school days is next to none.
9. . .... . life begins at forty, she said desperately.
10. . ..... life he was used to had never brought so much happiness.
11. Our forefathers worshipped ... ... nature.
12. He was sitting in front of ...... television all day.
13. . ..... television has become an important part of our daily lives.
B Indsret den bestemte artikel, hvor nodvendigt:
.. '
-L k '> ':'_;-_;-,'";"-, 'f'lf .J"!_
t. .. .. ; J__. ,_,\.,) .-....'<1,. .. 1. 1
- I
-- - :) \
. t
17
l;'" -. , l
,::...._--, - \ I
ty;.s[h"'!
1
1: .:Ji!i: , . .,".;

.- , ,
' '
1. After having read the goodbye note from his wife, he suddenly grew tired of ...... life.
2. He felt that .... .. time he had spent waiting for her had been worth it when she finally
turned up.
3. . ..... existence ofthe abominable snowman has not yet been proved by ...... science.
4. When she wakes up to ...... reality one day, she will find ...... life hard to cope with.
5. The Romantic poets often turned a blind eye to ...... cruelty of ...... nature.
6. In the past man was much more dependent on ...... nature.
7. Watching ...... TV is nothing but an escape from ...... reality.
J1:?ro:t.'fuimn::- tg}Tl'
. --
. .. "..
tti wti]. '\!J1llii
I
I
8. There is nothing romantic or fashionable about ...... life in ...... modern Britain.
9. Are the unemployed really spongers on ...... society?
10. .. .. .. life was not all beer and skittles for poor Mr Prebble.
11. ...... truth about ...... history of the American Indian is rarely told in our history
books.
12. Many people are afraid of .. ... . old age, of being locked up in rest homes with no con-
tact to ...... society.
69
BA
BA
13. Our history books are dominated by the ideas and philosophy of .. .... western civili-
zation.
14. . ... .. modern science has studied the Ness monster with intense interest.
15. . ..... society of the '80s is completely different from the carefree '60s.
16. That is the sort of problem you have to cope with in ...... everyday life.
C Oversret:
Livet i 80' erne er ikke let. Det mod erne bliver let styret af den mod erne teknik,
der af de fleste politikere ses som l0sningen pa alle vore problemer. Samfundet har aldrig
vreret sa rigt, hrevder de.
Mange ser tilbage til60'ernes samfund med nostalgi. Og man h0rer fra flere ogflere men-
nesker rabet: tilbage til naturen. For disse mennesker er den moderne teknik rod en til alt
ondt, isrer den stigende forurening.
Hvis livet skal fortsrette, rna dansen om guldkalven bringes til oph0r, hrevder de, ellers vii
den natur, vi kender i dag, forsvinde i l0bet af fa ar.
+I+ bestemt artikel IV
ved egennavne
1.
A Indsret den bestemte artikel, hvor nodvendigt:
1. Could I make a phone call to ...... USA.
2. I read in ...... Guardian yesterday that there had been a fire in ... ... Astoria. It was so
serious that the guests had to jump from the windows.
3. . .. ... Cambridge is the seat of one of the most famous universities in the world.
4. His most intense wish was to visit .... .. Jamaica and ...... West Indies as a whole.
5. . ..... Titanic sank under mysterious circumstances.
6. . ... .. New York Times reported that the banks of ...... Mississippi had been flooded
because of the heavy rainfall.
70
2.
3.
4.
- .: ..
1 iilettm}:;:xrr . . _ . _
the National Gallery
the British Museum
the National Front
Buckingham Palace
Liverpool Street
Oxford University
St. Paul's Cathedral
the Empire State Building
the White House
Men: Park Road
B Indsret bestemt artikel, hvor nodvendig;:
1. The view from ... ... National Gallery is fantastic.
2. .. .... Nelson's column on ...... Trafalgar Square is 182ft tall.
3. .. .... Oxford Street is a famous shopping street in the heart of London.
-! . .. .... Royal Mews (kongelige stalde) are certainly worth a visit.
Bemrerk altid + artikel, nar navnet indeholder en of-konstruktion:
the House of Commons
the Tower (of London)
the University of London
the East End (of London)
v. From ...... Houses of Parliament you can easily reach ...... Westminster Bridge.
6. .. .... Cambridge University competes with ...... Oxford University every year in the
famous boat race.
1. On the north side of .. .... Thames you will find .. .... Embankment Gardens not far
from .... .. Cleopatra's Needle.
If you pass under ...... Waterloo Bridge you have a splendid view of ...... Royal Festi-
val Hall, and a moment later you will see Scott's ship ...... Discovery.
If you leave .. .. .. Thames after .. .. .. Temple (the impressive buildings where lawyers
are educated), you should turn right and go down ...... Fleet Street. On your left is the
famous pub, ...... Old Cheshire Cheese not far from ...... Daily Express and .... .. Sun.
When you continue, you will end up in .... .. City.
10. .. ... Old Bailey is the popular name for .. .. .. Central Criminal Court.
11. You may not wish to visit ...... Stock Exchange, but you will certainly want to spend
some time at ...... Museum of London.
12. If you want to shop around in fashionable boutiques and see the great plays, you will
have to go back to ...... West End, whereas ...... East End is known for its exotic
markets.
13. .. .... Planetarium next to Madame Tussaud's is certainly worth a visit.
71
BA
He put his hat on his head
. . { legemsdele
possess1vt pronomen eller bestemt artikel ved beklaodningsgenstande
He had his hands in his pockets He hit him in the face
OBS: I passive sretninger bruges altid bestemt artikel:
He was shot through the heart
A Vrelg mellem possessivt pronomen eller bestemt artikel:
1. She snapped (her/ the) fingers to wake him up.
2. They shook (the/ their) heads and left the room.
3. I gripped him by (his/ the) throat to scare him.
4. She was scratched on (the/ her) face by the cat.
5. He landed (his/ the) right hand on the opponent's jaw.
6. The boy was butted in (the/ his) stomach by the young bull.
7. He took her by (the/ her) hand and led her away from the scene of violence.
8. She was hit in (her/ the) back by a bullet.
B Oversret:
1. De tog hatten af, dade gik ind i kirken.
2. Han tabte traobenet 2 meter for mallinien.
3. John mistede besindelsen, da han sa sin tidligere kone.
4. Jane bandt et torklrede om hovedet.
5. Peter slog Dennis i maven.
6. Hun blev ramt i hovedet af en fugleklat.
NB: Samme regel grelder for folgende udtryk: to make up one's mind
to lose one's way/ life
to be on one's way
7. De for vild i market, da deres lygte gik i stykker.
8. Pa vej hjem diskuterede de, hvem der skulle lave teen.
9. De kunne ikke bestemme, hvilken vej de skulle vrelge.
10. De slog vagten i hovedet med en jernstang.
72
This/that
demonstrative pronominer
Bemrerk folgende udtryk:
I only met him this morning (her til morgen)
In this country(= her i landet)
Those who want to go, raise their hands! (de, der ... )
He is the one who did it (deter ham, der gjorde .. . )
What made him do it was ... (det, der fik ham til at .. . )
To this day we don't know what happened (den dag i dag ... )
A Indsret det demonstrative pronomen:
1. What is on TV .... .. afternoon?
2. Look here! .... .. bicycle of mine is a wreck.
3. Who were ...... strange people at the party last night?
4. He has been gone ... ... last few weeks.
5. He took a painting from the wall and said, ...... is my latest work.
6. . .. ... one, next to the bookshelf, was my first painting.
7. I always come here because ...... shop is the cheapest in town.
8. We have not had much snow ...... winter.
9. We were bard up in ...... days.
OBS: Den pige, der gjorde det (dansk: demonstrativt pronomen)
The girl who did it (engelsk: bestemt artikel)
10. . ..... computers they made last year are hopelessly out-of-date today.
11. I haven't seen ...... film you are talking about.
12. It's hard to decide, but I think I'll take .. .. .. , the one in the window is too expensive.
13. . .. ... young couple who moved in next door have some strange habits.
Giv nu den prrecise
danske oversrettelse:
ental
flertal
here an d
this=
these=
now there and t h
that=
those=
en
73
PR
PR
It/there
Oversrettelsen af der som forel0bigt subjekt skaber normalt ikke problemer,
hvis du husker, at verbet retter sig i tal efter det egentlige subjekt (se kongruens s.
20).
A Oversret:
1. Der er mange arbejdsl0se unge ide engelske byer.
2. Der var ingen i huset, da ilden br0d ud.
3. Fortrel mig, hvis der er problemer i skolen.
4. Der var en udbredt (general) f0lelse af frustration i befolkningen.
5. Der var mange uheld pa grund af glat f0re (slippery roads) .
6. Der er ikke mange mennesker, som kan huske krisen i 30'erne.
7. Der var koldt og vadt i det gamle hus.
8. Der var 3 fluer i suppen.
9. Pa side 24 star der, at helten elsker den fattige pige.
10. H vor langt er der til New York fra San Francisco? Der er 3. 031 miles, mender er k m:
2.875 miles til Washington D.C., og der er der en chance for at m0de prresidenten.
B Oversret:
1. J eg spurgte, hvem der havde taget bogen.
2. Der var langt hen til den nrermeste kro.
3. Der var udstillet mange kuriositeter i vinduet.
4. Sagde han, hvad der var i vejen?
5. Hvorfor sende bud efter politiet, nar der ikke er sket noget alvorligt?
6. Der var ingen, der vidste, hvordan de skulle l0se problemet.
7. Myndighederne forstod ikke, hvad der var arsag til ulykken.
8. Vi gik hen for at se, hvad der var i vejen.
9. Der kom tre gamle koner ud ad d0ren.
74
Some/any
LJES: I saw some very pretty houses today. I didn't see any gardens worth mentio-
ning, though. Did you see any? Somebody told me about this picturesque vil-
lage. It's so popular that I couldn't find any parking space for my car, however.
Can anybody help me?
A lndsret some eller any:
1. We haven't had ...... reports from
Lebanon for ...... days now.
2. Were there ... ... letters for me this morning?
3. . ..... body must have heard the explosion.
4. I don't want to see .... .. more reporters today.
5. Have you heard ...... gossip recently?
6. The poor dog wants ...... thing to
eat - give it .. .. .. sausages!
7. Did .. .... body see the accident?
8. There are ...... pretty tough looking
boys outside- do you know ...... of them?
9. He did it without ...... body's help.
10. Is .... .. body home?
i 1. I should like to give her ..... thing she
would really appreciate. Have you got .. ... idea?
B Oversret:
PAS PA I: noget =en smule (adverbium): somewhat/ a little
Vi blev noget skuffede = we were somewhat disappointed
PAS PA II: Some say= nogle (mennesker) siger (flertal)
Somebody says =en eller anden siger (ental)
75
PR
PR
1. Gav din far dig ikke nogen penge?
2. Er der nogen af jer, der har vreret i Italien?
3. Politiet kunne ikke finde noget spor af tyvene.
4. Der er nogen, der venter pa dig udenfor.
5. Tror du, at du kan klare skrerene (to pull through) uden nogen hjrelp?
6. Noget senere fik vi at vide, at han havde vreret meget syg.
7. Er der nogen sprendende t0jbutikker her i nrerheden? Nej, mender er nogle meget
dyre butikker i centrum.
8. Du rna meget gerne (you're welcome to) lane nogle af mine kriminalromaner.
9. Hun blev noget overrasket over at h0re, at hun havde vundet f0rsteprremien.
10. Han fandt kun nogle tomme kasser i garagen.
11. Nogen havde mbet resultatet f0r offentligg0relsen.
C Indsret, og forklar, om bade some og any kan indsrettes, og hvad for
skellen bliver:
Lres, og forklar forskellen:
He is taller than some of his friends
Somebody must have done this on
purpose
Has he told somebody?
Don't you like some of the food?
1. Let us meet ...... time.
He is taller than any of his friends
Anybody could have done that by
accident
Has he told anybody?
Don't you like any of the food?
2. They could not supply us with ...... more information.
3. Didn't I give you .... .. money yesterday? I'm sure I did!
4. Shouldn't we do ...... thing about it?
5. ...... thing you say can and will be used against you, said the constable.
6. You may come ... ... day of the week except Sunday.
7. Look, do you see ...... thing moving over there?
8. Have you heard ...... thing about your brother's accident yet?
9. Haven't I seen you ...... where before?
10. Could I have ...... lettuce, please?
11. Why are you so pale? Has ...... thing happened?
12. Have you got .... .. thing on your mind, young lady?
13. . ..... of the children may have been there.
76
Bemrerk:
A Oversret:
Sporgende pronominer
which ... ? (hvem/ hvad
om personer:
om ting:
af et begrrenset an tal):
Which of your children did it?
Which beer do you prefer, lager or
bitter?
1. Hvem sa dig pille ved (to tamper with) lasen?
2. J eg har kigget pa Atari og Commodore, og jeg ved ikke, hvad for en jeg skal k0be.
3. Hvad har du dog set, siden du er sa bleg?
4. Hvilken bil har Dei tankerne?
5. Hvad vil du gerne have, te eller kaffe?
6. Hvad er chancerne for, at han vil overleve?
Bemrerk: What is she like?
How is she?
What is it like to ... ?
What a nice garden!
= Hvordan er hun?
= Hvordan har hun det?
= Hvordan er det at ... ?
= Sikken en dejlig have!
7. Hvordan er dine forreldre, spurgte pigen nerv0st?
8. Hvordan var det at bes0ge Danmark igen efter sa mange ar?
9. Hvem bor i jeres hus nu?
10. Hvem af dem er din storebror?
11. Hvordan var vejret i Canada?
12. Hvordan havde dine svigerforreldre det?
13. Sikken en smart bil, han havde k0bt!
14. Hvordan kunne du glemme din egen f0dselsdag?
15. Hvordan sa bankr0veren ud?
16. Han vidste ikke, hvordan han skulle g0re det.
17. Han vidste ikke, hvordan det ville vrere at bo alene og lave sin egen mad.
18. Hvordan var det at sidde i frengsel?
77
PR
PR
Relative pronominer
Bemrerk, at det relative pronomen kan udelades (som pa dansk),
nar det star som OBJEKT i sretningen.
A Streg det forkerte ord ud:
1. She had a husband (who/ whom) adored her.
2. It was my father (who/ which) climbed up to save the cat.
3. There's the footballer (who/ which) was bought by Manchester United.
4. We caught the fox (which/ whom) had killed our chickens.
5. The film star, (who/ whom) had just been arguing with the waiter, suddenly sat
down next to us.
6. She's the girl (whose/ which) sister is a beauty queen.
7. The lovely old house (whose/ which) we had just bought burnt down last night.
8. The consequences of the plan (whom/ which) we are considering now are difficult to
foresee.
9. What happened to the crew (which/ whose) ship went down after the collision?
10. This is the best film (which/ whom) I have seen for a long time.
11. Our dog, (who/ which) is worse than a spoilt child, refuses to eat anything but steak.
12. Mrs Winterbottom, (who/ whom) is definitely on the heavy side, was quite ex-
hausted after her speech.
13. This is the true story of the housewife (which/ who) became the first ever South
American dictator.
14. This is the tale of Little Red Riding Hood, (which/ who) is one of the most popular
fairy tales ever.
78
Pas pa folgende faldgruber:
I
II
III
IV
v
B Oversret:
1. Den laorer, hun havde i de forste to ar, betod alt for hende.
2. Chaufforen gjorde alt, hvad han kunne for at undga ulykken.
3. Selvomhan var uerfaren, sejlede han alene i sinnye sejlbad, hvad der er tabeligt. Og
hvad der var vaorre, han bar ikke redningsvest.
4. De drenge, der gar nu, er min sosters born.
5. Den dag, hvor vi havde besluttet at tage af sted, fik vi besog af mine foraoldre.
6 Avisen, hvis oplag (circulation) var faldet drastisk, blev til sidst lukket.
7. Jeg er bange for, at deter alt, hvad jeg ejer og har.
8. Det, jeg provede at fortaolle dig, var, atjeg ikke kan komme til dit bryllup i morgen.
9. Den mand, som hun havde arbej det sa hardt fori alle dear, hvis born hun havde fodt
og opdraget, hvis hus hun havde passet, stak pludselig af med naboens kone.
10. Pa min fodselsdag, hvor jeg havde inviteret alle de venner, jeg kunne komme i tanke
om, faldt jeg ned ad trappen og braokkede benet.
11. De, der kan stemme for (in favour of) forslaget, raok handen op!
12. Det, hun ikke kunne forsta, var, at bornene aldrig ville i seng.
79
PR
R
Problembarnet blandt de relative pronominer er THAT:
THAT bruges bade om mennesker/ dyr/ ting
Men kun i bestemmende relativsretninger (se s. 81)
(Husk: that kan altid erstattes af who/ which)
He is the only man that (who) can help us
The girls that (who) had been disobedient had been sent home
The dress that (which) I wanted to buy had been sold
The parrots that (which) had been caught in Australia were sent out of the country
in secret
Hvis du er i tvivl, kan du bruge { : ~ f c h
MEN der rna stadigvrek aldrig vrere KOMMA foran en bestemmende relativsret-
ning! Og da du nok er i tvivl om, hvad en bestemmende relativsretning er, sa se under
tegnsretning nreste side.
C Indsret det relative pronomen, og sret komma, hvor nodvendigt:
1. I feel sick; perhaps the fish ...... I ate yesterday wasn' t good.
2. Tommy and Mary ... ... are playing in the garden are my wife's children of her first
marriage.
3. The street ...... leads to the school is much too narrow for heavy traffic.
4. The small self-effacing woman ...... you see over there is the boss.
5. Mr Hattersfield ...... is our local butcher has organized a protest meeting.
6. Could I talk to the salesman ...... sold me this rust heap of a car.
7. The youngsters ...... had hired the car were not old enough.
8. My bank manager ...... I was speaking to yesterday is concerned about the state of
my account.
9. Shakespeare ..... is considered to be the world's greatest dramatist was born in a
little cottage in Stratford-on-Avon.
10. The elderly gentleman ... ... lives across the road has got married for the ninth time.
11. That swindler had simply sold the tickets ...... I had booked two weeks ahead.
12. The ship ...... crew and passengers had been taken hostage was stormed by the
Israeli troops.
13. In your letter ...... I only received this morning you ask for my permission to go ahead
with your plans. My answer ..... I am sure you had suspected is a clear no.
14. At a time ...... you would expect him to settle down with wife and children he has
joined the volunteers in El Salvador.
Tommy
80
Tegnsretning
Pa engelsk bruges komma til at a n ~ P v e en pause
til at let'te forstaelsen
A(l) Lres folgende sretninger igennem; lreg mrerke til, hvor der (i modsret-
ning til dans,k grammatisk kommatering) IKKE er komma:
a) He admitted that he was tired
b) He did not know what was the matter
c) I was sorry because I couldn't come
d) Look how the children are enjoying themselves
e) Ask her if she can come
f) Peter turned pale when he heard about it
g) I don't know why she cried her eyes out
h) The others had left before we got there
I
dvs: + KOMMA foran bismtninger, der et
logisk nodvendige for hovedsretningen
hrenger noje sammen med hovedsmtningen
A ( 2) Lre s folgende sre tninger; Ire g mrerke til, hvor der (til forskel fra dansk
grammatisk kommatering) IKKE er komma foran relativsretninger:
a) I only want to marry a man who loves me madly.
b) The woman that wanted to see you suddenly left.
c) This is the gentleman (whom) I was talking about.
d) That is the car (which) I would love to have.
e) I want to speak to the boy whose bike was stolen.
f) My car, which I bought 2 years ago, is now a rust heap.
g) Vicky, whose mother remarried last year, hates her stepfather.
h) The boys, who had been in trouble before, were caught redhanded.
II
III
En parentetisk relativsretning (ret sjrelden) giver en ekstra oplysning, som
ikke er n0dvendig for at forsta, hvem eller hvad vi snakker om.
81
T
T
A(3) Forklar nu forskellen mellem:
a) The girls, who were good-looking, easily got married.
b) The girls who were good-looking easily got married.
A(4) Lres folgende sretninger igennem, heist hojt:
a) The man had, in fact, stolen the car.
b) At the police-station, however, he told the truth.
c) She, too, fell for his charm.
d) John, Alice, Joan, and Peter disappeared without a trace.
e) When she arrived at long last, he had left.
f) You want to go, don't you?
g) She sighed, Please tell me!
h) He muttered, Excuse me!
IV
v
B Indsret/ fjern kommaer, hvor deter nodvendigt:
1. Have you eaten Ann?
2. The men in the street were strong red-faced young hooligans.
3. William kept his room in perfect order, and never had to be told, to c
wash his hands or put on a clean shirt.
4. The village is I believe a special favourite of
5. Do you want me to give these pape e ?
6. Jane Brown who had fallen , was scared of hor
7. She asked him t
8. , o ved in California.
9 , hy it matters to me and sometimes I wonder my c
10. ce to explain the situation to my boss he sacked me.
11. ac]{ers who had boarded the plane in Athens surrendered to the Italian arm_-
which had surrounded the aeroplane.
12. The shop whose owner had been taken ill had been closed for a week.
82
Prreposition + that - aldrig i livet!
He was unhappy he failed his exam
Du har 3 muligheder for at UNDGA prreposition + that-sretning:
Prrepositionen kan ofte udelades efter
substantiver: ingen tvivl om, at =no doubt that
ingen ide om, at = no idea that
og adjektiver: bange for, at= afraid that
ked af, at = sorry that
overrasket over, at= surprised that
Denne mulighed b0r kun bruges, nar det er n0dvendigt.
The fact kan selvf0lgelig kun bruges, hvis det, der f0lger efter, er en kendsger-
ning. Alt efter indholdet kan der bruges idea/ possibility/ chance/ risk etc.
Denne l0sning er ofte tung
OBS: Deter ingen l0sning at udelade that!
A Der er en hel del fejl i folgende sretninger! Ret, hvor nodvendigt:
1. Her parents were very much against that their da ter midnight.
2. I must remind you of you still owe
3. The novel ends that she decide r ney (to end with).
4. His friends had arra r . e dmg without his knowing it.
5. Later she I ec ed to share a flat with her boyfriend.
6. S u nd would leave her some day.
7. nows that the rain forests are vital for the world climate,
an acres are cleared every day.
8. ad no doubt about the fact that the story might be true.
83
PM
PM
B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Oversret:
Han var overrasket over, at hun havde sagt ja til jobbet.
Han sa godt ud til trods for, at han ikke havde barberet sig i flere dage.
De talte om, at de ville k0be hus i Spanien.
Postbudet var bange for, at hunden ville bide ham.
Terroristerne havde medbragt vabnene, uden at politiet havde opdaget det.
B0rnene var kede af, at de skulle hjrelpe med havearbejdet (the gardening) .
Vi henleder Deres opmrerksomhed pii (to draw one's attention to), at vi ikke accep-
terer noget ansvar.
Ulykken skyldes (to be due to) muligvis, at bilisten havde drukket.
OBS: Udtrykket to see to(= at s0rge for) f0lges altid afit!
9. Jeg skal s0rge for, at dette uheld (unfortunate occurrence) ikke sker igen.
10. AI Smith har fundet beviser for (proof of), at Bigfoot er mere end en myte.
11. Har du trenkt pa, at turen bliver meget dyrere end beregnet.
12. Bedstefar fortalte altid om, hvordan han havde krempet mod indianerne.
13. Hun var skuffet over, at hun dumpede til eksamen.
14. Vi! De s0rge for, at aile formaliteterne er ordnet (to deal with) inden turen?
C Oversret:
I en rrekke tilfrelde kan du med fordel rendre udtrykket pa forskellige
mader:
without my knowing it = without my knowledge
because of their being poor = because of their poverty
the reason for my being here= the reason why I am here
worry over the fact that = worry because
talk about = mention/ say
1. J eg rna referere til, at De i Deres tidligere brev forsikrede mig om, at forsikringen
drekkede ulykken.
2. Efterretningsvresenet havde aflyttet Joe J ohnsons telefon i 3 uger, uden at han vid-
ste det.
3. I begyndelsen afromanen taler hovedpersonen om, a than haber pa, at denrige on-
kel d0r hurtigst muligt.
4. Regeringen var ikke bekymret til trods for, at inflationen havde niiet 18%.
5. Han var bekymret over, at hun havde vreret gift f0r.
6. Arsenals trrener tmstede sig med (to take comfort in), at hans hold sikkert ville vin-
de de nreste kampe.
7. Alle vidnerne g0r opmrerksom pa, at anklagede fors0gte at bestikke dem med storE
pengebel0b.
8. Det lykkedes ham at g0re romanen frerdig til trods for, at han var syg.
9. Mekan''ceren har luvet at s0rge for, at bilen er frerdig til pa mandag.
84
Prreposition + infinitiv - heller aldrig!
Han gik uden at sige et ord mere = He left without saying another word
A Gor sretningerne frerdige ved at vrelge en prreposition og et verbum
fra de to ordkasser:
1. He wasn't too keen .. .... the truth.
2. His mates accused him ... ... a coward.
3. We have had certain difficulties .... .. spare parts for this model.
4. Our daughter is very fond ..... .
5. When I was young I used to be very good ..... baseball.
6. He wanted to thank us .. ... . to his rescue.
7. He earned his pocket-money ...... bottles by the roadside and ...... them at the super-
market.
in of for
on of by at
to play to be to get to ride to tell
to collect-to sell to come
B Lav en hel sretning med hvert af nedenstaende udtryk:
(Husk at bruge et verbum efter prrepositionen!)
1. to be tired of
2. to begin by
3. to be against
c Oversret:
4.
5.
6.
to be bad at
to be ashamed of
to be suspected of
7.
8.
9.
to know about
to be shocked at
to be better at
:.
1111 I I , ,- -

ilr:o <ID'"-:)11 .
I -
,- I

I - -I -
1
----.1 I -
-,,n
.... 1
J
, ____ J
' ' '_ ' - '
1x:-fficl
21 't(f> fJ.i$9 'S\
1
;iJ;11 1Jfl}))w
. . . . . . ' '
._. __ _1_ I I .
1. Sagforeren insisterede pa at vrere til stede under forhoret.
2. Hun var ganske imponeret over at vrere i sa fornemt selskab.
3. Du rna vrere stolt over at have arbejdet i sa mange ar uden at have vreret syg.
4. Gronlrenderne protesterede imod at blive behandlet pa denne made.
5. Det lykkedes ikke den amerikanske regering at overbevise de europreiske lande om
nodvendigheden af at foroge militrerudgifterne.
6. Han var vant til at arbejde med slanger og andre krybdyr.
7. Efter at have arbejdetsomlrerer i Londons East End i 7 ar lykkedes detham at blive
forflyttet til det idylliske Dorset.
85
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Tidsprrepositioner
I in- on- at
A lndsret den korrekte prreposition i folgende samtale:
Bemrerk 7 prreposition:
next (week) I shall be home all next week
last (month) We went to bed late last night
this (year) This summer we are going to stay at home
What did you just say?
My parents are coming . oo this week?
When?
0000 00 Saturday.
Why, they were here 000000 Christmas!
Really, Billy! that was 000000 1980.
Well, they were here 000000 last year as well, I'm sure.
Oh, you mean 000000 my birthday. Honestly, they only came oooo 4 o'clock and left 000000 5.30.
000000 what time do you think they'll be here?
00 00 dinner-time, I suppose.
Well, I won't be at home 000000 the week-end, you know that! 0000 00 Saturday I'm going to
Manchester to watch United and 000000 the evening I am to meet the boys at the local. 000000
Sunday, 00 0000 the afternoon, I've promised to help Michael in the garden. But do say hello
to your parents when they come!
II ago - for - in - during
86
B Oversret f0lgende sretninger:
(Der er eksempler pa bade I og II)
1. Jeg skal vrere hjemme kl. 2, siger min mor.
2. Det skete for mange ar siden, da jeg stadig var ung.
3. Om 3 uger vil jeg sidde pa en restaurant i Paris.
-! . De boede i Brighton i en uge.
o. Skibet sank kl. 12 om natten, men alle blev reddet.
6. Om 14 dage begynder udsalget i Harrods.
I 1984 tog vi til Spanien- jeg skallove for, at deter varmt der om sommeren.
Lrereren lavede mange fejl i timen, fordi han var nerv0s.
9. Hun byggede carporten pa en uge, selvom hun aldrig havde brugt en sav f0r .
10. Deter min f0dselsdag pa fredag; lad os invitere nogle grester.
11. Om torsdagen kommer han altid hjem kl. 5.
12. Skal du af sted om en uge? Bliver du vrek i en hel uge?
13. I nreste uge kommer min onkel hjem fra Canada.
14. FN fejres d. 24. oktober, og kvinderne fejrer sig selv d. 8. marts.
15. Vi sa et rumskib i sidste uge, for 5 dage siden.
16. Stedet ligner en sp0gelsesby om vinteren, men sen ere pa aret, til paske, vender ferie-
horderne (holiday crowds) tilbage.
C Oversret:
Den mystiske smukke kvinde dukkede op for 5 iir siden, d. 23. august 1982 for at vrerehelt
prrecis. Hun har kun boet her i 4 ar- hvad lavede hun i 1986, det iir, hun var borte? Var
det hende, der ringede med kirkeklokken om natten i en hel uge i min sommerferie?
Det var dog nresten vrerre, at prresten forsvandt i den samme uge for 6 miineder siden. Til
jul fik borgmesteren et brev, hvori der stod, at han ville komme tilbage til nreste iir- om
formiddagen! Han afshnede ogsa, at det var den mystiske kvinde, der havde bortf0rt ham
d. 18. juli tidligt om morgenen. De havde sa vreret pii farten i 5 dage, i l0bet afhvilke han
havde lrert hende at kende srerdeles godt. Hun var en overordentlig tiltrrekkende dame.
8"
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Stedsprrepositioner I
tJ} {
PA
I
Engelsk sprogbrug minder meget om dansk:
1. The portrait of the Queen was hanging on the wall.
2. A huge, black spider was crawling on the ceiling.
3. There is tough competition on the labour market.
4. The bird was singing sadly in its golden cage.
5. He was still in bed when we called for him.
6. There was not much furniture left in the room after the burglary.
Problembarnet er specielt AT:
7. Put your finger at the place where it hurts.
8. She was always at the centre of everybody's attention.
A(l)Indfej ON/ IN/ AT, sa felgende tommelfingerregel passer:
Bemrerk specielt brugen af AT, nar stedet opfattes sam punkt pa en skala:
The aeroplane flew at a very low altitude
They found the gun at the bottom of the lake
She became famous at the age of five
A(2) lndsret ON/ IN/ AT, sa sretningerne bliver korrekte:
1. Put the glasses .. .. .. the table without dropping any.
2. Let's put the aerial .. .... the top of the flagstaff- we might get a better receptim:.
3. The Danish team found it difficult to play ...... such a high altitude.
4. He was lying ...... his knees scrubbing the floor.
5. The boys were standing ...... the corner, waiting for the girls.
6. You could see the fire ...... a distance of several miles.
7. His name was not .. . the top of the list of graduates, but then it wasn't ...... the bottorr:.
either.
8. The sweets were lying ...... the top drawer out of baby's reach.
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Bemrerk felgende faste udtryk:
'"Jt""L. lXn.e /o
+---
at the top
above the middle
} in the middle
'Jn... l1.t1...es 2! - 2. "'3
below the middle


+---
at the bottom
on page 9
9. Please turn to page 89 and tell me what you see ...... the top of the page.
10. There is a beautiful description of the scenery .... .. page 21, ...... the middle.
11. .... .. the middle of the floor they found a small trapdoor.
12. He screamed .. .... the top of his voice.
Sterre problemer opstar, hvor dansk og engelsk sprogbrug er forskellig:
(1) PA =IN:
(2) PA =AT (ved ma.Iet for opmrerksomhed o.lign.):
(3) PA =AT/ IN (ved institutioner/ offentlige bygninger) :
(4) I= ON (ved fjernsyn/ radio):

.... -Jru ,. .. -............ - ... ,- .. ,- ,.,._ .... ' . .-

ff-",.,11 lt

... " ,.1 " "
.I>'.HJ9 - .... --:-1- --. . . . r . . -
.. I I "r - I - ... - I
'nll--1 oo ... .._, o o 1.,. - ' _.L. " I _I'_I_J
p
(5) I= AT/ IN (ved byer):
B Indsret ON/ IN/ AT:
1. The whole family were ...... the airport to meet him.
2. I always get totally confused when I'm .. .... an airport, so I never fly.
3. The air is purer ... ... the country, they say.
4. The dirt comes from the pigeons which are always resting .. .... my roof.
5. My husband is still ... ... the factory, but I expect him back any minute.
6. The little girl was standing all alone ..... . the street, looking for her dad.
7. Did you see the beautiful new altar ...... the church?
8. Dad is very excited at the thought of working ...... his new office?
9. He is ri:ever at home - he spends a lot of time ..... No 10, Downing Street.
10. They stopped for lunch .. .... Taunton, a small village in Devon.
11. What is ...... the radio tonight?
12. A bird ...... the hand is worth two ...... the bush, so the proverb goes.
13. There was an exciting match .... .. lTV last night.
Bemrerk: to arrive in: ved store byer, store 0er, og lande
to arrive at: alle andre steder
to 'ft\\\. to.
14. We finally arrived .... .. Edinburgh.
15. After a long, difficult joumey he arrived ...... his destination.
16. You often feel depressed ...... an English graveyard, it is so cold and barren.
17. Will you be ...... the station to meet me?
18. She lives ... ... a lovely bungalow ...... the end of this street.
C Oversret:
1. Hans kone var sygeplejerske og arbejdede pa det nye hospital i byen.
2. Hendes halskrede la pa bunden af sv0mmebassinet.
3. Han var gal, fordi han var landet i denne gudsforladte by.
4. Sa kunne han lige sa godt vrere blevet paden 0de 0.
5. Han kunne ikke m0de hende pa det aftalte sted, fordi han var blevet syg.
6. Pa loftet var der store pletter, og i hj 0rnerne var der enorme spindelvrev.
7. Men hvad der var vrerre, han fandt en skorpion i sengen.
8. Fra sengen kunne han ligge og betragte stjernerne pa himlen om aftenen.
9. Hun kunne se de mange sprendende ting, der skete pa gaden i sit gadespejl.
10. Rent lige avisen, sa vi kan se, hvad der er i radioen i aften.
11. Ved foden af sengen stod der en flaske whisky pa et lille bord.
12. Han fors0gte at drukne sin sorg og smerte, mender var ikke meget tilbage i flask en.
90
Stedsprrepositioner II
in/ into I I about/ around I I between/ among I I towards/ against
in/ into
1. He went for a walk in the park
2. He went into the park to look for his children
3. She was swimming in the water
4. He jumped into the pool to join her but then she jumped out(!) of the water
A(l) Placer IN/ INTO ved de rigtige tegninger, og lav en sretning til
hver:
Altsa: inde i = ..... .
ind i = ... . . .
about/ (a)round
1. The girl walked about in the wood in search of mushrooms
2. The boat sailed (a)round Manhattan Island on the sightseeing tour
3. He rose angrily and started walking about in the dining-room
4. She wrapped the paper around his birthday present
A(2) Placer ABOUT/ AROUND ved de rigtige tegninger, og lav en
sretning til hver:
Altsa: bevrege sig omkring pa rna og fa = . .... .
bevrege sig omkring noget, et centrum = . . .. . .
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between/ among
1. The path between the house and the road is all muddy
2. He felt lost among the many unfamiliar faces
3. Between you and me he is a fake but don't tell anyone else
4. A strike has broken out among teachers because of a wage dispute
A(3) Placer BETWEEN/ AMONG ved de rigtige tegninger, og lav en
sretning til hver:
Altsa: mellem to = .. .. ..
mellem flere end to = .... ..
towards/ against
1. He ran towards the tree when he discovered the furious bull
2. He hurt his nose seriously when he ran against the tree
3. They sailed towards unknown shores
4. The ocean liner sailed against a huge iceberg and sank soon after
A(4) Placer TOWARDS/ AGAINST ved de rigtige tegninger, og lav en
sretning til hver:
Altsa: retning imod = .... ..
fysisk kontakt = .... ..
Bemrerk: vende sig om imod = turn to( wards)
vende sig imod (i protest) = turn against
arbejde henimod =work towards (an end)
krempe imod/ med =fight (against)
B Indsret de rigtige prrepositioner:
1. The natives danced (around/ about) the holy tree.
2. I found the letter (between/ among) the papers in the wastepaper basket.
3. He lost his way (in/ into) the jungle when a monkey stole his compass.
4. He walked (about/ around) nervously before he opened the door of the consulting
room.
5. There is an open space (among/ between) the two houses where we can play football.
6. He nearly fell (in/ into) the well when he tried to get water.
7. Have no fear- you are (between/ among) friends, he consoled her.
8. The top drawer was not (in/ into) its place, and the contents were scattered all over
the room.
9. He had a fair night's sleep (between/ among) the sheets after the long journey.
10. He went (in/ into) the jungle in search of gold, but he came out as poor as a church-
mouse.
11. She pointed (to/ against) the west where there was a lovely sunset.
12. The whole town turned (towards/ against) him after he had tried to overthrow the
mayor.
C Oversret:
1. Pludselig sa han havet mellem to h0je bygninger.
2. Han har mange sjove ting i sin taske, kan du tro.
3. De blev bange, da han kom gaende hen imod dem med en pistoli handen.
4. Fra luften kunne manse, hvordan badene sejlede rundt om 0en.
5. De f0rte ham ind i vrerelset med bind for 0jnene.
6. Drengene gemte sig mellem buskene i haven.
7. Hvis du gifter dig med ham, er det imod mine 0nsker.
8. Han f0lte, at alle var imod ham efter frengselsopholdet .
9. Astronauterne bevregede sig rundt i rumskibet i slow motion.
10. Pludselig f0lte han sig angst mellem de mange tilskuere.
11. Dade dansede rundt om juletrreet, opdagede de, at hunden ogsa fulgte med.
12. Han gik hen imod hende med et stort smil og en buket blomster.
13. Det viste sig, at han var faldet i en bundl0s sump.
14. Andorra ligger mellem Frankrig og Spanien.
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Stedsprrepositioner III
I over I above I I under / below I
across/ over
I at/ by I I at+'s/ with I
94
over/ above under / below
1. James pulled his blanket over his head because of
the thunder
2. The boy carried his fishing rod over his shoulder
3. The star was right above his head
4. The top of the building is 300 yards above sea level
5. He placed his gun under his pillow, just in case
6. John hid his sister's book under her bed to annoy
her
7. The submarine was operating 100 yards below the
surface
8. The barometer stood below 32 F
A(l) Indsret den korrekte prreposition:
Over, hen over, ofte i kontakt med
Over, hzevet i niveau over
Under, neden under, pa undersiden af
Under, i niveau under
across/ over
1. The US bombers flew across the Mediterranean to reach Libya
2. The car bumped so much over the rough ground that she felt sick
3. The girl walked across the busy street to fetch her old mother
4. She looked over the hedge to watch the sweet life around the neighbour's swim-
ming-pool
He was desperately trying to crawl across the desert.
A(2) Overs ret: across = ..... .
over= ..... .
at/ by
1. He was standing at the counter, filling in the form
2. He was standing by the piano while he was singing
3. She was sitting at the window, looking for customers
4. She was sitting by the window, reading Fanny Hill
A(3) Indsret at/by
...... betegner placering, beskreftigen sig med
...... betegner udelukkende placering (ved siden af)
at + 's/ with (dansk hos)
1. He lives at his uncle's
2. We met at his father 's
3. He lives with his uncle
4. She lives with her mother
}
}
adresse
i samvrer med
B lndsret den rigtige prreposition:
1. Vegetation was found immediately .... .. the snow line.
2. Be careful, there is a spider right ..... . your head.
3. In the police warning he was described as being .... .. middle height.
4. The jet fighters were not allowed to fly ...... French territory.
5. The player had his penalty kick fisted ... ... the crossbar by the goalkeeper.
6. The valley is ...... the village to the left in the photo.
7. The underground runs far .. .... the main street.
8. You must not stand ...... the ladder- it is dangerous!
9. There are several bridges ... ... the Thames.
10. The car was parked .. ... . the phone booth.
11. She was seated ...... the open window, listening to the birds.
12. They were sitting .. .. .. the table, having coffee and brandy.
13. His wife was sitting ...... his bed throughout his illness knitting sweaters.
14. The manager sat down ... ... the table to sign his own resignation.
15. The money was paid out ...... the counter after I had complained for half an hour.
16. The hole in the wall was a yard .. .... the floor .
17. He sailed ... ... the sound in his new sailboat.
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Opbyggelige opslagsovelser
i prrepositioner
Tag et kopi af side 122-24, hvor de danske udtryk star anf0rt alfabetisk; skriv de engelske
udtryk ind pa denne liste. Sa har du altid en alfabetisk opslagsliste over de udtryk med
prreposi tion, som hyppigt volder problemer, fordi dansk/ engelsk sprogbrug er forskellig.
Alle kan finde i ALD og mange ogsa i en dansk-engelsk ordbog.
I Verbum + prreposition
1. You cannot accuse me .. .... not trying.
2. Do you agree .. ... . us .. .... this question?
3. He aimed ..... . her but didn't pull the trigger.
4. She was quite annoyed ... ... her ex-husband's insinuations.
5. You must try to answer .... .. all the questions.
6. He applied ...... a visa to the USA.
7. We all arrived ...... the party on time.
8. When shall we arrive ...... England?
9. A young man has been asking ...... you all morning, Sir.
10. I really don't believe ..... . all his stories about girls.
11. Many people believe ...... alternative medicine.
12. Do you think we could borrow the car .... . your dad.
13. Could you change a ten-pound-note ... ... pound notes?
14. He had been charged ...... shop lifting once before but was now out on probation.
15. The actress didn't want to comment ...... the newspaper stories about herlatest es-
capades.
16. The workers had to complain .. .. .. headache and nausea before the working condi-
tions at the factory were looked into.
17. He finally convinced the police .. .. .. his innocence.
18. John felt he could cope ...... any situation when he had had a few drinks.
19. Mr Scrooge was certainly cured ...... his greed in Dickens' A Christmas Carol.
20. His latest novel deals .. .. .. the harsh social conditions and unemployment in
Northern England.
21. I hate to admit it, but I shall always depend ...... you.
22. I have always doubted ... ... his word.
23. What happened ...... the people who were arrested last night?
24. She introduced modern business principles ...... the schools.
25. Will you introduce me ...... your mother, please.
26. Will you keep an eye ...... the car while I do the shopping?
27. He simply laughed ...... her new dress.
28. I wouldn't lie ...... you, he said, looking at her with his clear, blue eyes.
29. They had to live ...... a very small income when John was made reduntant.
30. She had looked .... .. the children ever since they were married, but then one day
she walked out on him.
31. He looked .... .. the stranger without hiding his contempt.
32. The last time I saw him he was looking ...... a job in London.
33. He looked ...... the young man as a sort of son.
34. I didn' t quite know what he meant .. ... . that expression.
35. His lawyer objected ...... most of the questions asked by the Counsel for the Prose-
cution.
96
36. I certainly prefer a job in industry ...... a long university education.
37. His friends tried to prevent him ...... marrying.
38. She reminded him ...... what he had said the day before.
39. You really mustn't reply ...... any questions, her lawyer warned her.
40. He learnt to ride ...... a bicycle the hard way.
41. The neighbours sent ...... the police when they heard the loud quarrel from the flat
on the ground floor.
42. With a sad and overbearing smile the teacher shook ...... his head.
43. The police have sent out warnings that they would shoot .... .. anybody who took
part in demonstrations.
44. That man is always shouting ...... his wife.
45. The victims were shouting ...... pain after the explosion.
46. The handsome young man was smiling ...... her all the time but never said a word.
4 7. He kept staring ...... the beautiful girl - he couldn't take his eyes off her.
48. Her husband suddenly felt a pang of jealousy, something he rarely suffered ......
49. My next-door neighbours suggested ...... me that we should arrange a garden
party.
50. Nobody could really suspect her ...... shop-lifting.
51. What subjects do you teach ...... ?I teach ...... Latin and French.
52. Everybody kept throwing stones ...... the poor woman.
53. Please translate the following sentences ...... English.
54. Are you going to vote ...... the Social Democrats or the Labour Party?
55. At last they decided to vote .. .. .. the question of pupil participation.
56. I won't be a minute - could you wait ...... me?
II Adjektiv + prreposition
1. How can you possibly be afraid ...... mice?
2. He was angry .... .. her having left him.
3. John was angry ...... Jim because he had let him down.
4. Don't be ashamed ...... what you have done.
5. Peter was astonished ...... the proposal.
6. I am sorry, but I'm very bad ...... maths.
7. I'm better ...... languages, however!
8. Are you quite certain ...... that?
9. It is very characteristic ...... him to forget the appointment.
10. Jean is clever ...... riding a horse, far better than driving a car.
11. He is definitely conscious ...... the problems he has caused.
12. I'm very critical ...... our new senior master.
13. Small children are often cruel ...... animals.
14. She is still dependent ...... her parents.
15. I'm deeply disappointed ...... you, John.
16. They were disappointed ...... the outcome of the negotiations.
17. He is engaged ...... a very nice girl, his mother said.
18. Old people are generally very fond ...... children.
19. I'm frightened ...... the thought of seeing him again.
20. She is extremely good ...... windsurfing.
21. He was found guilty ...... shop-lifting.
22. They are not happy .... .. the situation.
23. We are keen ...... having a go at it.
24. The Russian population seems to be ignorant .. .. .. the dangers of nuclear power.
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25. Of course it is important ...... me.
26. He felt that he was quite independent ..... , his parents because he had won the pools.
27. He is jealous ...... his wife's family.
28. She is married .. .... a very stupid man, I'm afraid.
29. You must be polite ...... your father!
30. Jack is extremely popular ...... his mates.
31. I said you should be polite ...... you father, not rude ...... him!
32. We were all very shocked .... .. the information of the escape of radioactive material
from the power plant.
33. They were all surprised ...... the news.
34. It is typical ...... him to be absent now that we need him.
III Substantiv + prreposition
1. The lawyer's belief .. .. .. his client was crumbling.
2. The cause ...... his downfall was a lawsuit.
3. My confidence ...... my father has not diminished by this accident.
4. You will realize the difficulty .. .... planning for more than two months ahead.
5. This example is an exception ...... the rule you have just mentioned.
6. Is that an explanation ...... why you are late?
7. Her fear ...... losing him turned out to be justified.
8. There is a growing fear ...... the safety of the deep-sea divers.
9, I won't tell you my opinion ...... him just now - you must have patience.
10. The possibility ...... a new price war is bigger than ever after this merger.
11. What is the purpose ...... doing it right now?
12. I think you could look upon it as a proof ...... his allegiance.
13. I can't see any reason ...... your truancy.
14. This is no reply ...... my question, I'm afraid.
15. He is a teacher ...... English and Religion, probably the best we have!
16. If that man goes free he will be a threat ...... every woman in t he town.
17. These roses bear witness ...... his bad conscience.
IV Prreposition + substantiv/ adjektiv
1. You must do it ...... another way - I told you so!
2. There are many trees .... .. an English field.
3. He has lived ...... the country for the last 10 years.
4. The cows have been grazing .... .. the meadow for two weeks.
5. Peter arrived in London last night .. .... air, not ...... train as he had said.
6. .. .... least tell the truth, will you?
7. We are fifteen in here .. .. .. average -it is only today we are so few.
8. You should have told me ...... advance about your problems.
9. I can honestly say I did it .... .. accident.
10. He donated a large sum of money .. .... support ...... the local candidate.
11. He is ...... charge of the firm, in fact in total control after having bought more shares.
12. The house was ...... fire when we returned from t he cinema.
13. He was very entertaining at the dinner party ...... spite ..... the fact that he had l o ~ :
his wife recently.
14. .. .... the whole I find the party was a success.
15. I swear t hat I did not do it ..... purpose.
16. Well, couldn't we swop roles ...... a change?
17. Many poor people live ..... the outskirts of Mexico City.
18. If we had had the information .... .. that moment, we would have acted different!. -
98
Stavning
1
2
- - 'J,' i.r.: - J;: ' i ii1: ' -;; ' -
l_l 1m! 1ldJ_wJtQ1!lrltllJh-:. _ , _,
IT t"!'.i}"dt '[h:{; .,.;[,-,;- ' . ,
J_- -- - - -J
till until
skill skilful
will wilful
full awful Men: full-time
beautiful full milk
wonderful full-blooded
all always Men: all right
already all-round
almighty all-important
although
3
Once I went ..... . London ..... . see all the sights. Thejourneywas .. .... long ...... enjoy it. Any-
way, I had .. ... visit ...... many ch', hes in ... ... few days. In London there are .... .. many
people and .. .... much fog, and it is ... ... hotin the summer .. ... . enjoy walking ...... all those
places of interest. And ...... go by tube is .... .. expensive and also .... .. boring. It is much
more interesting .. .... go by bus. Boy, I should certainly like .. .... go ...... London again, but
not .. ... . many times.
Hvilken ordklasse kommer efter too+
to +
to +
4
Has anybody heard .. .. .. Claire Castle? Well, it's just north ...... the town .. ... Lowe, .... . .
the main road to Kingston. Let's take the day .. .... and visit the place. The teacher
suddenly broke ..... : I won't be accused ...... taking any risks. So let's bring a coil .. .... rope
to tie round our waists like mountaineers. Then none .. .... you will fall .. ... the high walls. Or
maybe we should agree to keep ...... the walls? We mustn't be short ...... food, so let's bring
tins ...... sardines, beans and fruit. Can any ... ... you get hold .. .... a map ...... the area? Well,
is everybody ready? .... .. we go, then!
Hvilket af ordene har nresten altid noget at gore mec1 bevregelse? .. . ..
99
s
s
happy
destroy
carry
happier
destroyer
carrier
5 Y ~ I E
happiest
destroys
carries
happily
destroyed
carried
destroying
carrying
A Brug nu fantasien, og tilfoj sa mange (faktisk forekommende) endel-
ser som muligt pa folgende ord:
play
fly
pray
gay
early
buy
try
hurry
stay
delay
cry
copy
supply
Pas pa f0lgende uregelmressige stavemader:
pay
say
lay
100
paid
said
laid
lie
die
tie
lying
dying
tying
6 Konsonantfordobling
Sammenlign:
hop
stop
regret
hopping
stopping
regretting
hope
stoop
suffer
hoping
stooping
suffering
PS: Pa britisk engelsk fordobles afsluttende [JJ ogsa i tryksvag endelse:
travel - travelled
Al Tilfej -er til felgende ord: A2 Tilfej -ed til felgende ord:
1. begin- 1. drum-
2. dream- 2. enter-
3. develop - 3. obscure -
4. ban- 4. occur -
5. love- 5. promise-
6. wait- 6. shovel-
7. travel - 7. soak -
8. wm- 8. stare -
9. thin- 9. star -
10. big - 10. visit -
A3 Tilfej -ing til felgende ord:
1. prefer- 7. look -
2. differ - 8. behave -
3. come - 9. appeal -
4. occur- 10. gallop -
5. cure- 11. cancel-
6. shut - 12. prohibit -
NB: bus- many buses (men: bussing is common in the USA)
gas - kinds of gases (men: he was gassed in the accident)
PS: Du kan altid sla op i ALD, hvis du er i tvivl:
Hvis konsonanten skal fordobles, star det angivet, fx pit (-tt-).
s
101
s
7 Stort begyndelsesbogstav
Oftere end pa dansk!! Bemrerk specielt disse forskelle:
A Oversret:
1. En kold og vad september aften ...
2. I 8.r har vi haft usredvanlig mange pakistanske flygtninge.
3. B0rnene fik en ekstra uges ferie i januar.
4. De kristne blev forfulgt (to be persecuted) i det gamle Rom.
5. De blev gift i maj og skilt f0r jul.
6. Mange mennesker er arbejdsl0se i Nordengland.
7. I de seneste (most recent) ar harder vreret flere vinskandaler i Sydeuropa.
B Oversret:
1. Sir Winston Churchill, der var leder af det engelske konservative parti, var en helt
for aile englrendere, ja ogsa for danskerne, under den anden verdenskrig.
2. Peter sagde: Skal vi ikke se parlamentet, specielt underhuset, nu da vi er i gode
gamle England.
3. Danskerne er glade for deres dronning ogden kongelige familie, isrer til nytar.
4. Danskerne er protestanter, italienerne er katolikker, englrenderne er anglikanere
dvs. medlemmer af Church of England, og russerne er ateister, eller er de?
5. Om sommeren regner det, isrer i maj og j uni, mens der er sne i jan uar og februar, men
sjreldent til paske.
6. 300 indianere blev drrebt i slaget ved Wounded Knee.
7. Den amerikanske borgerkrig var bl.a. forarsaget af negersp0rgsm8.let.
102
Brokkassen
De f0lgende problemer fin des udf0rligere behandlet i ENTEN ELLER, 0vebog i engelske
synonymer.
Ferst
OBS: f0rst da .. = only when ... eller not until ... .
Husk omvendt ordstilling efter disse udtryk, nih de star f0rst i sretningen.
A Oversret:
1. Jeg vil ikke ga, f0r du kommer.
2. F0rst syntes de, at opgaven var let, senere opdagede de, at de havde taget fejl.
3. Gift dig f0rst, nar du har rad til det!
4. F0rst var han glad over, at han var faret vild, men snart savnede han sin mor.
5. F0rst skal du lrese, hvad der star pa smudsbindet (dust jacket), dernrest skal du lre-
se romanens sidste side, og til sidst fortrelle lrereren, at nu har du lrest den bog.
6. F0rst da han var gaet, gik det op for hende, hvad hun havde mistet.
Pas pa: not ... before= ikke f0r (men maske senere) (ret sjrelden)
Forklar forskellen: John was not happy until he married Louise
John was not happy before he married Louise
7. Den anklagede ville ikke svare, f0r hendes sagf0rer kom.
8. K0b ikke bilen, f0r den bliver billigere.
9. Sta f0rst af toget, nar det holder stille.
10. F0rst da politiet kom til syne, trak demonstranterne sig tilbage.
11. F0rst var han dybt forelsket, senere k0lnedes hans lidenskab.
12. De kunne f0rst tage til USA, nar de havde tjent penge nok.
13. Gift dig i det mindste ikke, f0r du har rad til det.
103
As/ like
A lndsret AS eller LIKE:
1. Nothing bores me ...... French.
2. Of course she doesn't have to vote .. .... we do.
3. He finally found a job ... ... a lift boy in Toronto.
4. This stuff is red ...... blood but in fact it is paint.
5. . ..... his father he spent a year in London to learn the trade from the bottom.
6. . ..... a boy he had been very clumsy, just ...... his father.
When/ as
A Oversret:
1. Da jeg var i din alder, mg jeg sandelig ikke cigaretter.
2. Dahan kom hjem, opdagede han, at der havde vreret indbrud.
3. J eg vil n0digt sidde ved siden af ham, da han er sa pralende.
4. Dahan ikke var frerdig med sit arbejde, kunne han ikke komme til festen.
5. Da de kom hen til postkassen, sa de, at den allerede var t0mt.
6. Eleverne stormede ud af klassen, da ilden br0d ud.
104
Det danske man
Der fin des pa engelsk ikke et bestemt ord, der svarer til man. Skal ordet oversrettes,
bar du f0lgende grengse muligheder:
THEY } bruges, hvis man kan erstattes af de/ folk:
PEOPLE Man siger, at han drikker =They/ people say that ht:: drinks
WE bruges, hvis man kan erstattes af vi:
Man skal tage livet, som det kommer =We must take life as it comes
A Oversret:
1. Man ma S0rge for sin familie.
2. Man skulle have gjort, hvad der blev sagt.
3. Man skal altid vrere pa vagt.
4. Man laver gode kameraer i Japan.
5. Man oplever sjreldent den slags i Danmark.
6. Man troede, han havde lrert af sine fejltagelser.
7. Man fandt ud af, at den gamle mand havde vreret syg i mange ar.
8. Manser mange fattige mennesker i New York.
9. Man skal vrere forsigtig, nar man drikker sodavand.
105
Blive
I V ed PASS IV bruges:
PS: to get bruges sommetider:
He got excited - she got disappointed - she got dressed
Undga dog at danne passiv pa denne made, da den mest
horer hjemme i dagligsproget
II Om OVERGANG til en anden tilstand bruges:
A Oversret:
1. J eg blev ganske mrt, da b0rnene kom med blomster.
2. Han blev gul af (with) misundelse.
3. Begge bmdre blev drrebt i Vietnam.
4. B0rnene blev chokeret, dade h0rte, at forreldrene var blevet skilt.
5. Han blev mindre voldelig, da han blev reldre.
6. Publikum blev tavse, da de opdagede, hvad der var sket.
7. Han blev fuld, da han pmvede at drikke whisky for f0rste gang.
8. Hun blev fyret, da hun blev gravid.
106
To mean/ to think
NB:
A Indsret det rigtige ord:
Do you really mean what you just said? =
Are you serious about what you just said?
1. Do you ...... that it will rain today?
2. I suppose you .. ... you are very clever.
3. What I said was ...... as a joke.
4. He ..... . that the main character acted heroically.
5. I ..... . that cars ought to be forbidden.
6. My brother-in-law did not .. .... that he could come.
7. What she ...... was that she wanted us to leave.
8. We ought to go home, don't you ...... so?
9. Unlike you, I really ... ... that we should increase the import duty on cars.
10. I honestly ...... that the goal should be disallowed!
107
ALD
ALD-ovelser
1. ALD til almindelig orientering
Du kan fa star af ALD, nar du bruger den som almindeligt opslagsvoork
for sproglige, kulturelle og tekniske oplysninger.
A(l) Find ud af, hvad de folgende forkortelser kan sta for:
e.g.
I.O.U.
PAYE
P.O.W.
VAT
VIZ.
W.C.
Y.H.A.
A(2) Geografiske navne er et kapitel for sig. Hvordan udtales de folgende
shires i England?
Cambridgeshire
Gloucestershire
Warwickshire
W orcestershire
A(3) Hvor star dommerne (the umpires) i cric_ket?
A(4) Hvilken ranger den hojeste af de folgende
Field Marshall/ General Major/ Colonel
A(5) Hvor pa benet findes the calf og the shin?
2. U dtaleevelser
Forkert placering af tryk er nok den almindeligste kilde til udtalefejl. Det skridt i
lydskriftens jungle er derfor at loore at afloose trykkets placering iALD's lydskrift: opga-
ve A(l).
Det nooste skridt er sa at loore at loose selve lydskriften. Her er det n0dvendigt f0rst at gen-
nemga key to phonetic symbols iALD. Deter dog stadig en ret simpel opgave at loose
konsonanter, hvor der kun er nogle fa fremmedartede tegn: opgave A(2).
Lidt vanskeligere er det at genkende vokalerne/ diftongerne, men ved at arbejde med
opgave A(3)s korte ord kan du langsomt voonne dig til at bruge den del aflydskriften i
ALD.
Vi afslutter med en 0velse, hvor der er flere problematiske lyd i samme ord: opgave A( 4).
A(l) Angiv med trykstreg (placeret foran den trykstrerke stavelse), hvor
hovedtrykket skal placeres- sig derefter ordene hojt!
area possessive object (vb)
effective sentimental photograph
respective audience photographer
monument comfortable rebel (n)
influence content (adj) rebellion
hotel content (n) preoccupied
108

A(2) Sla folgende ord op i ALD og skriv de problematiske konsonanter i
lydskrift- og sig derefter ordene hojt!
author lamp three
other debt tree
back laughter village
bag month which
character months witch
A(3) Sla folgende ord op i ALD og skriv de problematiske vokaler/ difton-
ger i lydskrift- og sig derefter ordene hojt!
bow (vb) quay sow (vb)
bowl live (vb) sew
bush live (adj) steak
hot head break
hut say streak
key says tough
A(4) Sla folgende ord op i ALD og skriv hele lydskriften- og sig derefter
ordene hojt!
bath
bathe
breath
breathe
cloth
Tongue twisters:
clothes
draught
drought
taught
thorough
She sells sea-shells on the seashore.
The Leith police dismisses us with six thick thistle sticks.
Round and round the rugged rock the ragged rascal ran.
though
thought
through
towards
A vicious widow went to the Isle of Wight with a very wicked vaudeville. The wise vicar was
vexed and vowed never to wed the wilful, vivacious woman with the vulgar but witty voca-
bulary.
The Story of Betty Botter and the Butter: What I want is a proper cup of coffee,
Betty Botter bought some butter, Brewed in a proper copper coffee pot.
But, she said, This butter's bitter. I may be off my dot,
If I put it in my batter But I want a cup of coffee
It will make my batter bitter. In a proper coffee pot.
But a bit of better butter Tin coffee pots or iron coffee pots
Will but make my batter better. Are no use to me.
So she bought a bit of butter, When I can' t get a proper cup of coffee,
And she put it in her batter. In a proper copper coffee pot,
And it made the batter better. I'll have a cup of tea!
109
ALD
D
3. Smaadverbiernes placering
I de fleste tilfrelde kan du i ALD finde ud af, hvor smaadverbierne skal placeres.
Laos f0lgende sretninger igennem, sla adverbiet i parentes op i ALD; find blandt ek-
semplerne en lignende sretningsstruktur, og placer derefter adverbiet pa den rette
plads.
Vrer specielt opmrerksom pa, om verballeddet er sammensat eller ej!
A Indsret adverbiet i parentesen paden rigtige plads i sretningen:
1. She told the truth (always).
2. Joyce had been to England (also).
3. My sister goes to pubs alone (never).
4. She broke down and said that she was sorry (really).
5. When we were children we played football on Sundays (usually).
6. I suppose she will be tired of her new boyfriend (soon).
7. The manager complained that the workers were on strike (nearly always).
8. The burglar admitted that he had stolen the silver (also).
9. I suppose I have made a fool of myself (often).
10. I must say that I have seen a better film (seldom).
4. Kongruens
Er du i tvivl om, hvorvidt et substantiv skal f0lges af et verbum i ental eller flertal,
kan du nresten altid finde l0sningen ved at sla subjektet op i ALD og loose eksem-
plerne igennem med omtanke.
[U] = uncountable = utrelleligt (f0lges af ental i verbet)
sing v =verb in the singular (ental i verbet)
pl v = verb in the plural (flertal i verbet)
A Indsret den rigtige form - i NUTID - af verbet i parentesen:
1. Everybody ...... here to meet me (to be).
2. All the furniture in this room ...... falling to pieces (to be).
3. People in Southern Europe never ...... during the siesta (to work).
4. The police in England ...... become very unpopular among the miners after there-
cent strikes (to have).
5. A number of paintings ...... missing after the burglary (to be).
6. My family ...... all criminals and swindlers (to be).
7. Measles ...... an unpleasant disease but not dangerous (to be).
8. The wages of a skilled worker ...... quite high today (to be).
9. News ...... quickly in a small village (to spread).
10. The money ...... on the table (to lie).
110
5. Verb pattern
ALD's verb pattern oplysninger kan virke uoverskuelige, men deter heller ikke
n0dvendigt at bruge systemet for at finde ud af, hvordan et verbum skal forbindes
med andre ord:
Du kan normalt finde l0sningen blot ved at lrese eksemplerne igennem og finde en
sretning, der ligner din problemsretning.
Husk nu pa, at deter det forste (styrende) verbum, som du skal sla op
under!
A Indsret den korrekte form af verbet i parentesen:
(Her skal du tage stilling til, om verbet i parentesen skal i infinitiv eller ing-form).
1. I like ..... . in the country (to live).
2. I am sure he enjoys .... .. in London (to live).
3. They finally decided ... .. . me (to help).
4. He promised ...... his experiments (to stop).
5. Tom tried to evade .. .... his taxes (to pay).
6. The boy refused ...... all the blame (to accept).
7. She dislikes ...... about politics (to talk).
8. He couldn't help ...... very foolish (to feel).
9. He tried ...... French for three years (to learn).
10. I've finished ...... the dishes (to do).
I den nreste 0velse skal du tage stilling til flere forskellige muligheder for konstruk-
tionsfejl. Lres sretningen igennem. Find den konstruktion, der kan vrere problema-
tisk. Sla det styrende verbum op i ALD, og Ires eksemplerne igennem (under den re-
levante betydning).
B Ret folgende sootninger, hvis konstruktionen er forkert:
1. I explained them my difficulty.
2. He told that he would not be able to co
3. Her father would not permit t . ~ ! l l i l ' l l ! . ! i l !
4. The new headmaster W>l niS!lMn
5. I finally got g
6. T .e d
7.
8. e ggested them that they should all work overtime.
9. e g1r s denied to know anything about the missing cigarettes.
111
ALD
\.LD
6. Adjektivets gradbejning
Er du i tvivl om, hvorvidt adjektivet kan/ skal gradb0jes med more/ most eller
-er/ est, kan du sla det op i ALD:
Hvis der ikke er angivet -er/ -est efter adjektivet, skal det gradbajes
med more/ most!
Desuden far du naturligvis oplysninger om uregelmressig gradb0jning.
A Gradbaj falgende adjektiver:
low
clever
happy
little
common
feeble
beautiful
simple
noble
many
bad
intelligent
7. Substantivers flertal
good
far
pleasant
red
grey
difficult
Man kanjo altid blive i tvivl om, hvordan et substantiv danner flertal. Hvis b0jnin-
gen er uregelmressig, star det angivet i ALD i parentes umiddelbart efter.
H vis der efter ordet star angivet [U], er ordet utrelleligt og kan ikke srettes i flertal.
A Skriv flertalsformen af falgende ord:
Negro
potato
photo
thief
handkerchief
calf
ox
tooth
8. Stavning
craft
information
people
sheep
ALD giver svar pa 5 omrader, hvor der ofte laves fejl:
a) hvor det er tilladt at dele ord
b) hvornar en afsluttende konsonant fordobles
c) i hvilke ord afsluttende -y rendres til -ie
d) hvilke ord der skal skrives med store bogstaver
e) Hvornar et udtryk skal skrives i et eller to ord
112
(a) ORDDELING:
A(l) Angiv, hvor folgende ord kan deles, hvis overhovedet:
active
dictionary
fully
mighty
quarter
brandy
educate
make
printed
stressed
(b) KONSONANTFORDOBLING:
A(2) Skriv folgende ord i datid:
building
English
many
mention
terrible
Hvis afsluttende konsonant skal fordobles, star det angivet i parentes: fx ( -rr-)
control
kidnap
plan
permit
(c) Y ~ I E :
cover
panic
occur
suffer
A(3) lndsret ordet i parentesen i den angivne form:
1) She .. .. .. to swim the English Channel (to try: datid).
2) He .. .... a new tie every day (to buy: nutid).
3) He never ...... with his children (to play: nutid) .
4) I'm ...... now, after the operation (happy: 2. grad).
5) He finally ... .. the money he owed me (to pay: datid).
6) They ....... all the evidence (to destroy: datid).
7) His wife came home ...... than expected (early: 2. grad).
Pas ogsa pa:
prefer
compel
conceal
visit
8) You might as well admit that you are ...... (to lie: ing-form).
9) Have you tried ...... your shoelaces with one hand (to tie: ing-form) .
10) They all knew that he was ...... (to die: ing-form).
ALD
113
.LD
(d) STORT BOGST A V?
I mange tilfrelde kan tvivl om stort begyndelsesbogstav afgores i ALD. Deter her
nodvendigt at gennemlrese de forskellige betydningsomrader (angivet med 1- 2- 3
etc.) for at finde den tilsvarende anvendelse.
A(4) Angiv, hvilke ord der i den givne sammenhreng skal skrives med stort:
(Sla alle de ord op, der med rimelighed kan vrere tvivl om)
1) He worked in sweden during the second world war.
2) This morning the british conservative prime minster announced h
foreign affairs had resigned.
3) The middle east is again the scene of viole
4) The most recent targets for terrori k'
can embassy, and the wis s
5) A member of h f anglican.
6) T a other coloured people, are mainly concentra-
e 1 c
7) no w london is that the west end is famous for its shops and theatres.
8) of the most popular holiday resorts in the world lie in southern europe.
9) The american indian is today the proper name for what used to be called the red in-
dian.
(e) 1 ELLER 2 ORD?
Da der her vanskeligt kan opstilles regler, er det specielt praktisk at kunne sla
tvivlssporgsmalene op iALD. Sla normalt op under det forste ord og lad ojnene glide
ned over forskellige sammensretninger, der er angivet. Der er 3 muligheder:
Sla op under green: bindestreg: - -eyed monster
et ord: - grocer
to ord: - belt
Hvis udtrykket ikke star angivet, skal du regne med, at det staves i 2 ord.
A(5) Angiv, hvilke udtryk der skal staves i et ord eller med bindestreg:
1) green+ house= 11) shopping + bag =
2) waiting+ room= 12) shop + lifting =
3) high+ school= 13) shop+ keeper=
4) grand+ child= 14) police + dog=
5) grand+ piano= 15) police +station=
6) art+ gallery= 16) police +man =
7) hot+ dog= 17) police + officer =
8) playing+ field = 18) welfare + state =
9) living + room = 19) shoe+ laces =
10) shopping+ centre= 20) plastic+ spoons=
114
A: Ordklasser og grammatiske betegnelser
B: Den simple sretningsanalyse
C: Grammatik-ovelser
For at kunne forstii og kunne rette dine fejl rna du have en vis elementrer vi den om de almin-
delige grammatiske begreber ogden simple sretningsanalyse.
I sretningen I The girl is sleeping I er der 2 mader at )) benrevne girl pii:

-- 1 -- ,
,', ' .. _ , .: ' , .f' rll!
"d1
1
" o'' !rr;':t/IH:'t.c '
- .. ' ... ..... I.J.I-
- . '. . . , . - .. ,.
.-___ 1 _. __ ,--.._ La _ I ... I._,(..,._ .t.JI .r\.a .J
I det f0lgende vii der under A blive givet en kort gennemgang af de 9 ordklasser og de vigtig-
ste grammatiske betegnelser. B introducerer den simple sretningsanalyse. Her vii de enkelte
led og deres funktion blive gennemgiiet. C indeholder en rrekke 0velser, der giver dig mulig-
hed for at kontrollere, om du har forstiiet gennemgangen under A og B.
A: Ordklasser og grammatiske betegnelser
1) EGENNAVNE (Peter/BuckinghamPalace) PROPRIER Proper nouns
2) NA VNEORD (a boy/the table/Friday)
ental
flertal
ejefald
bestemt kendeord
ubestemt kendeord
the boy/the woman
the boys/the women
the boy's/the boys'
the
a/an
SUBSTANTIVER Nouns
singularis
pluralis
genitiv
bestemt artikel
ubestemt artikel
the singular
the plural
the genitive
the definite
article
the indefinite
article
115
3) STEDORD (f.eks. they/ his/that/who)
personlige f.eks. 1/you/they
ejestedord { bundne f.eks. my/your/her.
ubundne f.eks. mme/yours/hers
papegende f.eks . this/that/these
sp0rgende f.eks. who/which/what
tilbagevisende f.eks. (him)self/ (it) self
henf0rende who/which/that
ubestemte some/any/nobody
4)
TILL.!EGSO RD (small / clever I good)
gradb0jning
1. grad grundform small
2. grad h0jere grad smaller/more
beautiful
3. grad h0jeste grad smallest/most
beautiful
5) UDSAGNSORD (to walk/was running)
infinitte navnemade (to) work
former: kort (datids) walked/ gone
kan ikke sta tillregsform
alene som lang (nutids) walking
udsagnsled tillregsform
finitte nutid he goes
former: kan datid he went
sta alene f0rnutid he has gone
som udsagns- f0rdatid he had gone
led (danne fremtid he will go
sretning) datids fremtid he would go
bydemade go!
fortrellemade they walk
if I Wf
l
tv kill
t o be li.llled
116
PRONOMINER
personlige
possessive
demonstrative
interrogative
refleksive
relative
indefinite
ADJEKTIVER
komparation
positiv
komparat iv
superlativ
VERBER
infinitiv
perfekt um
participium
prresens
participium
prresens
prreteritum
perfektum
pluskvam perf.
futurum
konditionalis
imperativ
indikativ
konjunktiv
aktiv
passiv
Pronouns
personal
possessive
demonstrative
interrogative
reflexive
relative
indefinite
Adjectives
comparison
the positive
the comparative
the superlative
Verbs
the infinitive
the past
participle
the present
participle
the present
the past
the perfect
the pluperfect
the future
the past-future
the imperative
the indicative
the subjunctive
the active
the passive
ental flertal singularis/pluralis the singular/ the plural
1st person 1. person
2. person
3. person
(I) run
(you) run
l
(she/it) runs
(the boy) runs
(we) run
(you) run
(they)
(boys) run
6) BIORD (badly/soon/not/awfully)
7) FORHOLDSORD (in/for/on/at/about)
8) BINDEORD (when/as/but/and)
2nd person
3rd person
ADVERBIER Adverbs
PRJEPOSITION Prepositions
KONJUNKTION Conjuntions
, 1
- . - . I
9) TALORD (200/three/third)
mrengdetal
ordenstal
1, 2, 44, six, nine
first, second, fourth
NUMERALIA
kardinaltal
ordinaltal
Numerals
cardinals
ordinals
B: Den simple sretningsanalyse
1) GRUNDLED (subjekt):
John has broken his leg
X
They are playing football
X
To dream can be unpleasant
X
Blue is a beautiful colour
X
There are two girls outside
(X) X
NB: I den sidste sretning er der bade
Grundleddet angiver
den, der udf0rer handlingen
den/ det, der er noget
Den, der sker noget med
et forelobigt (formelt) grundled
et egentligt (reelt) grundled
117
2) UDSAGNSLED (verballed):
There are two boys outside
0
They are playing football
0 v
One boy broke his leg
0
The others were silent
0
He had broken his leg before
0 u
He will go to hospital
0 u
U dsagnsleddet angiver handling:
det, der sker ( er)
det, der skete (var)
det, der var sket (havde vreret)
det, der vii ske (vii vrere)
Bemrerk at udsagnsleddet kan vrere sammensat af:
! hovedudsagnsord
hjrelpeudsagnsord
Udsagnsleddet bar
forskellige tider:
nutid
datid
f0rnutid
f0rdatid
fremtid
U dsagnsleddet bar
forskellige mader:
Fremsrettende made:
He was a king
0nskemade:
If he were a king
Bydemade:
Go!
U dsagnsleddet kan desuden optrrede i
3 a) GENSTANDSLED (direkte objekt):
He brought the letter
A
They are playing football
A
They tried to smile
A
Joe said that he would leave
A
3 b) HENSYNSLED (indirekte objekt):
He told John a secret
(.A)
Joe gave me a letter
CAl
He played me a dirty trick
(.A)
Udsagnsleddet bojes
i person og tal:
Ental:
1. person: I think I I am
2. person: you think I you are
3. person: he thinks I he is
Flertal:
1. person: we think I we are
2. person: you think I you are
3. person: they think I they are
handleform: They killed Jack.
lideform: Jack was killed by them
Genstandsleddet angiver,
hvad grundled + udsagnsled gor
Hensynsleddet angiver
den, imod hvem handlingen
er rettet
4 a) OMSAGNSLED TIL GRUNDLED (Prredikat til subjekt):
Joe is a baker

He went to bed hungry

Peter felt sad

omsagnsleddet beskriver
grundleddet nrermere
OBS: Omsagnsled til grundled er altid et tillregsord eller et navneord (aldrig et biord!). De
udsagnsord, der tager omsagnsled til grundled er sa svrekkede for indhold, at de ofte
kan erstattes af etlighedstegn. De vigtige udsagnsord er: Be, become, remain, grow,
get, look.
118
--- ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
4 b) OMSAGNSLED TIL GENSTANDSLED (Prredikat til objekt):
We painted the house red
@
5) BILED (adverbialled)
Beskriver, hvad genstandsleddet
bliver
Biled er oftest en naermere bestemmelse af, under hvilke omstaendigheder I hvordan I hvor-
nar noget sker:
He left quickly
She was here yesterday
You will find him there
He is awfully funny
Fortunately my uncle didn't die
He actually came home again
madesbiled
tidsbiled
stedsbiled
gradsbiled
saetningsbiled
BEMiERK at ogsa forholdsordsforbindelser er biled:
He left in a hurry
Joe was lying on the floor
He walked in the other direction
The alarm bell rang at six o'clock
He said with a smile (= smilingly)
I det sidste eksempel ser vi, hvorledes et langt og klodset biord (smilingly)
med fordel kan erstattes pa engelsk af en forholdsordsforbindelse (with a smile).
6) HOVEDSJETNING I BISJETNING (helsretning I ledsretning):
En bisaetning star altid som led i en helsretning: Deter derfor normalt lige
sa unaturligt at saette komma foran en bisaetning pa engelsk, som det ville
vaere at saette komma foran et genstandsled eller et biled!
Du vil til tider fa brug for at kende de vresentligste typer bisretninger:
a) Genstandssretning: (starter med f.eks. that, how, why, what) star som genstandsled
i helsaetningen.
He said that he was sleepy I He told me how he had done it
b} Betingelsesbisretning: (begynder med if) star som biled i helsaetningen:
I shall come if you promise to be there
c) Tidsbisretning: (begynder med f.eks. When/before/untiVwhile) star som biled:
I left before the police arrived I He watched us while we were asleep
d) Henferende sretning: (begynder med who/which/that/whose/whom) siger noget
om et led i hovedsaetningen:
The film which I saw yesterday was very good
119
C: Grammatikovelser
I Angiv, hvilke ordklasser ordene ide f0lgende sretninger tilh0rer:
1. Morley Torgov wrote a new novel.
2. The authorities decided to close the factory.
3. My flat is completely new and very expensive.
4. The terrorists hijacked a plane in Madrid.
5. Mrs Thatcher was re-elected in 1983.
II Find subjekt og verballed i f0lgende sretninger, og skriv dem i rubrik-
ken:
subjekt verballed
1. My brother has been ill
2. There were mice everywhere
3. To be a teacher demands great courage
4. What shall we do with the drunken sailor?
5. What makes you so sure?
~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~
Ill Angiv, hvilke tider verballedet har i f0lgende sretninger, samt om sret-
ningerne star i aktiv eller passiv:
tid aktiv/ passiv
1. The girls loved to sing
2. The Head was teased by his students
3. The mechanic has fixed the car
4. The bill had surprised the owner of the car
5. He will try to repair the car himself next time
~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~
6. Many songbirds are killed in Southern Europa
~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~
7. Many animals die during the winter
~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ ,
8. The fire had not yet been discovered
120
IV Angiv, hvilke ord, der er adjektiver, og hvilke der er adverbier i fel-
gende sretninger:
adjektiver adverbier
1. Han har et ganske godt hus
2. Han synger ganske godt
3. Hun er ualmindelig smuk
4. John Cleese er sjov og normalt noget uartig
5. Manser sjreldent gamle mennesker pa
~ - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - ~
gaden om natten
V Angiv, hvilke ord der er adjektiver, og hvilke der er adverbier:
1. He ran quickly up the steep hill
2. She suddenly felt very hungry
3. The new candidate worked hard to be elected
~ - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - ~
4. You were really lucky to find that old stamp
5. You've got such lovely eyes!
~ - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - ~
6. He could hardly be expected to remember
~ - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - ~
7. We saw a most peculiar bird
121
Tag et kopi af disse sider fra Fejlst0vsugeren. Oversret udtrykkene fra side 96-98 og skriv
dem ind her. Bemrerk, at nogle ord har to danske oversrettelser.
1: Verbum + prreposition
afhrenge af= ___ _______ _ lead= _ ___________ _
(vrere) afhrengigaf= ______ _ lede efter = __________ _
anklagefor = __________ _ leveaf= ___________ _
ankomme til= I)(omrade) _ _ _ _ _ lideaf= _ _________ _
2)(punkt) ____ _ lyve overfor = _________ _
ans0ge om= _ _________ _ laneaf= _ __________ _
beskylde for= ________ _ menemed = __________ _
( vrere) enigmed - _______ _ mindeom = __________ _
(vrere) enigom = ________ _ mistrenkefor= _________ _
foresla (nogen noget) = ______ _ overbevise om= ____ ___ _ _
foretrrekke fremfor = ______ _ oversrette til= _ ________ _
forhindrei = __________ _ protestere imod = ________ _
handle om= __________ _ prresentere for= _ _ ______ _
helbredefor = _____ ____ _
ryste pa (hovedet) = ______ _
bo1de ojemed = ________ _ rabe efter = _ _ ________ _
introducere i/ pa = ________ _ se efter 1) passepa= ___ ____ _
introducere til= _ _______ _
2) vrere pa udkig efter/
irriteret over= ________ _ _
lede efter = ______ _
kaste efter = _____ _____ _
se pa 1) iagttage = _______ _
kiggepa = __________ _
2) betragte, anse
klage over= __________ _ for at vrere = _______ _
klare= ___________ _ sen de bud efter = _ _ _ _____ _
kommei tanke om= _ ______ _ sigte pa = ___________ _
kommetil= ___ _______ _ skemed = _ _ _ _ ___ ____ _
kommentere = _ _ _______ _ skrigeaf(smerte, etc.)= _____ _
kurere for= __________ _
skyde efter/ pa = _ _ _ __ ___;_ _ _ _
k0repa(cykel) = _______ _ smile til= _ _______ _ _ _ _
122
sporge efter = _______ __ _
tro pa 1) om noget er sandt
stemmeom = _________ _ eller ej = _______ _
stemmepa = _________ _
2) eksistensen/ betydningen af
stirre pa/ efter = ________ _
(Gud, stjerner) = ____ _
svare pa 1) = ___ ______ _ tvivle pa = __________ _
2)= ______ _
undervisei = ________ _ _
soge (efter) = _________ _ veksle til= ____ ______ _
ventepa = _ _ ________ _
II adjektiv + prreposition
afhrengig af= _________ _
lykkeligover= ________ _
bange for 1) = ________ _
ondmod= _____ ___ __ _
2)= ______ _
overrasket over= _______ _
begejstretfor = ________ _
populrer blandt/hos = ______ _
bevidst om= _________ _
sikker pa = - - - - - - - - - ~ -
chokeretover = ________ _ skamfuldover = ____ ____ _
dygtigtil = _________ _ skrremt over= ________ _
darligtil= __________ _
skuffet over (person) = ______ _
forbavset over= ________ _
skuffetover (noget) = ______ _
forlovet med = ________ _ skyldigi = __________ _
forskrrekket over= _______ _ typisk for= _ ________ _
giftmed= _________ _
uafhrengigaf= ________ _
glad for= _________ _ _
uforskammet overfor = _____ _
god til= __________ _
uhofligimod = _________ _
hofligmod = _________ _ uvidende om= ________ _
ivrigefter = __________ _ vigtigfor = __________ _
jaloux pa = __________ _ vred over= __________ _
karakteristisk for= _______ _ vredpa = __________ _
kritisk over for= _______ _ _
123
III Substantiv + prreposition
bevispa = __________ _ mulighedfor= ____ ____ _
eksempelpa = ___ ______ _ svarpa = _________ _ _
forklaringpa = ________ _ tillid til= __________ _
formal med = _________ _ tillykke med = ____ ____ _
frygt for
tropa = ______ _ _ ___ _
1) (bangefor) = _______ _ trusselimod = _________ _
2) ( velvillig bekymring) = ____ _ undtagelsefra = ________ _
grund til 1) = ________ _ vanskelighed ved = _______ _
2) ________ _ vidneom = __________ _
lrereri = ___________ _ arsagti11) = ________ _
meningom = _________ _ 2)= _______ __
IV Prreposition + substantiv I adjektiv
til en forandring = medvilje=
efter min mening = i det store og hele =
i det mindste = pamarken=
i gennemsnit = paenmade=
ibrand= paforhand=
i spidsen for/ vrere palandet=
ansvarligfor= til st0tte for=
iudkanten= til trods for=
med tog/ fly, etc. = ved et uheld =
124
adjektiver, gradb0jning 46f
adjektiv/ adverbium 50ff
adverbiernes placering 14ff
advice, k'ol:lgruens v. 20
advice, utrellel.igt 59
aktiv 36
allow, VP 39
alt hvad 79
any/ some 75
Indeks
anybody/ anyone/ anything, kongruens v. 20
artikel, bestemt 66ff
artikel, ubestemt 63ff
as possible 54
as usual 54
as/like 104
as/when 104
avoid, VP 40
be 25
bedre middag 4 7
bestemmende relativsretninger 81f
bestemt artikel 66ff
bestemt artikel/possessivt pronomen? 72
blive 106
busy, VP 40
by/ of? 37
can 26f
cannot help, VP 40
cannot stand, VP 40
cause, VP 39
consider, VP 40
definerende relativsretninger 81f
demonstrative pronominer 73
deny, VP 40
der, kongruens v. 20
der, it/ there? 74
dislike, VP 40
do 25
do-omskrivning i not-sretninger 30
do-omskrivning i sp0rgende sretninger 31
egennavne, bestemt artikel v. 70f
enjoy, VP 40
everybody/ everyone/ everything, kongruens v. 20
excuse, VP 40
explain, VP 39
if possible 54
it/ there? 74
falsk komparativ 4 7
few / little 65
finish, VP 40
flertalsdannelse 55ff
following, bestemt artikel v. 66
forel0bigt subjekt, kongruens v. 20
foresla nogen at, VP 39
forklare nogen at, VP 39
fortrelle, VP 38
fremtid 23f
furniture, kongruens v. 20
furniture, utrelleligt 59
f0rdatid m. to have 25
f0rnutid m. to have 25
f0rst 103
125
genitiv 61f
get, VP 38
gradb0jning af adjektiver 46
have 25
hjrelpeverber 25ff
hvor 79
information, kongruens v. 20
information, utrelleligt 59
ing-form efter visse verber 40
interest, utrelleligt 59
kollektiver, kongruens v. 21
komma 81f
kongruens 19ff
konsonantfordobling 101
left/ right, bestemt artikel v. 66
ligefrem ordstilling 11
like, VP 39, 40
like/ as 104
little/ few 65
luck, utrelleligt 59
lange adverbiers placering 17
logisk flertal 58
lots of, kongruens v. 21
lykkes, VP 38
make, VP 38
man 105
may 26f
mean/ think 107
mene 107
mind, VP 40
modalverber, brug 26ff
modalverber, form 26
money, kongruens v. 20
money, utrelleligt 59
most, + bestemt artikel v. 66
must 26ff
madesadverbiers placering 15f
never,+ do-omskrivning v. 30
news, kongruens v. 20
news, utrelleligt 59
nobody/ no one/ nothing, kongruens v. 20
not, do-omskrivning v. 30
not, placering 13
number of, kongruens v. 21
of/by? 37
of-konstruktion, genitiv 62
omsagnsled til grundled 53
omvendt ordstilling 11f
one, + bestemt artikel v. 66
one, brugt som st0tteord 48
one ... the other,+ bestemt artikel v. 66
ordenstal, bestemt artikel v. 66
ordstilling, madesadverbiers placering 15
ordstilling, lange adverbiers placering 17
ordstilling, ligefrem/ omvendt 11f
ordstilling, smaadverbiers placering 14
ordstilling, subjekt-verballed 1lf
ought to 26f
parentetisk relativsretning Slf
passiv 36f
people, kongruens v. 20
126
piece of advice 59
police, kongruens v. 20
possessivt pronomen/ bestemt artikel 72
prreposition + infinitiv - heller aldrig 85
prreposition + that - aldrig i livet 83f
relative pronominer 78ff
right/left, bestemt artikel v. 66
s, v. flertalsdannelse 55ff
s, v. genitiv 61
s,v. kongruens 19
same, bestemt artikel v. 66
sanseverber, adjektiv/ adverbium? 54
shall 26ff
simpel tid 32ff
skal/skulle 28
smaadverbiers placering 14
some/ any 75f
somebody/ someone/ something, kongruens v. 20
sp0rgende pronominer 77
stavning 99ff
stedsprrepositioner I, on/ in/ at 88ff
stedsprrepositioner II, in/ into, about/ around, between/ among, towards/ against 91ff
stedsprrepositioner III, over/ above, under/ below, across/ over, at/by, at+'s/ with 94f
stop, VP 40
stort begyndelsesbogstav 102
st0tteord v. adjektiver 48
subjektsprredikat 53
substantivers flertal 55ff
succeed, VP 38
suggest, VP 39, 40
sretningsadverbier 52
tegnsretning 81f
tell, VP 38
than usual 54
that, kongruens v. 20
that/ this 73
there, kongruens v. 20
there/ it? 74
these/ those 73
think/ mean 107
this/ that 73
those/ these 73
tidsprrepositioner, on/ in/ at/ ago/ for/in/ during 86f
tricky verb patterns 38ff
ubestemt artikel 63ff
udv:idet tid 32ff
undskylde at, VP 40
utrellelige substantiver 59f
verb patterns 38ff
verbalm0nstre 38ff
verbets tider 22
verdenshj0rner, bestemt artikel v. 66
vii/ville 28
want, VP 39
when/ as 104
which, kongruens v. 20
who, kongruens v. 20
will 26ff
worth, VP 40
Y -+IE 100
0nske at, VP 39
127
TEC
HTX- LYNGBY
Ill\ 11\\ \Ill 1\\11\ II\ 1\11\1\1
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