-1-

Low Voltage Surge Protection Device (SPD)

Low Voltage Surge Protection Device (SPD)
Low Voltage Surge Protection Device (SPD) Low Voltage Surge Arrester Transient Voltage
Surge Suppressors (TVSS) Surge
Surge Suppressors

100 kA

15 kA

15 kA
30 kA
40 kA

100kA
15kA 40kA 30kA

1 30
kV

DIAC ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd.

-2Surge

(Breakdown)

Surge Protection Device

A device for limiting the surge voltage on equipment

by discharging or diverting surge current

Surge
Surge SurgeTransient

TransientNoise
Transient Noise
Transient: at least two times systems RMS voltage
Noise: less than two times systems RMS voltage
Transient
Transient ()
Transient
(Lightning)
(Utility operations)
(Internal disturbances)
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-3

(Lightning)

1.
20kV
2. 1

a) 20% 1 stroke
b) 80% 2-25 strokes
c) 5-6 strokes
3. 1
a) Average single stroke current=35kA;Max.=300kA(
1%)
b) Multiple stroke from14-40 kA with total time1/2 -1 sec.(
Stroke)
c) Longduration from 10-100 A for up to 1/2 sec
4. 2-20

Transient(Utility operations)
Transient(Utility operations)Transient


Capacitor bank closure
Feeder circuit closure
Shared power line issues
Transient(Internal disturbances)
Transient(Internal disturbances)
Transient
Transient

Inductive load switching (large motors)
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-4 Harmonic issues (non-linear loads)

Fuse operations
Transient
TransientTransient

- Industrial equipment
- Flashover
- Salt intrusion
-
Transient Voltage
Transient Voltage
-
- (Restart)
-
Low Voltage Surge Protection Device (SPD)

Transient 1 PhaseSurge Protection Device
MOV
Surge Protection Device

Zs
Vo

Line
ZP

Zp
Voc
VP =
Z +Z
p s

Neutra

- Surge , Zp,Surge ProtectorOpen Circuit

DIAC ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd.

-5- Surge(Voc)Surge ProtectorProtector

Surge
Surge
SurgeProtector(Zp)
(Zs) Surge
Protector(Vp)Surge Clamping letthrough voltage
- SurgeProtectoropen circuit

Zp,Surge Protector Surge Protector

Surge
ProtectorProtector
Zp = Zleads + Zinternal

Vp = (

Zleads + Zinternal
) * Voc
Zleads + Zinternal+ Zs

1. Surge Protector
Protector

2.
(VpZs)

Low Voltage Surge Protection Device (SPD)

DIAC ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd.

-6surge protection
100%
Surge Protection MOV
MOV
Surge Protection
V
Peak Voltage(Ignition)

Working
Voltage

Selenium
Max I Limit

MOV
SAD

Ideal Device
Spark Gap
Transient Current

MOV
1. (SAD)
2.
3. ()
4.
5. Ideal device(SAD)

Surge Protection
Surge Protection
- Surge Protection
- MOVSurge
Surge)
-
-
Surge Protection
Surge Protection UL 1449 Second Eeition
surge Protection( .)

Surge Protection Device (SPD)

Surge Protection Device
DIAC ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd.

-71. Surge Protection

2. Surge protection device
3. surge protection device

1. Surge Protection
Surge protection device
-
-

Surge Protector
Is this a high lightning location of the country?
Is this a rural or urban environment?
Is this the tallest building in the area?
Is the building on a hilltop?
Is there equipment within the facility supporting critical or expensive to repair loads?
Does the area have a transient history ?
Is this at the end of a feed or grid?
Is the facility fed by underground or overhead lines?
Will the facility house large inductive loads?
"SurgeCalcTM" program

3 415/240V WYE 4 x 0.5%

3 400/230V WYE + 2 x 0.5%
Surge Protection device Service voltage configuration 4
Service voltage configuration 7
Protection deviceno load voltage
Surge protection 5%
(Over cooking) Service voltage configuration 4

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-8Service Voltage Configuration

#

Voltage/Phase

#Wires
(+Ground)

120/240 2P

3 Wire

120/208 3P

4 Wire WYE

120/240 3P

4 Wire DELTA

277/480 3P

4 Wire WYE

480 3P

3 Wire DELTA

240 3P

3 Wire DELTA

220/380 3P

4 Wire WYE

347/600 3P

4 Wire WYE

600 3P

3 Wire DELTA

2. Surge protection device

IEEE C62.41 Surge Protection device
Loacation Category C , supply side of main LV distribution board
loadLV distribution board
Loacation Category B Category C A Distribution board , Sub-distribution board
20 Category C
Loacation Category A Category C 20 Plug-in equipment

DIAC ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd.

-9-

3. surge protection device

Surge Protection DeviceSurge Protection device

-
- Mode of protection
-
- Tracking Filter
- Modular design
- Redundant
- Monitor and alarm system

Surge Protection device

- 1 Surge Surge Protection device 40kA Surge 40
kA 1
- Surge Surge Protection device 40kA Surge 10 kA
100 Surge 1 kA 1000 (
Surge Protection device)
SurgeSurgeSurge
Surge Protection devicecounter
scale
Surge protection device(Exposure level)
Surge "SurgeCalcTM" program
Surge protection device UL1449
Category
Category C
System Exposure level
Peak Voltage
Peak Current
10 kA
20 kV
High
5 kA
10 kV
Medium
3 kA
6 kV
Low
System Exposure level
High
Medium
Low

Category B
Peak Voltage
6 kV
4 kV
2 kV

Peak Current
3 kA
2 kA
1 kA
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- 10 Category A
System Exposure level
Peak Voltage
Peak Current
500 A
6 kV
High
333 A
4 kV
Medium
167 A
2 kV
Low
Surge Protection device Category
APT Category C3(High) 5000 Surge protection device
Mode of Protection
Mode of Protection Surge Protection device Surge Protection device

- MDB .NeutralGroundMDB Surge Protection device
1.Phase Phase(L-L) 2. Neutral phase(L-N)
- Load Panel .NeutralGround Surge Protection
device 1.Phase Phase(L-L) 2. PhaseGround(L-G) 3. Neutral
Ground(N-G) 4.PhaseNeutral(L-N)Neutral
- Sub-load panel .NeutralGround
NeutralGroud Surge Protection device 1.
Phase Phase(L-L) 2. PhaseGround(L-G) 3.PhaseNeutral(L-N)
- Load single phase .NeutralGround Surge
Protection device 1. PhaseGround(L-G) 2. Neutral Ground(N-G) 3.Phase
Neutral(L-N)
- Load Three phase Neutral Neutral Surge Protection
device 1.PhaseGround(L-G)

Surge Protection device

Surge protection device

- 200 kA fusing MOV

- Short Circuit Current Test Surge ProtectionBusbar

Tracking Filter
Surge Protection DeviceNoise Filter NoiseTrack
Sinewave NoisedB AC tracking filter with EMI/EFI
filteringAPT Noise 50dB 100kHz to 100MHz
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- 11 Modular design
Surge Protection device 2 MOV
MOV

MOVModule
MOV
Surge portection device
MOV
MOV
Redundant
Surge portection device
MOV Surge portection
device 2
Surge portection device Redundant
ModuleMOV Surge portection deviceRedundant
Busbar MOV
Monitor and alarm system
monitor MOV
Audible Alarm Surge portection device ,Dry contact
remoteAutomation Surge Counter transient

DIAC ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd.

- 12 .
Low Voltage Surge Protection Device (SPD)
Sparkover of Clearances : Sparkover in this context is defined as the unplanned arcing between electrical components
thereby limiting maximum transient voltage in a system. (240V. and 480V. system have sparkover level between phases
or between phase and ground of about 6000V.,defined in IEC664.1980-1980)
Surge Let-Trough : That part of the surge that passes by a surge protection device with little of no alteration. Let-trough
voltage tests are defined under IEEE C62.45 and UL1449
Exposure : Various exposure levels have been defined under IEEE C62.41 based on surge voltage compared to withstand
requirements.
Insulation Degradation : Insulation Failure as a result of voltage transients can occur in two modes: a disruptive
flashover that leads to permanent damage or progressive loss of quality of the insulation where several successive
sparkover lead to permanent insulation damage.
Phase Angle : The point on the sine wave at which the transient occurs. IEEE indicates that transients can occur at any
phase angle.
Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage(MCOV) : Maximum allowable continuous sinusoidal voltage(RMS) at 5060Hz. If the suppressor is exposed to a continuous voltage higher than RMS voltage stated in the specification, The
suppressor will suffer damage. The suppressor MCOV should be 15% greater than the nominal system operating voltage
to ensure suppressor with stands temporary over voltage conditions.
Peak Surge Current : Maximum current allowed for a single 8/20microsec. impulse wave form with continuous voltage
applied. The amount of peak surge current required will depend upon location of device in the operating system and
physical geographic location of the facility.
Noise Attenuation : The device's ability to filter unwanted higher frequency noise over a given frequency bandwidth.
Response Time : The time in which a suppression device responds to a transient measured in nanoseconds.
Protection Modes : Protection mode indicates the devices ability to protect different paths of transient activity. Transients
can occur on any mode such as line-to-line, line-to-neutral, line-to-ground and /or neutral-to-ground.
Lead length : the length of leads, whether integral to the unit of adds for field installation, represents one of the most
important parameters in testing the performance of units and in minimizing voltage let-through.
Input Power Frequency : Frequency range in which the supperssor operates with out causing damage to supperssor or
equipment, or interference with the power signal.
Weight : Weight of supperssion device.
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- 13 Listings : Statement of independent laboratory testing, for safety and/or performance.

Let-through Voltage : The Maximum peak voltage occuring within 100microsec. after the application of a test wave.
Dynamic Test : Test conducted with normal operating voltage applied.
Static Test : Test conducted with no normal operating voltage applied.
Positive or Negative Polarity : Indicates direction in which the surge occurs.
Voltage : The peak transient voltage which is applied to unit under test according to ANSI/IEEE C62.41-1991.
Amperage : IEEE has developed wave form guidelines for testing. In this guideline, discharge current are given as 200A,
500A and 3000A. These values, when combined with the appropriate transient waveshape represent possible transient
activity according to ANSI/IEEE C62.41-1991.
Difference between transient voltage surge and noise : As defined by amplitude, transient voltage surge are different
than electrical noise. Generally transient voltage amplitude which exceeds two times the norminal peak voltage of the
electrical system. Noise generally implies a transient voltage amplitude of less than two time the nominal peak voltage of
the electrical system at the frequency.
Creast Value(peak) : The maximum value that a wave, surge or impulse attains. It is generally associated the front of a
wave.
Clamping Voltage : The peak voltage accross the surge protection device.
Operating Duty Cycle : One or more operations per unit of time as specified.
Pulse Life : The number of surges of a specified voltage and current amplitude and waveform to be applied to a SPD
without causing a change of more than 10% in the clamping voltage.

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- 14 .
Low Voltage Surge Protection Device (SPD)
ANSI/IEEE C62.11 - 1993 : This standard applies to metal oxide surge arresters designed to repeatedly limit the voltage
surges on 48 Hz to 62 Hz power circuits by passing surge discharge current and automatically limiting the flow of system
power current.
ANSI/IEEE C 62.33 - 1982 : This standard applies to varistors for surge protective applications of systems with dc to 420
Hz frequency and voltages equal to or less than 1000 Vrms or 1200 VDC. This standard contains definitions,services
conditions and a series of test criteria for determining the electrical characteristics of these varistors.
ANSI/IEEE C 62.41 - 1991 : A practical basic is provided for the selection of voltage and current tests to be applied in
evaluating the surge withstand capability of equipment connected to utility power circuits, primarily in residential,
comercial and light industrial application.
ANSI/IEEE C 62.45 - 1992 : Guidance is provided for applying surge testing to AC power interfaces of equipment
connected to low voltage AC power circuits that are subjected to transient overvoltage.
CSA C 22.2M - 1986 : CSA guideline for compliance with Canadian Electrical Code for bonding and grounding and
surge suppressors.
FIPS PUB 94 : Federal information standard publication 94 guidelines for federal data processing centers and covers the
complete environment for installing computers.
IEEE std 1100 - 1992 Emerald Book : IEEE Recommended Practic for powering and grounding sensitive electronic
equipment.
IEEE std 446- 1987 Orange Book : IEEE Recommended Practic for Emergency and standby power systems for
industrial and commercial applicationl.
MIL std 280A : The Military standard for measuring filter attenuation using the 50 ohm insertion loss method.
NEC Article 280 - 1,2,4,12,21,25 : This covers general requirements, installation requirments, ad connection requirments
for surge suppressors installed on premise wiring systems on circuits of less than 1000 Volts.
NEMA Standard Publication No.LS 1 : This document pertains to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association
proposed standard for surge suppression.
UL 1449 Second Eeition : The UL test procedures incorporate recommendations from IEEE C62.41, C62.45 and UL
designed safety tests. The safety testing focuses on mechanical and electrical failure mode and insures that the suppressor
being evaluated fails safely.
UL 1283 : This UL listing is the safety testing procedure for EMI/RFI filters.
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- 15 UL 67 : This UL listing is for panelboard interiors. This is a safety listing describing clearances, heat disipation, and
conductor material and sizes.
UL 50 : This UL listing is for panalboard enclosures. This is a safety listing that describs the size and material used for
panelboard enclosures.
UL 845 : This UL listing is for motor control centers and pertains to suppressors mounted internal to a motor control
center bucket.
UL 857 : This UL listing is for busplug devices and pertains to a suppressor mounted internally to a busplug unit.

DIAC ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd.