GC ej dH N gh ?

a f dG dG M ej qa g
q dGh VQC G X ch ,SGdG dG Gg X c GdAJ
qo T b jhdG GLC G g GC J gh ?q dGh dGh
?bO jRGeh jH f
d aT HLGC Y s J S dG Gg N e fGE ,f
YE Gh gdG fGC J MQ haJ Sh ,SC G
MGC Y dG e c N J dG qGC aJ Sh .f bdG
.hdG aGC a dG d j M IQU

dD G Y
,1956 Y IfG j hQg g Qe SG j dG dD G dh
eh ,fSG eL dGh SG S Qe eL dG SQO
.Gh dGh SdG YVe dG e dG dD G f 1980 Y
jf jR J dG YG e c d dD c he j hQgh
dGh jhQGdG H KdG JQG Y Jh YGe Hh ,QdG
djGh fdGh fGh jfG G c H LJ bh .jedG
jdGh SdGh fcdGh fhfGh ShdGh jddGh HdGh fdGh dJdGh fSGh
G SdG c SJh G WJ j hQg ch .GdG J Wh jdGh jOQhGh
a g MGh g M QJ c f ,JLh bGYGh gQYG Y dG H ,G Zh e
.dM e aG (AT c Y QOdGh HC Gh RC G) dG OLh jG J N e SdG QGe

QdG GE
J jdG g CG g jhQGdG jdG Qf UN a J AGQh dG
,G M jhQGdG fCG CG a .jG SdG c Y j dG IYdG
dG OLH dG Gbh hCG fjOCG Y hdG J ,dG OLh M dHh
,jdG Y j kLGh jdG g MO j dd .INCG S HQCGh G N
,c e c e cCG GC j CG Qd UdG J b .e c Y dhDe Jh
.VG Gg a f ka f CG jCJQG dd
jBG AV Y dG g c dhJ dG fEG YVG L T
J dG YVG c MT .fe e dGh dG c EG SdG YJ gh fBGdG
SCG N e QdG gP DhdG hCG d kfe J jH fBGdG jBH
YLG dG L AGq d c JdG YG dG dGh dG
e QdG q dG FGhdG SCG Gg .Jh e J CG dG jGh
,H hj h fMhdG QeCG aj jdG dhCG M ,IMGh L dG IAGb
.H YbG ANEG e Gj h dG g JMG dG FH GhKCJ
e dhj hCG Oe H dDG c e Zh dG Gg GC j CG Qd
Ie bG ha e IOSG Zj jdG dhCG eCG .YL be N
.jNBG EG HQ Y dGh JYfH AOEG e S fEG PEG Gk L
eN j dG Ld c dG dG g VYh IAGb gG CG EG aVEG
hjj jd f dd ,bEG jZ SCH dG g FG VY . jd
.kGc kfY d J dG g EG :jNBG EG jdG f
id ,dG jf IOLG dG g e P Y j CG Qd G e
.IGh G jdG OGH dG QOG g VJ dG dG
J hCG Jd T f Lh ,dG e Z c dG Gg d
Fj VhY hCG Ve YVe VY eZ SCG hCG ,dG c Y J
.dG GfG EG ODJh dG J

MQ
3

dG

j hQg

dD G M
fCG CG H ,1956 Y IfCG j hQg QG SG j dG JdG dh
h ,SG eL S Qe eL GOBG SQO ,IfCG fdGh FGHG J
MJ dG JHH Qe Jc j hQg . jdGh SdG c QGUEH CGH fdG
.IeG jedG LdjjEG e ITG Jbd VJh jhQGdG
jnsdG sd Ibe icP ''j''h ''hQg'' SG e ,QG hCG dG SG j
dG g j dG G JQ ec dG Y dG G j H ,OEGh dG HQM
kG f CGh ,jhdG dG NBG g dG BGdG CG EG dG G j .G Gg
SCG f ag JdG Vh dGh BGdG AV h .dG N g Sh Y dG U
G c d d ,jd jOG cG Y J dG YGG c HEGh cdGh jOEG
.g aGgCG Y YEG H c H e dG G Ggjh ,INCG
Y Jh ,SdG EG fBGdG dSdG f gh MGh g M dDG c L QhJ
.NBG dGh dEG OLdGh fEG YVH dGh dH EG
eh ,jeCG EG dG e AGdG e SGh jd Ic H j hQg c J
fdG EG c H LJ bh ;fSEGh jRGdGh SdGh GdHh fhfCG EG GfEG
.fhfCGh ShdGh fdCGh HdGh jOQCGh dJdGh fCGh jfEGh
SCa ,eDG EG jJh ,dH EG EG eDG Z IYO JFa dG g KCG d
.QdG Y dGh jdG KCdG fe kFf j dG g H J dG Gh dG
e f C ke j CG L H gG jh dG g GC j Qb CG Y G e
C ,H WY e e dP a ,Y adG AGd j MCG H dh .jOG dG GfCG
dG OLh GH J dG LdjjEG L EG .SSCG e dG J J dG g
.j hQg c EG Oj dGh dG MoO b
f AGQh e JdG gh ;MVhh BGdG M e Ie FG g CG T
dG dh ,dG EG Ud dG jdG Y j jdG dhCG eN g dG g
.g c f AGQh e Oe g Lj fCG Y IhY ,IdG hCG
YCG J dG ,dG g IAGb Y jNBG j jdG Ea ,FG g AV Yh
.H QJ eN ej ,d jOdG jW EG gTJh Hbh
fEG OJh QdG gP jdG e kYf J dG dG bJ j ,iNCG L e
g eCG ,Gh bd e ,SdG b e dG MGREG KDJ h ,LdjjEG Va EG
HOCG IdG Y cJ fc d QdG Y dG KCG Gg d J fCG VGdG a dG
MdG dG CG ij CG dH j eh ,dEG j dG edG dG e cCG Jd
.ffEG dG jJh dG g g j hQg d

d Gg ej eSEG dG j dG YGdGh dG dG CG EG IQTEG e H

IOdH EG j d Ggh ,IadG LdjjEG f LdGh G dG jO Y OHG f EG
d VY dG fBGdG FGdGh dG EG LdGh ,G gG J Y dGh EG e EG
,QedGh OdG jhg f H J dGh jOG dG dM EG dHh .kGQSO d d dG dN
.SG bdG f b ...EGh FGOCG e H LGh g
S dG Hh ,FdG QhdG Gg JY Y NCG b j hQg Y EG :b GPEG df
Yh dG IOdGh dGh dG dN e jdG dG T S dG SdG dG g
.dG BGdG H
JL dG QGdG ,fSGh jOdG ,jG SG dG :JdG YCG J
aj SEG ,TdG :jhQGd jedG LdjjEG ,TeCG Y YdG ,dG Y jhQGdG
,BGdG n b ,ScddG OGM AGQh ,gQEG OGM AGQh ,SdG G dG ,gQEG
,QdG YN ,dG EG j dG ,2-1 FM fehdG :dG S ,3-2-1 YVG
Y bO HLEG ,kGDS jY QdG jf QfG ,dCG hC ,IFdG CG , ,QdG jPcCG
M ,e c dG ,GdCG dG RYEG ,gdG dG ,Sj dG ,Se dG ,jQdG
Y dG e FGQ Ph dG H ,dG dG ,dG jW BGdG ,dG Gg IM
IG ,IQdG Ie ,QdG Mh OG ,gJ ,dG N ,ka CGH b jedG ,GG
IG ,dG IG ,JdG G Ie ,dG IG ,YG RG Ie ,G
S ,G QdG ,Id G UCG ,dG IG ,dG f IG ,VdG
QGSCG ,JhdG IG ,FdG cdG AGG IG ,dG jo dH ,GG e
. DNA
bG ,GG Y MQ ,dG MQ ,dG N Ge :WCd JdG c h
Y ,G dG IM kYS 24 ,fEG L GG ,2-1 G dG e ,dG
.SOdG :IG G IH ,JEH N j dG ,dG ,QdG FbUCG
npdG ,BGdG SSCG gG :fBGb YVe hJ dG iNCG JdG YCG Jh
,G :eDd G ihCG ,gG g ,3-2-1 Ed jS a ,BGdG bNCG
,aG QGSCG ,BGdG aG T ,dG S IdG ,BGdG Y ,BGdG fMhdG dG
,QdG H ,BGdG e HLEG ,BGdG SSCG gG ,BGdG dOGh dSdG J ,dG ASCG
,BGdG IdG ,dG J ,gG jO ,KdG ,dG :oG fEG hY ,SdG ce
fEG T ,G BGdG MCG ,kGHCG J ,dG j ,BGdG YdG gCG
CG b ,eG EG ,gGdG dG M ,BGdG e eY Qe ,BGdG dG gCG ,gG
,BGdG IG G ,mGB Y dG ,dG SHc ,dG N ,eDG MQ ,SQ J ,J
,jQdG Y SEG d VJ dG GAGaG ,Sj SQe ,3-2-1 dG dL e Y
j dG ,BGdG QGSCG H ,BGdG dG j c ,f J GP ,dG c JG gCG
.BGdG EG j jdG dhCG ,BGdG dGh dG ,e c

jG
10................................................................. Ne
14.......................................... dG N :hC G dG
14........................................ !T dG j e
22..................... dG JGh (dG QfG) H dG

24..................................... QfG Y f dG dG
28.................dG CH dG BGdG IOQGdG eG
30.................................................dG :dG dG
31........................................................... Gq ```G
36..................................................... fdG QO I
39................................................................. dG

40...................................................... dG dG
43............................................................... dG
47.................................................. dG HPL Ib
51............................................................. cGdG
55....................................... iNCG jhdG LCG
58............................................... VQC G:ddG dG

8
58............................... VQCG jH YCG dG jRGG
64.............................................. dG VQCG be
69........................................................ VQCG IQGM
73....... iNCG jhdG LCG e jMh VQCG M
76..................................................... QdGh G

77...................................................... fcdG G
81....................................................... G dG
89....................................... J G dG eAe
92..................................................... IFdG dG
96........................................................ QeCG QGe
98....................................IMdG GdCG P b Sb

9
103............................................. dd Aj dG dG
105...............................................SGGh QdGh dG
110................................................................... N

``N``e

fCG dG ZCG ?a f dG dG c a g
dP a GPEG Mh ,e H VG Gg GhJ
.dG Gg Y U f Y GJ CG YSH a
ge .eCG H N e d dP VJ hf Sh
a Q .dP Gha ,dH EG Oj CG AT ShCG
fCG YG Qh ,gbCG EG gbCG e a J dG jG
Lh j dG OdG b e eh .JEG e jZ Y
j e jCG eh .qJG jZ dEG dH gh aGWCG
eCG f CG j dh .GL IH iNCG OH EG aS b
d ac dP j a eH fdG d d a !dG
e VQCG J dG G CG dP .dG JG QGe
!!QdG e IQP H g dG
O Rhj VQCG ca !CN d S e EG

10

Y Jh MJ fE a Ic S Y GQdG e d J dh Y
?VQC G X Y f GC eGC c ej a a ,M .VQC G

11

GL d Vj G Gg CG fh .dG Gg e QZ M
.dG Y
iSJ dG VQCG Gha BG ,AMCG WCG jCG
J j a .dG dG Gg e GL U M
EG hJh ,IQo
q G VQCG g X Y J dG JH
.IdG g Lh Y SQ dG dG Y SQGe
Y Vhh Ic cj dhJ GPEG !GL Gha BGh
GQdG d a ,IdG GQdG e Y gX
CG hOh fCG eCG .dP d dH ?gX Y J CG
X Y FbUCG e dG ec Jh J fEa GhJ
.IQG VQCG g

IdG g J a .jCG dG GL Ghah

c g ?QdH c ,AdH c ,G
c g ?MdH GJh dG EG GgJ CG feEH
dG FeR e hCG JFY e GLJ CG feEH
T GJ CG feEH j !c ? L eh
Y j CG Fc C j dG GfH fC .dP e
QTCGh JdG eEH dc j dh .VQCG Lh
h f dG dGh dG M h GGh adGh
jCG e MC h fGNEGh FbUCGh JeCGh FHB
.gX Y j CG
CG j dGh VQCH G G Ggh

12

13

GL jQhV g FN e H J eh jhdG GLCG

T iNCG eCG Vf CG jCG feEH fCG T h .J
.eCG g e H d f S dG Gg h .H
J Sh dG J S eCG g N eh
a e GqJ CG Y jh .HGZ e a e H
g CG K Y Gfch .FbUCGh FHBGh JeC
.fj eY HYEG J S dG VGG
Y j dG eG N e J Sh
a AT ch dG Gg N dG g J dG CG dG Gg
dGh dG N J fCG hJ Sh .Lh MCG Y
LCG d aj f Y dG AT c QNHh ,VQCGh
.IGh MGdG SCG
...dG Gg NGO MQ e f BGh

hC G dG

dG N
?GWCG eGG dG Gg Lh c ej dAJ g
?dG Lh ch ?dG VQCG g Lh ch
Gg H g ?dG X ch ?dG Lh ch
fL EG jZ GLCG a J dG CG J g ?eCG
GLCG g OLh CG J g ?dGh dGh VQCG
?dG RGdG e SM f EG j MGh mBG
Y HLEG e jH MQ BG f Sh
hCG dG Gg J dG N c dN e fh SCG g
.Ie

!T dG j e
,AdG Y dG AdG j fEG c VG
VG bh Lh dG IQG FSdG j fC
SdG c dG Gdh .eRdG dG AGLEG LCG e
dG QX CH e GOYGh jZ GQaCG j

14

15

.RCG dG CG HGZ cCG QaCG g H eh .Ie hC

Y d j CG hO- dj G SdG H CG
.d jGH dG CG -c
hCG a GL Gha !IH e Z dG Gg EG
dG QdG g EG H ,FfEG O jQJ d SQe
Y j f eCGh .e jQJ c b fhCGJ
e MGh a ,jCG fCG Y cCdHh FHBGh JeCG
Zh G FdG L CG j Ggh .e jQJ dh b
d'' fCH da dG Gdh .e jQJ X b G
dG EG j J g ''RCG e OLe gh ,jGH d
.WEG Y
GJ :G Gg f aCG VG Gg GJ dh
GPa , aOUh MU SQG EG jW fCG
dG Gg U b Jqf EG'' dS fCG T ?hQJ
Gg c'' FbUCG MCG b GPEG ,M .''G Gg ebCGh
h g OLe a ,MCG j h ,RCG e g OLe dG
EG T H dJ S ?fCG dS GPa ,''d jGH
H fEG dJ Sh ,jd LPS GJ j jU
?dc dCG ,U b fU e a KCG d
e OLe dG CH dj jdG Ea dG g h

f U e jGC g C H fcj Ggh ,QH a U b dG Gg GE

AJ e j GC AT fGC j Ggh ,iNC G GOLG Lh jGC
.f

CG j dG jU e LGS cCG GJ hj RCG

.dG e b e U dG C .dG e OLe dG
e fC dG H GMCG e H Qj a dG eCG
.bQN jRGeh fCG eh Ic GLCG e
j KCG dG HCG QJ CG Gh
HCG a .jd IYe RCG dG CH dG CG d
jh .IO jGH -dG dP -AT d CG KCG
Oe jQJ d CG KCG e hCG Hg jhOCG dG dG
dG :dH ccf CG SCH dh aJ fCG) .O

16

17

J Hd ch .(AdG Y MdG g dG
AdG bGj JOc c 1929 Y jCG e j h ,V
.ce dG CG EG UJh ,dG RH
Y J dG C ,fH J J dG gh
CG j Ggh .dG H Y J dG dch .QGSH
.JG dM PEG da ,dG H Y j AT c
dG eCG ,Y Fe b G g j fEG j
Yh dG H Y J dG CH dj AdG a
.dc VQCG
.dG N CH GL e dO g dG cMh
fc fCG j QGSH dG H Y dG OHG C

ijh .jGdG IMGh f L

b fc dG OGe L CG AdG
We f Y IQY S Qe 15
f AdG gQfGh dG g QfGh .IHEG SCGQ M
.dG Gf dG dG Gg Y
:Jehm e H BG M MTe dh
.QGSH ce dG ,hCG
.QGSH Y J dG L ,fK
jL e J dG Ea AGQdG EG edG LQ d ,dK
c dG j M j LdG Ggh .dG H e
.IMGh f e
CG .eY dG g J d cCG LQ GPEGh
.N dG g J dG CG ,T j CG H X dG
dH f ddG KdG dG SCG N eh
.e T dG UCG c
?IMGh S b cY c c
.MGh H BG e bCG cY CG T H dJ S
Y fCG dG dG e bfG dRJ HM M GPEG
?jdG dEG S dG dG ga ,BG
dG g Ggh .MGh g dP NBG EG GdJ CG H

18

19

dG eCG .JOh e MGh Y H dEG Uh dG

gh ,dG S EG H a GJ a a dh dG hCG
.dG dH Y GhJ CG dG
c c !JOh j dG dG BG Gha
?c jCGh ?bdG dP cY
cCG fEG'' S GDdG Gg Y GG CG T
j JeCG CG dG Ga .''bdG dP GOLe
.eY c bdG dP a ,H H
MJ S fEa cQYC dRJ HM jLCG dh
e j Y c a .eY fc eLCG CG jdG
.cCa cCG eLCG J RdG G Gg cQYCG
MGh c Oj C eLCG dG Gg UGj K
M CG H dG Gg UGj K .eCG H L e
.JeCG H e e GJ
f dG dG e bfG G GE LQ GPGE
.T f jC G e j fGC Mf ,a

b eY c a ,dG Y j f eCa Ggh

.AGQdG EG H LQ c j dG a ,J dG j CG
.eY jdG K e f EG j M j ,e e fEG
.'' fCG '' j dG Qa dG g h
Y f eY a :dG eCH cf CG j gh
dGh .''N'' c Y f Lh K GOLe j AT
J dG gh ''dG'' j dG e AT c OjEG j
e GOLe j T Lj CG j jCG fEGh .Mh
.b e IOLe J Md gMCG Sj CG dP eh .b
e IOLe J gh INH j CG jCG fEd h
ATCG SGH EG dP j CG j fEG dh .b
Jge N e EG dP j h ,VQCG Y IOLG
e AT OjEG g a .N j Ggh .d HS eC
Nh dG AT c N J da .e HS H dG
.HS e H g VQCG
eY M a -b e dP fOQhCG ch- fEG eCG
:dP eh .d e J dG b j e IQU Sj
Y SS GPa ,e Ge GSJ CG e f ea
e Yh L h T SS fCG dG ZCG ?bQh
.GH hCG b Sb Qh QTCG

20

GSJ GC g
e hJ Ad IQU
GE ?WE G Y b
dG C Z dP
QOdG g Mh J
hO e G Y
.e HS

21

Y IT GhJ fCG d !kGL Gha BGh ,kM

j ,c ?SH GeJ CG feEH c g ,WEG
Ha c dh T CG dc GJh .dP a feEH
CG fEa ,IQhe dG CH YCG b e T CG
.j T j
dG Ea eCG g N e jCGQ eh !WCG jCG
dG dG J cP bh .G Y QOdG g Mh J
dH G g SdG jGg dfCG dG
.101 :`jBG ,fCG IQS |...p V Qr nC G hn pG hn n s dG o j pHn }

f ??dG dG N c d GdJ ,WCG jCG

G Gg bh c a bJ UCG fCG hcCe
.dG

QfG) H dG
JGh (dG
dG
CG BG aJ fCG
b IMGh f c dG
BG S fh .dG GQe
.dG IdG dG g CGH c
Ggh .AGYCG H d CG fJdG aCG aJ fCG
g H eh .dH jEG LCG e IjY bW j hdG
eh .GG GSG jW g QGSH G dG
fQCG Y QGSH GG j AGYCG CG ,dP
j dG dG hCG (Bugs Bunny) ''H LH'' G
j AMCG HCG ADgh .(Road Runner) ''fQ OhQ'' dG
.Fa YGH GG g e
dP eh .GQfG g e GQfG GJ BGh
GG a ,''H LH'' Y j CG jj dG OdG
j eY j GPa !VQCG OLG Y NGO
L YCG f VQCG e GdG Kj S ?QfG
QfG b GdG M fc d ?dc dCG ,G
GdG M YRJ QfG H dh .dG H e

22

23

.dG H Y YJh IjY L

b OLdG EG X b dG Ea ,WCG jCG Ggh
.Gc QfG jW Y dG GQe
g YRJh .QfG Gg SGH AGLCG fJ d
CGHh .dG H Y HGh IjY GWCG AGLCG
.dG a IOLG LCGh dG
dG QfG Gg jW Y dG N J dG GC H d
QfG Gg jW Yh .(dG QfG) ''H H'' S
gh ,jh j dG GC H dG J e bfGh dG
.BG M EG YJG UGj
:MT e H d iNCG bCG EG CG bh
.c SG AT g j jW S b
.IMGh f M QfG H dG Lh

K ,QfG f X dG J dG LCG EG
.dG H Y J dP H CGH
dG H Y dG IOLG LCG g OHG
.dG JG EG ODj
Y d gedG IQdG Y dOCG g ATCG g c
CG Gj a VQCG e L LG d Mh .qLh
M d Mh .dG dG Gg Y GU e dh Gj
e VQCG Y e c SGh ''H H''`dH T QfG
dG CG j Ggh .dP eEH j a FSh
.qLh Y dG g Gg c HCG dG CGh ,J h QJ d c
IQb CG cCG cQJ S dG VG hCGJ eY BGh
.d M Yh dG

QfG Y f dG dG
QfG K a jCG fCG hJ e e ,WCG jCG
dG j Qfa ,dG g dG H .ef j
a j dG G QdG j CG AT ch .OLG
gh .VQCG Lh Y b ibCG g jQdG dGh .QfG
CG H .a AT q c eq J e e Y J eY dG
.IMGh VQCG Lh Y e eH jb J
J dGh ''H H'' SG Y f dG QfG eCG

24

.QfG GC KGE aOG jW Y e f j GC h ,AT c eJ dG J eY

25

.jQdG HdG GQe QfG e ibCG a dG KEG Y

J QfG Gg KEa ,dG Y c eCG qCG Z
Y fJ Fa jH U dG VQCa .dG jZ f
.QfG Gg KEG
Y jdG dG Gg J c jCGQ M ,M
N dG g J dG EG ,WCG jCG f ?''H H'' G Gg
g J HQ qGC T h .QfG Gg SGH dG e dG
.dG Gg f j dG
.U j CG GG Gg Z GL c EG
H aOH J
q dG CG Yj T c ;dP eh
Vf
q e f gh .c Am Ggo bh b j QfG dP

b dCG d :AGgo Y IQY dG

q GH Ho GL j GP H
,e c edG KJ ?ed j a ,eQ e Y
Y b EG jh e T X GPEG ,M ?dc dCG
Gg j CG H ?dJ GPa ,e QfG f J
g Ggh .jg Y IQY g dj e CG hCG ,f dG
e qJ dG CG Yj T Y j CG e dH
RGJ Y j da ,dP EG aVEHh .f AJ
.eq dG e H fQe GMCG e H GHEGh
Y dO dG H j dG dG dG Ea ,ch
,aOG jH IQdG Y J dG dG J GC G e g e
,(H H) dG QfG KGE aOH J b dG j GC j da
.dE G IQdG Y J j GC G a

26

27

.f AJ e j fCG
Ge ch ,f q ch
gGdG iMEG g
.J dG N Y Y

IOQGdG eG
dG M dG GB dG
dG SQCG dG SG dG g dG BGdG
c dG eG NDJh .jdG EG J
dG c g e S a .dG BGdG e Ve
QdG J BGdG a f dG IdG CG Z ,J
dG Gdh .dG Lj dG LddGh dG
OQh dG dG GQTEG dG G e j
da dG eCG .INCG GYCG OhM EG a
jL cG ch .Fg GQJ J LddGh
e .dG BGdG AL e e eJ aGJ g CG j
IMGh f e c dG CG e a AL e ,dP
,HdG dG d MT eh .KJh J K
jh .eG J e e e BGdG OQh a
:JBG dG Y dG G g dG BGdG
k rJQn n nfcn n VQr nC Ghn pG hn n sdG sGnC G o nr jn r ndGnC }
30 `jBG ,AfCG IQS | n go n r n n an

28

29

:j c jBG g f CG h
.c dG J ,''GhdG'' c
CH j ,''VQCGh GhdG
q JQ'' J
fc dG IOLG FdG L
.dG H e Ieq VG
Y CH j ,''ga'' J ,GNCGh
jW Y (jRdGh dG CG)p dG
r
.QfG
BGdG Ic iNCG ee gh
EG jG dG UJ dH e dG
g e NBG e BG f Sh .acG
:eG
dGh-Hg dG dG KCG eY
.1929 Y dP c -b e Y K
CG Gh ,a eY 72 b c dP CG
Y 1400 b G g cP dG BGdG
Gg Y dG jBG Jh .ec
:j c VG
47 :`jBG ,jQGdG IQS | n o pS o nd sfGE p hn . . . }

:dG dG

dG
dG jhdG GLCG d f S dG Gg
GLCG g VQCGh dGh dG CG T h .dG J
g CG Z ...gZ e cCG af dGh dEG bCG jhdG
e Gha .YCH fhJ ceCG LJ jhS eGLCG
Y J dG FdG aCG hCG fJdG aCG
dG a OLG AdG j aCG g a !AdG
ker nL e MGh d jh .QdGh cGdGh dH e
d e e LCG g e GQGh .kjq hS
c jhdG GLCG hCG LCGh .Iq G SG Y j e
J EG SdH VQCG Ea ,dP Y ch .Gq L Ic
Y a dP e ZdHh .G IU J cGdG
Y j e Lh Gh Gh fGGh dG gX
.dH

30

31
dG IG NGO MQ UGd ,OQCG GPEG BGh
...dG cGdG e GQG NGO

G q ```G
f CG Yh ) .dG GQe e GG J
.dG e e Ic jhS GLCG dG EG :ddG QeCG
(.cc Oq g EGh d dG hCG VQCa dP eh
fjJ 3 GM EG j I cCG IOLG dG OYh
eCG , Qe 300h 200 H e Y SG IG h .

32

. Qe 100 GM Y a IdG IG
dH Qe bdG j GPe :b fh bd ,gh
Ga ,GU eeCGh MGh bdG Vh GPEG :dP e ?dEG
d GVCG .dCG j fEa ,NBG GU d VCG GPEGh .100 j
g .(BG IY) 10000 BG eeCG j ,NBG GU
dP j b ?BG IY bdG M Ghq J CG feEH
GPEGh .jW eR bh e j S T H dh ,
GVCG ,M .Qe bdG EG f BG EG fEa fG

33

eeCG dG bdG Ea BGh .10000 bdG EG jNBG jU

OY EG UdG f BG EGh .(e) 1000000 g
iNCG QUCG KK Vh GPEG eCG .IG IOLG dG
bdG EG Uh b fJ Fa ,G N
bdG M Ghq J CG gh .(Qe) 1000000000
GY e ej c :GG d d BGh ?Qe
?...Qe bdG EG GJ M dG
dG fJ dG bdG e HbG fCG d BGh
Qe bdG EG jNBG jU BG dh .IG IOLG
dG d g bdG Ga .(Qe Fe) 100000000000
.dG IOLG GG GQe V I UCG
NCG dh ?c QGeh AdG Y cQOCG g BGh
,bJ hOh JM W AdG IOLG dG

.goJ CG GJ d fEa
dG -AdG Gg HCG dG a dN J dG eCG
.dG e -J
dG dG Gg - c -G g J dGh
qeo h ,dG fc j e H Y J a .d q M
BGdG jBG iMEG JQb fS jh .a AT q c Y
:j c dG
Am r n T u co nYn o dG hn p VQr nC G pa en hn pGhn n s dG pa en o nr jn }
.29 `jBG ,GY BG IQS | j pbn
dG GG ae hdh ,YVe EG iNCG Ie dh
.b Y J dG N
Ggh ,Gd Gce SGh IdG GG EG
g ce Mh . Qe Fe GM e fe cG
dG g Jh .ge YH dM QhJ T LJ IG
.QdG Sh GRdGh dG e
jhdG GLCG cCG T e GG cGe qEG
c H a J dG jhdG GLCG gh .AdG
gh .GG BG GG c H LJh .IOe
dG Ggh iNCG c jCG H a J Gd dG
.dG Gg Y UGj G

34

35

:BG EG MT cdh
.dG fjJ e H ,GQe e GG J
cGG gh .SGh IdG Gd cGe LJ
.c T Jh ,I Qe Fe GM NGO
GRdG QZh dG e J T GG cG Lj
.IG ce M Ic YH QhJ dG gh .GdGh
.GG e c d MGh e GG J
.GG e BG IMGdG IG c Lj CG h
.H a jL e J GG ch
Qe Fe e fG IG CG GJ ,Gg c fL EGh
jJ bCG Y g c CG GJ c .IU I J
QhJ dG dG H g dP EG aVEHh ,T M
...U ge eh V g e e iNCG cGc dM
GQ g .GLCG K Gk c Gha BGh ,M
d hCG d gh ?f AJ e J CG dG
cGdG H hCG VQCG dP e) iNCG jhdG LCG
CG hO Y fRGJ e f AJ e J CG (iNCG
?dG H J
AJ e fRGJ hCG ef J CG d GHCG ,c
f dG g eh eh dN g CG j Ggh .f
dG GQe e CG ,gOLh e dG g cM

dG g dG Gg CG T h .dG H J CG hO
bW SQ J dG EG .c dG G J
GLCG gh .AdG dG fGh dGh cGd
.dG H J CG hO AdG J jhdG
!AdG Gg LJ dG J MQ UGf BGh

fdG QO I
QOh .VQCG V LJ dG IG g fdG QO EG
ce fdG Qd j CG dG eh .GL Ic I fdG
GPEGh .IdG GG L CT dP fCT ,Id
.IG ce e Y GG b K a ,hcJ
AGMfGdCG hebCG J cG Gg LJ dG dGh
cCG J a GG T IOLG dG eCG .AGUh
g Lj fCG c .AbQdG dG gh ,HT cCGh HdG
.GdG eh GRdG e S dG
T Ea UCG h ,dd T J IG gh
e Yha d CG .''jdG IOQh'' T e j IG
hdG g MCG jh ,HQCG ha gh .cG e LQN
H eh ,dG Gg ''dG dG'' Ljh .''OdG'' a
.Y f dG VQCG dG Gd fG cGdG
dG g fdG QO Lj dG dG dG qEG

36

37

.fdG QO I VQC G be dG N e j

j fEa Gg Hb e ZdH ,dh .IG ce e jdG

.S e 220 H iS cG M JQhO
GQe e g cM UGj Gg dG fdG QOh
.dG
ge YH QhJ NGO IOLG dG CG e ZdHh
fCG Z .N fOCG hO fRGJh ef Y aM a
gh .dG Gg f AJ eh d J
q CG d
.bdG H qJh GQGb J CG GMCG e M CH J

Jh ,QMCG g Jh !e e IKe IQM GJ

NBG dG jh
q ,cG q e b d '':J CH GQGb
bJ hO ,
q FGO H ah f N f K .hdG
CG g .''f dG dH WEG Y q of CG hOh
T iCGQ fEG bh ,T dEG b GPEGh ,M ?dP J
fCG T ?d dj e bq J g ,dH Gg e
QO CH dj jdG c CG Gh ...bq J CG
dG QGdG ah J dG CGh ,aOH J
q b fdG
HV dG G CT fCT e c g ,H JJG
QGdG JG K ,dG H e QMCG LG M
.dH
eCG da M Z Fc QMCG CG a ,GJ
h hQ H Fc jCG a ,jhdG GLCG EG dH
.QT
g Ljo CG J h QJ dG Z MCG Y j fEG
.bQN ef e qj K GQH J dG dG dG
dG OLH fcj dG M J e a ,dG Gdh
Y Y jCG d jh .G Y IOhdG JQbh J
.geqdG aeh
Y f X dG dG f MQ UGf ,BGh
...jGdG e

38

39
G dh ,VC G SGS hGC SN d J H e dG GE dG Y
.dG dG e dG E a

dG
e G dG e cGdGh dG J
J dG dG gh .AdG jOLG QdGh GRdG
d dh .AdG e e be jhdG GLCG e
HdG a ,dG Gdh ,dG e H UN AV dG
NGH IOLG GRdG J eY jDhQ dh .jDhQ
Qe eY hCG ,iNCG dG AV Y j eY hCG
.eeCG e AdG
q

AdGh IQGG dM dG G EG dG SJ
jZ iNCG LJ c ,GL IU LJh ,bdGh
H ,Y gf dG dG H Kh .dG
.H dG e cCG iNCG LJ
?IO GQYCG J dG CG aJ c g ,M
fCT dh ,kqM Fc d dG EG ,WCG jCG f
. K Jh dJ G FdG CT
GC J K ,dG J da ,b e fcP eh
fEa jf JCJh dG dG e YS eYh .IG
Gg AGLCG eh .dG
q AdG Kjh ,Fg GQfG j
cGdGh da .iNCG cGch J KG dG
fJ dc VQCG cCdHh ,dG dG V IOLG
.dG MC QfG KEG IHdG eRCG
CG dG e n dh ,dG dG d ,BGh
?dG dG M f

dG dG
,cGc Jh dG e ,dG dG j
dG ZGdG Ljh .Gb 61 H j cGdG gh
g dGh .Ic Th fe cGdG g H J

40

41

g cCG
,jhdG LCG
dG b a
cGdG gh .dG
M QhJ dG dG e GAL dG dG
.e H dG M JGP bdG h f
bCG e bfG cGdG ASCG g cfh
;Y MGh HCG EG dG e
jGh VQCGh Sah OQY
fh IgdGh MRh iGh
M e ddG JG JCJ VQCG Ea ,hJ ch .JHh
.dG EG dG
dG d fG cGdG g e cc d
M IQGG e Ic LQO Y ge a .IG FN
Hh ,e e ge eh ,UUdG JQGM jJ
dG M NBG Hh ,GRdG e a j cGdG
.dG M e
cGda ,cGdGh QbCG H c fG g

J J QbCG g Ea Mf eh ,QbCG dEG

J CG eEG QbCG J Ea RGdG dP j dh .HPG
.AdG Jh Y J hCG cGdH
U bCG YH Qhj dG c d fCG ,dP eh
c dh .VQCG jf TH Ggh ,Fa YH VQCH
.dG Gg fdh VQCG Y H cCG YH Qhj
dG dG b dG dG e MQ UGdh
.cCG a eCdh

42

dG

43

GLCG cCG g dG qEG

.dG dG V jhdG
e Jh ,IQGG IjT dGh
dG Gdh .G GRdG H
OJ Fg GQfG fK c S Y
d GQfG g h .jQdG HdG je QfG
dG VQCG M e V Nh HQCG H e EG j
.Y f
GAVh IQGM SJ G IdG J dG dGh
,d c edG d IOLe dG J dh .jjT
,dP c e gCGh .K c Y IQY AT c dh
dHh ,VQCG Y J IG CG b e fcPe gh
.OLh d j
dP hcJ fCG) X Y IQY AdG CG hG e
O g VQCGh ,(AdG aCG N e
dh .dG dG Gg Sh L
Z AdG NBG L g
IQGG j CG dG
.VQCG EG AdGh

.LQO e 12 J a Y eGC LQO GB 6 dG S Y IQGG LQO J

HL fCGh ,GL WS dG e j dG AdG qEG

d dG Oa ,dP GhcJ .U j dG EG dG
h ?dc dCG ,dP fY J dG EG GK
AdG Gg H GL N dG EG dG Ea G
AdG CG c ,fH QdG j CG AdG Ga .WdG
EG H .Ic GQGVCG j CG dG TC dG
J G HdGh M GQKBG J CG TCG g
a UN Hh ,dG e G Ada .jW LY
Y J dG CG Gh ,Gg .GL GjT j dG
2 iS FV e dEG j h ,GedG je VQCG
.dCH

44

H hJh H ,bY J J fE a d R g cGC VQC G GE bGC dG fc d

.J dG U e g bdG jRGG gh .dP

45
GPEGh ,dG e QdG Gg Y dG fc GPEa ,M
S IQGM ga ,QdG GH VQCG Y JQGM fc
?dG
fCG Z .VG Gg jJ ebQCG AdG j
.VQCG af iNCG IQGM CH dG IQGM fQe
,LQO BG 6 J S Y dG IQGa !GL GeCJ
a ...LQO e 12 EG NGO IQGG g JJ H
a ?af iNCG IQGM jCH IQGG g Qf CG j
.dP f CG f LQO N IQGH AG GPEG

.LQO N EG HQCG OhM J dG jCG MCG Mh

dGh VQCG H aG L J dG CG f g eh
M H dEG bCG dG fc a .JG jZ
c d H HCG fc d eCG ,VQCG Y e c Jh
.IG J dG h .Y AT
dG dG WG GH T g Ea G h
EG dHh .dG FGO We a ,b IQGM J
IQGM GP a ,dY IQGM J dG FGSG WG
dH eCG WG g J dG L bh .dG FGO
IM e SJ g Y N a iNCG WG eCG .dEG
fCG a .Jb J dG MQ e Ggh ,G FdG
dG Y VQCGh dG H UdG aG j fS
,HU cCG fch VQCG Y IG d Y g dG
.dSG Q H
J dG Ea VG dG dP H c ,dh
.VQCG Lh Y je IM aj f Y dGh dG N
dGh dG CG dG BGdG jBG iMEG OQh bh
:dG e eCH cj
nYn i n n r SG s oK n nfhr n nJ mn Yn p r npH pGn n s dG n an Qn p dG o dG }
o uHn oj v n oem nLnC p rnj wco n n n dGhn n r s dG n s n Shn p T r n dG
,YdG IQS | n o pb oJ r oHu Qn Ap n p pH r osn nd p jn B G o u n jo n er nC G
.2 `jBG

46

dG HPL Ib

47

CG hO AdG jhdG GLCG cM dG Lj

J dG Vh dG bdG G EG H H j
jhdG GLCG J dG Qa .a J dG ''JGQG''
cc CG g dh .''QGe'' j dG M fGQhO
cGda ,NBG G d QGe Y j CG
dG dG a ,GL GeCJ .HPG IH dG EG IOhe
M gQGe VQCG QhJ QdG g a fCG hCGJ
CG h .YdG e c BG 108 YH dG
YS bCG EG :dG dG Y YdG g eV GaJ
,e c 200 g jOY IQS IOb Y dEG GJ CG
H Ie 540 J YH dG M QhJ VQCG CG j
N e VhCG H eCG f CG h .IQdG YS

dG M fGQhO VQC G YS J
.bdG IQS YS Ie 540

.AdG jGC f dh AT q c n Td B G Y g bGC VQC G HPL fc d

,YdG e c 1800 J UUdG Ya :jCG G Gg

YS M Ie 60 J dG M fGQhO VQCG YSh
.UUdG
jZ dG HPL Ib J ,g FdG VQCG Ya
VQCG Ea dG HPL Ib f M fCG a .gCG
...jf dPh ,jOY Z YH AdG J
Ib IOjR KM d fCG ,U jCG dGh
Fg YH dG f J VQCG Ea dG HPL
.e f S jCG a cCdHh .Jh hJh

48

49

HPL Ib Ea ,dP EG aVEHh

GUG hO dG
H HGbG Y cGdG
ej a g dh ,M .dG
dEG CG d c
?cGdG g
AT c EG ,G
g dN J da .jd VGh
gh ,cGdG g N dG
fRGJ VQC G L J dG GE
dG dH QGSH j dG
fh Y f GC r jo M bO
.jdG
H g dP ch ,a h
a ,dP fL EGh
.T c
g dG g a dG
dG dG NGO IOLG cGdG a .HPG
dEG VQCG HPL Ia ,eh .HPd ib jCG
IO ae Y e dG j HPG g Hh .dG
GUG N e eC VQCG Ea ,dP Hh .VQCG e
VQCG Y dG e dG e dG CG T h .H dG
.AT c Y jdG J h fS dG g
e gh dG HPH T iNCG mHPL oIb gh
.VQCG S HPL Ib gh ,fEG IM EG dH GL

Y Gh cG e dG g VQCG S HPa
.VQCG S
j eY j GPa ,Ic cMCG j CG GhQJ
S HPL C ?dc dCG J IdG EG ?j MGdG
AdG IdG g fc d eCG .SCG EG HL VQCG
AdG f e MGdG j ea .SCG EG J d fEa
S HPa dG Gdh .J VQCG S HPL Ea
.fOLh EG dH GL e VQCG
VQCG S HPa :jCG GL e NBG eCG g dh
g fc a .BG Y g dG dG Y J CG j
h AdG MGdG UC Y g bCG HPG
,jH j CG h ,VQCG Y eb j CG j
j CG jj eYh .QGSH NBG EG e e H jh
g OGR a f eCGh .dH a j IN
j h VQCG S Y j e MGdG Ea ,HPG
.MGR EG j CG h .j CG
N J dG C ,Gg e AT CG d j ,dh
Gg e fh .JM j d T aCH HPG g
Y eCG g a :cCG eeCG eCG j d VG
g CG Z ,dG S Y HPL Ib jCG LJ VQCG
dG Gdh .VQCG HPH gfQb GPEG H VCG HPG

50

gT fCG T h .dG S Y j CG MC
AdG FGQ cM AdH G aCG MCG hCG jdG
dP Y JM c f CG a .dG S Y
.e dP CG T ?dG
HPL J dG cGdG EG IQjH d ,BGh
.MQ UGdh ,dG

cGdG

51

M QhJ dG jhdG LCG Y HdG K

h VQCG Ve hf dG Gg h .dGh cGdG
dG CG Qdh .dG dG NGO IOLG cGdG
.IFGdG J ce g dGh ,IFGO Y IQY dG
bdG h .JH g IFGdG J ce Y cc HCGh
UCG dch dG Y cc HCG g cdG Ga ,f
.Ic HH EG cdG Gg Ige h .cGdG
Gd gH IQU iS dG e j Hg J a
.''IOhdG'' jZ g dG hdG nG Ggh .cdG
AdG a h !dG LQO 238 g a IQGG LQa
LQO Kh LQO H e VQCG IQGG LQO J
dG LQO 238 J dG IOhdG gh .dG
jCG f f CG f dG IOhdG V 100

jG

Igq dG
JH
IOhH fCG j jCG Ggh .AdG
g Hh .JM Y J CG
e c fCch QG e cdG Gg hj IdG IOhdG
.G
H ,dG dG ce NGO H G GPEGh
Ggh .f cc aOJ fEa IFGdG e NGdG dG
Gg IQGG a :''IOhdG'' jZ jCG g cdG
Gg Aa jh .dG LQO 218 g cdG
.fEG EG dH eS GRZ gh ,GRdG e cdG
UGY cdG Gg S Y LJ ,dP fL EGh
.YdG ec 2000 YH Y

52

OQY
f b eJ GPEGh
fEa ,IFGdG ce
g IgdGh .IgdG cc HJ
.dG YG cc cCG dK
,dG LQO 214 cdG Gg Aa IQGM LQO Jh
Gg Aah .IMGh fK fd ac IOhH fCG
.Id M CH j gh ,eS GRZ e e cdG
cc eeCG Of dG f MQ eJ GPEG K
h dG M e fdG JG JCj dG cdG Ggh .MR
G gh .H dG jFGdG H Qe g
.QdGh Gh GRdG e J
g cdG Gg IQGG LQOh
J H IOhdG e jCG
.LQO 178 J IOhH fEG :S Y IH
cc cCG Of b dG H eJ GPEGh
j iG cch .iG cc gh dG YG
GJ dG Gg GJ dh) VQCG cc M Ie 11
Gg hX CG c .(!dG H e Ie kVQCG 11
cdG Gg C ,S Y IH J cdG
.WEG Y Hj jCG Y LJ
cc Of iG cc Hh

53

Sa
iG

VQC G

MR

IM e cc j VQCH Qb GPEG cdG Ggh .jG

Ic SCG LJh .Y j CG M Fc C a ,a
fHc GRZ e j cdG Gg Aa CG dhCG :dd
CG dKh .S Y WEG Y Ae Lj fCG fKh .eS
Y LJ fCG HGQh .dG LQO 53 J IQGG LQO
.QT I J eQ UGYh IjT jQ S
.VQCG gh ,QRCG cdG Hj jG cc Hh
Gg e b NBG cc FN dH f Sh
g VQCa :j BG e cf CG SCH dh .dG
f gHh .S Y IH j dG MdG cdG
f cCG g cdG Ggh .jG cc Hf cCG dG
cdG Gg Ea ,dG Gdh .dGh dG H AdG
cGdG e dG Yh .SdG L H dG e he
.LQO 450 J e IQGM hP cdG Ga iNCG IG
iNCG FG eh .UUdG HGPE ac IQGG gh

54

55

.c fHc W e j Aa CG g jG cd
e c W e j AdG Gg Ea dP EG aVEHh
S Y bJ dG Gdh .Gec a eGG
G Gg e h .Jb M QeCG QGSH cdG Gg
.j CG Fc C
gh .OQY cc Of dG f cCG eJ GPEGh
cdG Gg FN ZCGh .dG EG cGdG bCG j
AH f M fGQhO YS AH jh .f M fGQhO g
JQhO OQY cc j eYh .dG M fGQhO YS
.f M a GQhO K cCG b j dG M
j CG EG iOCG dG Gg Y QdGh dG W Gg QGSGh
dG Gdh .Ge NBG dG H e cdG b MCG
1000 GM EG j QdGh dG H IQGG LQO dG Ea
.G Gg e j CG M Fc C fEa dHh .LQO
L CG g ,BG M J H LN dG Gh
U Z VQCG ASH dG YG LJ dG cGdG
IQY g dG YG LJ dG cGdG Lh .Id
e L Y a VQCG eCG .Iegh e LCG Y
IQU AdG e hJ gh .GdCG Oe cc gh IG
OGhQ hCG UCG bh .AbQR QHh AGN HZ e j H
G VQCG gdGh gdH dG EG GgP jdG AdG
.G

iNC G jhdG LC G
H eh ,dG YG V iNCG jhS LCG LJ
QdG e G LCG gh .dGh QdGh fG
.Y Qe 6 EG 4 GM b dG dG J KEG GRdGh
H j fMCGh ,QdGh GRdG e fJ :fG
dG e J eY fG S Y e jh .dG M
j eY WS AV fG d jh .IjdG JQGM H
Y ''T'' SG jh .JGf M c QZh RZ jh .gJ
fe jL e j dP EG aVEHh .g QdGh RdG c
.''dG'' Gg M QdGh GRdG e NBG
Hh .AdG IOLG jdG LCG gh :QdG
Rhj h .iGh jQG cc H LCG g MJ Y
.jJ bCG Y ec 1000 QdG b
hCG QdG e J dG dG Y H g :Rq dG
,jM h QU e N hCG ,IU QU e bCG gh ,fG
VQCG Aa EG NJ eYh
Y Jh JQGM JJ
Ggh .bdG G e
,''f'' d j dG g
RdG g H dh
Y Jh ec
.e KJ eY VQCG
fe

56

AGLGC g RdG
Y e
.dG

57

:VG Gg e eCG EG f CG jf fCG Z

Y J e GQOf VQCd G G NJ dG Rda
ah J J dG QGVCG Ea J eYh .VQCG S
CG Z .WG d VY c g VQCGh .gc
Kjh j gcCG Lh LCG g N J dG
edG iMEG T H gh .gQGVCG dHh ,AdG
.H MQh Y dG Y Y
e Hh .dG dG jf EG Uh d WCG jCG f
g J dG CG cQOCG b GfJ CG H dG Gg MT
dG gh ,gUh gc jhdG GLCG g j dG
.JEG jZ f Y c j

ddG dG

V Q C G
VQCG cc Y aJ S dG Gg N e
dG gCGh VQCG T dc aJ Sh ,b Y
dG CG J S dP fL EGh .JM EG dH G
QGSH fhJ dG eG dG Gg N dG g J
.JM IFd

58

VQGC jH YGC dG jRGG

S 500 b CG ,Y SOdG dG M ,WCG jCG
fCG Z .cc Y IQY VQCG CG ahe j BG e
fEG UJ IdG g jLCG dG MG Hh
cCdG N cJ dG jdG dG h .G g EG
d ahh .dG YG V fe VQCG CG e
e gH M e cc dK J VQCG Ea acG
cGdG H e G M e cc eNh dG
.iNCG

59
EG dHh ,jjM IGf e fJ VQCG CG jh
gh .jJ LQO 7500 J a gce IOLG IQGG
e ZdHh .dG S IQGM e M TCG g IQGG
HJh WEG Y IQGG H hJ fCa ,dP
Ida .Ta Y d jJ hCG ,dG ShQO
J da .dG Y QdG e IQGG g VQCG
d N Y f dG VQCG g d j dh ,H MQ
fL EGh .G IQGG J e H S Ib
Y fEG YJ g Y AdG J dG N a ,dP

60
G dGh .ec jY e d H GC YdG G IOLG SC G J d
.VQC XdG H j dG g

FN Jh fS e c .hdG MCG IG
f HdGh bdG RGdG Y a JdG IO
.HdGh chCG
b VQCG CG J gZh SG fRGdG a
.fEG I e Se T Y U
dG Y gH hCG T M e AGS VQCG EG
IG Y fEG Yd N b fRGJ e a e Lh

61
IQGG H f dh ,LQO 7500 GE VQC G b IQGG LQO J
.S Y fh gG

VQCG f CG dP eh .hdG MCG

SG hdG L a LJ G Ga .SCd YU
LQO Y aj RL a .IG Y dG YJ dG
Vj dG eda .AGdH Ohj gh ,e IQGM
d FbdG dGh AG j dG dGh ,SCG
H Ohj dG AGdGh QGSH j dG AG J fh
IG d eDJ ATCG g c ... f c dG
.YdG G Gg

cH d Y G Gg OLG dG CG Z
CG j CG ,''W'' eCG dP c CG j a .dG Gg
jJ da .f AJ e J b dG Gg
jJ dc j h ,AG ie jJ h IQGG
Gg Ma ;he QeCG g YCG e CG Gh AGdG
.LG g L ah dG g G
H YCG g VQCG Y IOLG IG CG jQ h
.YdG G IOLG IG e bO cCG RGJ GPh
j dG dG e j CG bdG fEGh
a .H j e W Y T j H YdG G
gh jS dG VQCG d eh dN K CG j
jRGG gh fCG g CG T fOCG Lj h .LC
dG U e g VQCG IG Y a dG SG
bdG fEG Ea ,Ggh .Jh fS
gh dG HQ j CG jj

62

dGh .e OGQCG dG e dc j CG jjh ,dG g L

BGdG e e g YCGh H aY Jh fS
.dG dG dfCG dG dG
gh fG g VGh CG T fOCG fOhGj h
Q dG g VQCG Lh Y IG M LCG e jRGG
dG Hc G g Jh fS dG H bh .dG
:a
Lk n pa n pa n rn Ln hn r p pH n p nJ rGnC n p SG hn Qn p VQr nC G pa n rn Ln hn }
r Yn r go hn Xk o r en k r n S An n s dG n rn Ln hn nh o n r jn r o sn nd ko o S
32-31 `jBG ,AfCG IQS | n o V p r eo n pJ jn GB

63
CG LCG e SM jRGe ah N VQCa
j dG fEGh .a IG Y fYJ
jh J dH eDj CG j eCG Gg
e c Y jh IOhdG JQb
.f e YCG
J cCG H eCd BGh
VQCG IOLG jRGG H
dNh dN J dG gLhCG dGh
dh ,G Zh G FdG L
.Yh dG IQb Y b Y AGT

dG VQC G be
Y VQCG BG J dG aG CG d S c GPe
CG j ,G ?Y g H cCG fc dG
CG dP ,L d VGh GDdG Gg Y GG j
jCG Ggh .e bQM dG IQGM CG aj G
BG OLG AdG Gg j d IQGG g a ,WCG
J S fc IQGa ... QH h g J dh
.hjh j Ae e VQCG Y e c CG LQO EG IjT
h ,Ae VQCG Lh Y j d dG J a ,cCdHh
.AGU Y IQY Jh c VQCG
Y HdG dG WG a ,dP Y ch
.VQCG e dG EG bCG j aJ a ,Sa cc
Ic VCH TCG cdG Gg IQGG Ea ,dG Gdh

dh .YC G IQdH T Mb aL VQC G UC cc GE H bGC dG fc d

T G e c VQC G UC B G Y g H VQC G GE bGC dG fc
.QdG Y IQdH

64

65

EG J CG IQGG d h .VQCG cc IQGM e

Gh CG GdhM IQGG g IT GJ dh .LQO 475
GC j fEa bG Y AG Vh GPEa !fgPCG G Gg
.je LQO 100 EG j eY dG
fc VQCG CG d GPa ,e Se H BG dh
WCG jCG cCda ?BG Y g H dG EG bCG
e V QGe iS VQCG EG j d S dG g
V Qb iS VQCG J d GPe dJ Sh .IQGG
jh j S Ae e VQCG Y e c EG ?IQGG e
G e AZ EG VQCG S j dG g .L EG
ae dG Y j dG jG cc eCG g e
.Y VQCG H e WCG

EG :ddG dG EG Uf
dG Jg N eh
q
,M .a LJ CG j dG VG e LJ VQCG
LJ CG g ?Gg j CG c jCGQ a
Z dP CG T ?aOe SG fe e VQCG
G e dh .J h hQ H cc VQCa ,
Y G Gg Oh AdG fe NCJ CG WEG Y
g BG VQCG a LJ dG SG a .aOG S
.J dG U e CG ,edG G MU GHEG e
cGdG OLh qEa ,GNCG dG dEG UJe Mh
G EG dH dH gCG dG YG iNCG
.dP Y e j iG ca .jMh VQCG Y
YG V cc cCG gh iG cc OLa
.VQCG RGJ V Y G j dG
a g dG G GOLe iG cc j a
dG fGh d ag VQCG fd f G GHh
j N Lh Cc ,ia QNHh .AdG LJ
ch BG a Lj dG QGG iG j a .VQCG
h ,Y f dG cdG Gg Lh Z NBG QGe
.jCG f fLh
fCG j FG g L Qj dG bdG fEG EG

66

67

dG fGh RdG dGE j a ddh ,VQC G HPL e H ibGC HPL iG cc

g e jGC f h VQGC cdG Gg HPa .WG j e e e AdG J
.WG

dGj eCG Ggh .g Hh jZ H N dG AT

:dG dG Y dG BGdG jBG iMEG Y
Qp n sdG hn p rsdG pnpNr G hn p V Qr nC G hn pG n n s dG p rNn pa sGE p }
.190 `jBG ,GY BG IQS |pnr ndC G pdhoC pd m jn B nd
GdG N Ve GhJ CG g Y j
J e N eh .jBG g dEG YO e Ggh ,VQCGh
N Jh fS dG Y cQJ dG Gg e
Y e cCG cQJ eG g eCJ Yh .d
.dEG IdG

dG GB dG VQC G T
JG bh .dG IQe VQCG CG aJ ,WCG jCG
J AdG e G Qda ,LddG QJ N e dP
dG a acG dG G g CG EG .G g
b J dG Y e G dG BGdG dEG QTCG jdG
:dG dG Y Y 1400
Qp n s dG nYn n r sdG Qo u njo u n rdpH n VQr nC Ghn pG n n s dG n nNn }
p r jn w co n n n dGhn n r s dG n s n S hn p r sdG nYn Qn n s dG Qo u njo hn
.5 `jBG ,edG IQS | Qo s ndG o j p n rdG n go nGnC v n eo m Ln C p
j HdG jBG IOQGdG ''jdG'' c e EG
ea .Qe AT Y L dG ,dG
bdG j QdG Y dG dG CH jBG IOQGdG
dG BGdG j Ggh .dG Qe VQCG CG f
.VQCG jJ dCe cP b eY 1400 b fGoC dG
e VQCG CG hj IdG J SdG ch
i dG HG L fch .IQe dh dG
H -hj VG SdG H ch .SSCG Gg Y
.QK b a J VQCG CG- AdH dG G
dEG UJ dG ea ,WCG jCG jCGQ ch
dG gcP b dG BGdG hf e dG e H AdG
dG BGdG CG Y H dO ,jCG Ggh .BGdG J
.AT H dGh c dG dN J dG c g

68

VQC G IQGM

69

?AdG IQGG LQO e aJ g ,WCG jCG

CG M Fc C h d !dG LQO 270 fEG
a VQCG IQGG LQO e eCGh .IOhdG g j
Gc aNG J IQGG gh .je LQO 20h 15 He
.G W fU c
GPEGh .jd IQM jaCG IQda ,dP Y ch
,''?jaCG dG GdH GJ CG feEH g'' cdCS
f G f ?H S dG GG ga
f d'' :dG dG Y j Q ZCa .HGL
a dG Gdh ,dG OLh e hCG H dG GdH
Z H da dHh dG a Lj CG IQGG H
ahG jaCG a ,U d GG Gg CG Z .''
dh .dG H GJ CG jCG IjdG JQGH
L gh L YCG EG GhJ CG Y dP GJ d
J VQCG S Y GL JG G Gg a .hQc
S Y fHG c cCG Oj AGdG CG dP ,dH Ie
,IOQdG FGdG dG Y ''SJGS'' SG jh .VQCG
.dG LQO 50 EG dG g IQGG LQO Jh
d dG jM Hh .cCG JQG c cCG Oj AGdG CG Z

70

j SfGC a j We LJ ,VQC G S Y YJQG IOLG hdG H

.JG WG G Y Mjh dG GH j hNGB h e We dG

.IdG IOhdG g EG j VQCG S Ea

H g VQCG S Y IOLG SG IQGG gh

71

e fh dGh VQCG H IOLG bdG aG f T

VG bCG K bh .Se TCG e dG SJ
cCG eG H f gh ,VG Gg Y RjEH
TCG f d fEa gDhGLEG dG Hd ahh .J
c W fd FH 10 H VQCG EG J dG dG
b dh IQGG g OGR dh .VQCG S Y G e
.bGMG FdG L d
jJ Y gQ YH f M VQCG GQhO Yj
24 c IMGh Ie f M QhJ VQCa .IQGG LQO
bh iS Gj QdGh dG Ea dG Gdh ,YS
dG H dG Ea H edG dG Gg Hh ,b
.GL b j IQGG LQO QdGh
Gg da ,iNCG Ie OQY cc BG cdh
da dG Gdh ,jJ ec S I j cdG
.LQO 1000 EG j QdGh dG H IQGG LQO
Y aj VQCG S Y jQdG OLh CG c
N IQGG LQO H da .IQGG LQO RGdG
G LJ a .je LQO 100 EG j dGh AGSG
G a .ALg UGY VQCG d BG gGf dG
jdG e GC J g G a .JdG jdG eCG LGM

dG dG J dG IjdG UGdG e VQC H dG G SdG GE

d aJ J dG N dG fC G gh .VQC G IQGG RGJ Y G Y YJh ,HGh
.L I SG hdG

S EG Jh ShQW L VfCG h dG
.HhQhCG dCG L
H L VQCG IQGM LQO CG c BG J d
270 EG J g IQGG LQO CG e ZdH JM e Sj
VQCG IQGG LQO CG a .AdG dG LQO
eLCG J H GL IOQH hCG GL IjT fc
IQGG OLh CG j Ggh .e hCG bT eEG JM fd
e H Y LGda ,Y dG f iMEG g SG dH
GJ CG GhQMa ,dG M f CG g H dG jY jCGQ
.WCG jCG Gg
LCG H e VQCd jG Lh Y dG ah c
?fcP dG dG Y N CG H iNCG jhdG
...SCG g Y d MQ UGd BGh

72

LC G e jMh VQC G M
iNC G jhdG

73

bha g CG Y HS K a hcJ c GPEG

.cGdG H MCG Ic
e iNCG cGdG Hh VQCG H fQe BGh
VQCG CG Qd :dG GH f CG h .eMCG Mf
j S dG g a ,(L) jRdG M M g
M OQY j ;dG dG Y iNCG cGdG M
,jRdG M M jCG VQCG e Sah dG M
iG cc jh ,dG M SQe cch
aCG SdG M MR cc jh ,dJdG M
M M fh IgdG cc M jh ,(dG)
M M QhH a JH cc eCGh ,V Rc
Ic M e H cCG a dG M eCGh .dG
.dG
d G MCG V -VQCG M c g ,M
?aOe -cGdG
S ,VQCG IdG FN SQf eY a !c
.Y j CG j dG FH c M CG f
HPL d Y g H UCG VQCG fc a

,aJ ch .G dG Y a CG YSG h Gc
Rd VY J VQCG Ea G dG GfG dM a
QNHh ,chCG jh ,AdG IOLG dGh
cCG VQCG fc dh .Lh Y IG GfG j da
Gc HPL LQO JJ dG g a ,Y g H
.JdG edG GRdG H jCG h
U jCG NGdG gAH Ea VQCG T fL EGh
H a J NGO LJ dG da .bO jH
.jb We VQCG M J ,cG gh .dG
Lh Y IG j gCG jZ WG G Ggh
dG YTEa .QdH J WG a .VQCG
.KJ K QdG GH J VQCG f J
dG QNCG e eC VQCG J ,QdG Gg a
eh dG e eOdG YTEa .AdG e JCJ CG
j dG LG Gg J CG iNCG dG
.VQCH
dG CG dG dEG UJ dG iNCG FG Jh
dG G g dG Q dG CG T h .Y j
dG gh jj dG dG Y T dG gh ,c
.dG JQH cGdGh dGh GG

74

75

jdG g SdG hGC QdG hGC SE G j e GC

G g UC a .bO Jh Y f
Me c SdGh dG H ej Y
b YU e fj e C H dGh .Y MGe e
J hGC d a KGC h aOG jW Y AL
GE j eY f eC Gh ,jd GQe j
dG IOLG dGh cGdGh GG GQe
.f AJ e aOH fJ b dG

J dG f b Y f dG QRCG cdG EG
dG cj YRdG IQS e KdG jBG h .UN f Y
n r Hn n V Qr nC G hn } :dH G G Gg dG BGdG J
J dG CH J jBG a .`jBG ,edG IQS| gn Mn On
n pdPn
.fEG Lj ahh e f Y VQCG N
VQCG S Y MQ WCG FbUCG UGf Sh
.dG dG

QdGh G
VQCGh .AH Ie VQCG S e FH 71 f EG
T S Y AG a j dG MdG cdG g
.G d Ic e j AG Ggh .FS
G LCG e gCG jZ FXH J ,G gh
.VQCG Lh Y G FdG IM Y
FdG GdG bh hO a dP Y ch
YJ dG Gg Yh .G dG IOLG IQGG

76

e dG j e GE
H e g jd fGE
H dG fGC dG dG
.Y

77

.Id Se e IQGM LQO V G FdG AH Y

T H QGSH J G Ea dP EG aVEHh
dG e dG Ggh .HdG L Y N e VQCG
.dG YG V NBG cc CG Jge
f dG SCG e dG Ea ,dP fL EGh
cCa .QdG g LJ iNCG Ic jH eh
jdG FdG gQe jh H f dG IjdG
dG dG e g QdG S Y G JMQ dch
.d dG gh
CG e N AT c J dG N d ,WCG jCG f
a G Gg c fL EGh .f h JFd f
GP J Y H dh fcH L ceCG H
EG IQjH fh ,MQ UGf rCG OQCG GPEGh .N GUCG
.G g

 VQGC J dh .VQC G b IG GdG M fcdG GQfG J

.IeG fcdG GQfd VY j c UC J dG jM

fcdG G
VQCG IdG a ,b b fcP e ,WG jCG
IdG J qk e d Lh GPEGh ,IjT fcH M LJ
QfG N e dG EG Jh NBG EG M e VQCG
Y dG BGdG jh .cH OG Gd jh .c
p Lr s dG pGPn Ap n s dGhn } :dG dG Y G gGdG g
.12 -11 jBG ,QdG IQS |p r s dG pG Pn p V Qr nC G hn
VQCG J H j dG QfG Ea Ggh
e Ic WCG WEG aGj VQCG S EG G hNh
EG hG G GC J dP KEGh .AdG MdGh QdG
Yb gQJh eh L e jW AT c eJh dG
.QU EG Jh G g OJ edG e Ia Hh .U

78

79

.jQdG Y QGdG g e JeO Ic e gh

hCG dG M dG cdG dP Y eCG eh
G ZCG e fc dGh djEG eH je Od
EG ''ha'' cd LG QfG iOCG a ,IdG J
M e YS g eh .VQCG Lh Y e jG g dGREG
Gd fcdG a .QGdG e M jG S j
jG S Zh YH eH je Y MR cdG
.gCa
a IH jQe Gfc eH je Sh
KQdG g H Mh ,J dG eGhC fYh gQah
e h- H M dG bdG gh .GMCG e J a
:dG dG Y dG BGdG j- e d
r en r o r pehn k p UMn pr nYn n rn SQr GnC r en r o r p an pprfn pH nfr Nn GnC voan }
r en r o r pehn o VQr nC G ppH n r n Nn r en r o r pehn o n r s dG o oJr Nn GnC
|n o p r jn r o n o rfGnC G ofcn r p ndhn r o n p r n pd o dG n cn en hn n br n rZGnC
.40 `jBG ,dG IQS

Y dG Ea jBG g e f e a ,WCG jCG

.VQCG Y e c aCG AT GPEG gh ,AT c Y QOb Lh
f bdG h ,dh .J dG GY e eCG MCG h
dG Gg N eh .OH MQh hDhQ Lh Y dG Ea

n r nS o sdG n nNn
n r cn Ghr n nJ r ndGnC }
m Ghn n Sn
| bk n Wp
15 jB G,f IQS

 H eh .d OhM dG dG MQ Y Ic dOCG jCGQ

dG iMEG g fcdG GQfG hM a ,dG Gg
.OY Y fHdG

G dG

81

EG hJ eY fhJ J g ,WCG jCG

dc eCG GOeh .dd J L fCG f ?AdG
.QRCG AdG MQ GC a
dG'' VQCG IdH dG FGdG d j
c h ,W S e G dG jh .''G
.H ec fG gh ,G GRdG e Y Y W
dG J dG dG d cP dG BGdG ALh
:G
Am n n S u co pa Mn hr GnC hn p r en r jn pa mG n n n S n r n S s go n n an }
p j p n dG o j pr nJ
n pdPn k r Mp hn n pH n n pH n rft dG An n s dG s js Rn hn gn n er GnC
.12 jBG ,a IQS |p p n dG
Y dd dG BGdG ''AdG'' IQY SGh
GPEGh .fdG AdG jCG SGh ,Y H AdG
G dG CG j fdG AdG dG g fNCG
.W S e j

j G dG CG Y hG e UCG dGh
dG jBG OQh eh ,H a H W e
.FQ W S e j a
:jBG JcP dG dG g Vf BGh
dGh VQCG S EG Hb cCG dG g :SHhJ
M j dG g Sh .dG g e fOCG
,IQGG LQO J dG g OdG j eYh .G
LQO 51 H e IQGG LQO J e ie YCG h
.dG LQO 79h dG
,SHhJ W a LJ dG dG g :SJGS
.IQGG LQO JJ dG g fU ch

82

eh o dG Mf e H a J VQC d G dG e j dG dG dG GE
Gg d N IG a J g Y VQC G N c ,J dGh .H J dG FXdG Mf
.IeG LC G e j d G dG

IQV YTGE
RdG

ShcGE
SeJ
SfjGE
She
SJhS
SfhRhGC

af fc YTGE

SHhJ

83

g h ,SJGS W J dG dG g :She
.dG LQO 73 EG IQGG LQO J dG
CG Mjh ,She W J dG dG g :SeJ
dG IQGM H dGh .dG g GO JJ IQGG
.LQO 100 j CG QdGh
40 H hGJ ae VQCG Y J W g :SfjGE
Y fC ''jEG'' SG Y WCGh ,Gec 80 EG
dG Y dG dG Y WCGh .FHc T
.SfjEG W FHdG
e ec 500 ae H GC J dG dG g :ScGE
.VQCG
Ib e SG GH dG g S :Sfe
S j QdG XH J dG dG gh .We
g Ea b e H ch .ec 30000h 3000 He
e eOdG IG YTEG e VQCG dG g dG
.''dCG a GM'' jCG d j dG gh .AdG
b fCGh ,ic gCG G dG CG T
.iNCG cGdG Y If BG dh ,GL dP a
Gg a .OQY cc fCG Qf ,dP Y ch
e aJ c G da ,L Z Lj cdG

W Y FL K G Gg EGh .fGL IY e jd
Y jCG dGh jG XH J dG G dG
jZ dG a .chCG eh GRdG e Y
.fEG IM EG dH gCG
Gg dh .GL N AGg e G dG j
AGdG W Ea G h ,K d G dG CG j
.jd K Gec Id ba dG
IY j K SQ G dG Ea HCG Mh
.''G dG'' d j e Ggh ,e MGh c Y WCG
f c'' :dG GDdG fgPCG EG Oj CG BGh
CG g dP dG EG ,WCG jCG ''?dG Gg
c dh .AGdG Gg K CG g Y N eLCG
a .IG f CG d eCG Gg Y V
EG bhY YH j dG dG d dG Gg j
dG Vh dG V H RGJ j GPEGh ,QG
.JG dG H J eLCG hY Ea G
e L Z a Lj dG a dG Gdh
IM a J CG GMCG e H e OQY cc
.fEG
dG CG Z ,L Z a La Sa cc eCG

84

YTGE eh RdG e f f
.G dG H IQdG dG
dG YTE G W

YTEG
iG Se
dG
e G
FH 70 f

Ib YTEG
dG e
FH 100 f G

85

jW YTGE
e
G dG
jJ T

dG OLG dG M V 90 j g OLG
e fh .fEG I dU Z a ddh ,VQCd G
j fEG C Sa cc e IG CG Gg
.JTh dG ac h
da :BG M EG MT e QNH BG fh
Y IG QGSG LCG e G hdG iMEG G
Y K bh Ic FXH G dG jh ,VQCG Lh
e FXdG g H a ,hcJ GPEGh .QNH e b
dh .fEG I jQhV GRZ e dG Gg Lj
CG d c e G FdG Ea G dG Lj
.JM J dHh J
e VQCG jM iNCG G dG FXh H eh
dG WG g H eh .AdG e gOJ dG IdG WG
dG RdG -b b dP fcP ch -VQCH HJ
dG G dG FXh a ,Ggh .AdG J
.H QdG EGh VQCG Y RdG g S hO
e VQCG jM gh G d iNCG Xh gh
dG Gg a .AdG e JCJ dG IQdG YTEG
.FH 7 iS YTEG g e VQCG EG j
e j jL Ve Ga ,WCG jCG Ggh

86

iS VQCG EG YTEG g e j a ...a dG

Y dG H Ea ,hcJ GPEGh .J e c ge
...GL jdH h GL IdH d a ,e Se VQCG
hJ c dG G dG Gg ,WCG jCG M
AJ e J
q b j CG g ,dEG dH gCG jZ
?aOG S Y f
CH j CG eCG Gg e CG d f dh
iM GL Ghqa :dG G d f TCG e T
g Y j dG AdG g e .JeCG J dG HGdG

87

GC fcC J dG IjdG HGdG iM GE d b GPGE bJ c g

fC AGo dG Gg e GbJ d fGE ,dH ?f AJ e aOH J
d j f eC a Ggh .iG g U FdG g JeGC GC aJ
.N e g H aU j a

QGH CG aVCG dG AdG j CG H ?Jd iG

J dG g H JYCG dG dGh ,bdG EG RdG
M CH d LM '' :d bh T Y W GPEa .IdG
JCJh aOH J CG a ,IjdG iG g f
CG T ?bJ CG a ,''f IdH Jh eeCG
iM M fc GPEG ,WCG jCG M . Z dP
a ,f AJ e J CG G IU HGdG
fj CG H j dG G dh dG VQC
CG gX Y f jdG f d gh ,f AJ e
e hM dSG CG a jQ da ?aOH f
.L jd ee UCG eCG Gg
gh AdG EG j e a j CG e fh
AdG EG j gh j CG dP eCG eh .FG g j
IG dS G dG Jh fS dG j d''
:dG dG Y J j CG hCG .''VQCG Lh Y
VQCG j J HQ CG dh ,IQdG Y J dG EG M''
GOYG ,fCa .''IKe b EG dh RdG H eU
T GJ GhJ CG gJ dG eG Y
aj dP Ea f bdG h .gfcP dG HdG eCH
.dG H fM CG Y Th dG M EG

88

J G dG eAe

89

dG FG L j VQC G dG qEG
aZ jJ d VJ f BGh .IG Y YJ
.Gg G
e j VQCd G dG EG
fh Lh dG e FH 77 f
1 fh chCG e FH 21
HdG cCG K e FH
GC fh .iNCG GRdG e Yh
.chCG RZ SGQO hCG
EG dH GL e chCG j
bdG Y G FdG CG dP ;G FdG
g ZCGh .FdG dG H N e d jQhdG
dG Gdh .chCG H J FdG dG
a ,dHh .chCG EG Ie LH f jCG a
.QGSH dG H f a e JLM Y f
dH e g G dG OLG chCG qEG
FH 21 J CG H dG g CG dh .IG Y YJ dG
.IMGh YU H HdG FGG d FH 22 fc
dG g a ,FH 25 EG dG g JQG d dH a
C dP ,GeJ geJh VQCG FdG FGG J

.GMG jT RZ chCG
fgPCG EG QOJ Q ,FG g Y YWG Yh
e j f chCG c CG d dG e :dG GDdG
a VG dG N dG IT e ZdH fEG ?jCG
e FH 80 e cCG C dP ,KQdG g e e N g
J dG jG FdG b e LfEG j chCG f
S Y IOLG HdG L CG d CG .G
.JM UGf CG eC jRCG VQCG
j G dG chCG f RGJ AH EG
.''dG dG f'' d jh ,dG jZ f H
cCG K jh chCG j dGh fGa

f fc d :QdG Y IQdG
21 dh FH 22 AdG chC G
Hb dG j C ac dP d FH
GC fC T e Ggh , jGC GMd
.Wd VY VQGC j

chC G f e FH 80 :dG Y IQdG

FdG b e J G dG IOLG
ge g c G LJ dG jG G
.gYGC IQdG

90

91

a ,dG g H J a JdG eCGh .HdG

IM Y a dHh chCG EG HdG cCG K
e WCG GQe JdG J j c h .G FdG
.AdG MJh chCG
JdG a GP :gh gCG jZ M EG g fh
G FdG L CG a ?chCG J dG g gMh
?dS cCG IG J aCG chCG J fc
CG a ,dS cCG WEG Y J d IG EG ,c
chCG j L Gfc JdGh fGGh dG
,Ic H G dG chCG f JQ
UCG UCh .''e'' UN GP G dG UCh
.Fg FGM TE ac IQGT
:e Gg Y GhJ CG feEH ,NBG fL eh
G FdG CT fCT JdG fc d S c GPe
?HdG cCG K J H chCG J iNCG
cCG K J fc G FdG L CG a
Ie Hh ,YH chCG j dG g a ,HdG
FdG g Ea dG Y QGSG e ZdHh Ib
.bNG L a a chCG AGg J J G
fCG fL EG G da ,hJ c fCG WCG jCG
j e a AGg J Y fYj f bdG fEa j

Ic fCG d Jh fS dG N bh .chCG e
Y dG Ea Ggh .HK f Y chCG aj M
jZ Y jRGeh HM ah VQCG Y e c N Lh
.jH dG Y d dP c EG .bdG e
d Se g fJ f c qGE ,GJ h QGa
L Z g c Oj a ,cCa cCG dG GhJ d
...chCG g c h

IFq dG dG
J dG e c if AdG EG ShDhQ af eY
g H .dG H j e eh HCG j e eh dG
dCG ,JM af ATCH G dTCG j e M
a g ,dG g J c dh ,M ?dc
.dG dG g fJ c e n d OQCG GPEG ?ej dP
VQCG S Y IOLG G e b j j c
T AGdG j AG CG .dG IQGM H
EG j dG Ad j dG Gg Yh .GL bO Gb
,JQGM jJ VQCG e j dG AGdGh .''AG QH'' AGdG
eYh .AG QH e eM Jj j dG AGdG Ggh
On QdG An GdG AG QH e j eh o NdG Ao GdG ej
J dG g G gh .dG e M EG j
.dG

92

.(GLc e 300 ) AG e W dGC 300 Y j IG HdG M Se GE

93

fG GdG eh G QdG e G AG EG
H IU g G Mh .YCG EG eCG e j
g dG jdG Hh .IOG dH jDhQ
e 27 `H ej Ohj G dG Ea IdG GdG
J dG G Gb IGf J eCG gh .G e W
.dP H
dG Gdh ,dG b e dEG dG Y dG hJ
M CG Gh .GL N dG g CG QJ Q fCa
fCG MJ QeCG EG Jh jdG a J eY AG
I HS IOLG AG fh .AG e Ic fWCG SJ
c 1000 hj W 1) .AG e W dCG 300 GM g
eYh .GLc e 300 hj W dCG 300h ,GL
70 h 60 H e g ddG fEG Rh e CG aJ
fEG f .(Gc bdG Gg j c cQJ eGLc

...AGdG e W dCG 300 a C N GJ

EG dG dG g j Lh Y dG Ea Ggh
e e c j dG Gg Yh .VQCG H jh QeCG
iMEG Jh fS dG H bh .AG e f VQCG
:dH d S dG j c dG BGdG jBG
ek cn Qo o on r jn s oK o n r Hn
o udDn jo s oK Hk n n S Lp r jo dG sGnC n nJ r ndGnC }
m n Lp r pe Ap n s dG n pe o u n jo hn ppdnNp r pe
o o r jn
n Or n rdG in n an
Oo njn Ao n jn r es r Yn o ao p r jn hn Ao n jn r en ppH
o p o an Om n Hn r pe n pa
.43 jBG ,QdG IQS | Qp n Hr nC pH
o gn r jn ppbr Hn n n S
EG dG BGdG Lh Y dG j ,NBG fL eh
:AdG e dj dG AG IQW
.48 jBG ,bdG IQS |G Qk o Wn kA ne Ap n s dG npe nrdn rfGnC hn ...}

g Y AdG e j AG Ea IQcG jBG J a

G h .OGh eCG H AG Gg Ljh ,f
GH iJ HdG C dG f ge e Ge jCG Gg Ea
e j dG AG CG dh .OGh eCG e dG QGG
f Y j c QeCG T dP H Oj K G
CG a .VQCd Ic QGVCG dP d eCG e dY
bMCGh HdG gC GL e fc J dG QeCG

94

a cCJ e G FdG Ea dd fh ,JdG

J VQCG Y IG ge L Ea QNHh ,jCG g
Lh Y dG C j dP e T CG H .ILh Ia
:Lh Y dG j dG BGdG h .OH MQ
r GCn pr o rdG n pe o o o rdn rfGnC r o rfGnC An n Ho n r nJ p dG An nG o o jr GnC n an GnC }
IQS | nh o or nJ nr nan Lk Ln GoC o n rn Ln Ao n nf r nd n odp r o rdG o
r nf
.70 -68 jBG ,bGdG

95

j M N AT c CG VGh H jBG Jh
.fEG I Se
f M adG IdG jd a hJ e ,WCG jCG
Y IM g fc J dG C j a .JM j AT CG
dG CG c cf CG j dG Gdh ,VQCG Lh
.M c f CG Yh AT c dN g
,VQCG S Y OLG AG j c J d
GPe ,M .QeCG EG J ch dG J ch
H J EG J dG QeCG CG Y WG d dJ
g d MQ UGf CG Y dP f dh ?H
.G

QeC G QGe
HCG H bh ,ee H VQCG Y G j
Mh .dRdG QeCG c bO G fY jLCG dG
c J IMGdG fdG J dG AG Ea SdG g
,dG W jJ 505 EG dG g Jh .W e 16
W jJ 505 a QeCG hf c f eCGh
f g dG g CG jdGh .dG dRdG QeCG e
dG c dG dG G gh .GHCG J h Y c
:Y 1400 b dG BGdG J dG gcP jG
k r en kIn rHn ppH nfr n rfnC an Qm n n pH Ak en Ap n s dG n pe n s nf p dG hn }
.11 jBG ,NdG IQS | n Lo n r oJ
n pdn cn
BGdG gcP dG eG a !WCG jCG GJ
CG fEG a bh Y dCG e cCG b dG
gh ,J dG e Ie g BGdG Gg CG Y J EG Y
h ,dG Q dfCG b SG dG Gg CG Y dO
.g Z Ic Ge LJ dG BGdG
H dG RGdG H X ,VQCG Lh Y Ia
J dG gh ,QeCG T jL e dhfh AG J
feEG e e L fEG H dh .''FG IQhdG''

96

97

Y c VQGC Y j
e W jJ 505 e
j G Ggh ,G
GC Y dO Ggh .Y c
AT c N J dG
.jc RGJh G

.RGdG Gg e j CG SG Y
dG Ea FG IQhdG g f J CG M dh
j Ggh ,edG e Ib Ia H jT GVG H j
QeCG a ,GHCG j dP e T dh .IG jf
BGdG cP e e Y c IO jO J J dG
.dG

j EG QeCG hf CG BG a b GfJ CG H
e f dG J CG c EGh ,Lh Y dG
IOGQEG d Z dP CG j a ?Y c QeCG
j AT ch ,c dG de g da .Lh Y dG
.JOGQEH
jZ Ge gf dRdG QeCG Gb H d Y
Gg MQ e a , GdCG e fe G
.G AdG

IMdG GdC G hP b Sb
98
.GdCG Oe b Sb NGO BG MQ J S
b fJ .b Sb jCG e j jCGQ b GfJ CG H
fh ,bCG Y jdG hCG dG iMEG dP jCGQ
.cQHCG S b G b Sb GdCG CH Yb Y
q jo dG G dG Gg J c ej a g ,M
Gd opJCGa BG EG dP GhJ GPEG Mh ?AdG
hJ Mh .eCG Gd J GdG
.eCG Gg T d f cCG
dG Jh QeCG J eY b Sb j
g Y IFGO f T j b Sa ,f bdG

GE dG Yh . GdGC S e j gh ,b Sb j dG T e QeC G J eY
.e IFGO f iS if VQC G e dh .ec IFGO T j AdG e b Sb

99

.jd GMS j g g Yh ,GdCG S e feh J

j gh ,GdCG d H b Sb j ,G
d hJ dG dG EG f .d FdG dG GdCG
dG GdCG d jh .GdCG IOe G g AH
MCG :dc gh ,FdG GdCG dG e JCJ
edG QRCGh dG QRCGh NCGh UCGh JdGh
GdCG g OH J AdG dG TCG dh .dGh
dG TCG N e G Gb eY fCG Z ,L
J eYh AdG TCG j Aa ,G fGdCG J
N J GdCG gh .GdCG J AG Y TCG
.d J K G Gb

a VGh Z eCG c GPEG ?VGh dP o r jn CG

Qda ,jb GAV Y GYGh SdG e SCc GhNCJ CG
eY fCG hJ Sh .AG Gb XH j CG g
.U b Sb FG Y j b AV SCdG Y qjo
EG QOj b Sb Y f eYh ,AKCG g
,IFGO f T EG j fCG WCG jCG gPCG
ec W Y IQY g G b Sa ,U Z Ggh
Gdh .VQCG e cCH ij CG dG Gg dh
h ,IFGO f T IOdG b Sb j dG
.IFdG f eY EG ec jDhQ
dG dG g FGO J b Sb IFGO ce qEG
YCG EG dG JJ eYh ,dG TCG Y J

100

101

.jCG e b Sb Jj
e g IMdG fGdCH YEd G b Sb e qEG
f d VQCG G ge e d J dG N e H
,G ATCG e j e j CG Y QOb gh ,H
dG f d fYj H HGSG j Ga dG Gdh
.fh FBG Y f dh cCa cCG
ge e NBG Ge d fG MQ UGfh
e cc eCf IG g h .dG J dG G
.dG cc gh ,d AdG d J dG G cGdG

dd Aj dG dG
,VQCG M QhJ dG e Ic Y IQY g dG EG
Gg CG Z .aU AdG J eY d e d j dGh
g QdG Ga ,H UN Qf d d fC dG Qf d QdG
dG d j Ggh .S Y dG Ad SfG
Y jM dG BGdG AL bh .QdG e Ic c T
:J db g dG UN
Lk G n p S n pa n n Ln hn Lk ho Ho Ap n s dG pa n n Ln p dG n Qn n nJ }
.61 jBG ,bdG IQS | G k poe G k n bn hn
f M Qhj gh ,f dH FGO dG d j
M fGQhO CG Hh .ej 29 c Ie VQCG Mh
dH d j a f IG j VQCG Mh f
,Y M dG S Y LJ
E a L Z Lj fC h
dG GE J dGh RdG
.dH H Jh

102

103

dG if AdG EG d f eY a NBG fL eh .f
dGh ,IFGO f T iNCG fMCGh GQhe fMCG
ah TCG dG NCj VQCG M Qhj eY fCG dP
.e AG fd
HPL Ib dh ,dGh VQCG H Oe P g
Ea dP e ZdHh .VCG H dG HPL J VQCG
G'' Y S J HPG gh ,VQCG KDJ dG HPL
MGdG G ia .G dG ''QGh
HPL Ib fc dh ,hCG W EG OJ K bdG e I
dHh ,ibCG QGh G Y fd Y g TCG dG
.d IQhG WG Ic QGc MGdG e J
eY H J g QGh G Y CG Z
VQCG HPL N Lh Y dGh ,GL Gc YJQG G JQG
.J e Se J g Y dGh

SGGh QdGh dG
b Fe Vh NCJ f M VQCG GQhO Y
dG HQCG SGG J MdG dG g Ggh .gQGe
.AdGh jGh dGh HdG Y f
X d dh ,Fb Vh VQCG J dG OGQCG dh
,SGG g e Se CG Lh gQGe Fb VQCG
,IQGG e f iG e Mf c VQCG fdh
EG cCf dG ATCG e bfG e L dh
.f dG AGdG
dG j c ej a g WCG jCG M
VQCG Y bj H ,X c dG Ada ?QdGh
AG M Yh e G j dG a .QdGh dG

104

 VQCG J H dG Aj c ,M .VQCG J
?eGO X
gQGe J gh VQCG CG g dP dG qEG
Aj f M fGQhO Yh ,eGhdG e f M QhJ
.d He j dG G
,IdG e e QGe j a IgdG cc eq CG
FGO e j e a :jOY Z dM j e Ggh
.FGO e j NBG dGh
H FGO GQf VQCG e fL c d GPe ,M
j d dG g fCG T ?FGO d NBG fG

105

bhCG ej a ,d ee YS fEd
c N j dHh , bhCG jh

G SGG J
dG AfG H VQGC
.LQO 23 ^5 j

dG
AGS
E G
N

.dG H SdG bY
c g :FGO Qf QGSH f fCG hCG Qd
Y gf d fEa ,dP EG aVEHh ?iJj MGdH S
.dH EG gGf dG dGh dG WEG
j d AT c a ?eX c bdG c d GPeh
dG dG L h dG L Ige eEH
dG YS ge G dP S eh .QdG H EG Gf
c eGdG dG X a ?SQG EG gdG YS geh
c ShQdG e MGSG YS h SQGG EG gS

107

.eGO X FGG f CG hS
LM g dG JdG CG g dP c e gCG CG Z
Gg dHh ,YH J S J d dGh QdG EG
.IG jf j
,JM d j d QdGh dG d N J dG CG EG
JM UGf M LCG e QdGh dG N dG gh
dG N e dG dG BGdG H bh .hdG MCG
:ddG jBG QdGh
Qn n s dG n n Ln hn kJn o S n r s dGhn k Sn pd n r sdG r ond n n Ln p dG n g hn }
.47 jBG ,bdG IQS | G Qk o of

hCG IjL ATCG J j c GL Gha ,WCG jCG

a Y Gc d U j e CG Z ,IjL ATCG J
CG dG e ...GL GeCa .OLG Gg J hCG OLe g e
dG dH a f M dG VQCG g j
Y QOdG EG ?dc dCG ,dP Y Qj MCG fEG ?QdGh
.aeh VQCGh GdG dN Mh dG g dP
N dG da ,dG eCG GJ CG WCG jCG Qp GM dh
S dG J h .j CG Y jCG QOb QdGh dG
f a b e dP fcP ch H , HU VJ
Y dG cj fBGdG jBG iMEG h .IG M f CG
:jf H QdG hCG d jf jW dG AT d fCG Lh
r en pen n p dGp r jn ndGE p G k en r n S n r sdG r or nYn o dG n n Ln rGE p r o jr GnC Qn GnC r bo }
.71 jBG ,dG IQS | n o n r nJ kan GnC Am n p pH r o pJrC jn pdG o r nZ l dGE p
pnenp dG p r nj ndGE p G k ner n S Qn n sdG rornYn odG nn nL rGE p rorjGnC Qn GnC rbo }
IQS | nh o p r oJ nan GnC p ap n or nJ m r npH r o Jp rC jn p dG o r nZ l ndGE p r en
.72 jBG ,dG

Y dG IOGQEG d fCG jBG g e j ,WCG jCG f

108

109

g Lh Y dG CG .Qf g c h d g c Lh
.a AT ch dG dN
dG g Lh Y dG EG !GJ h WCG jCG GfG
.jCG fCG N dG gh Y Hh f H AT c N

``JG
bh ,dG MQ J G Gg EG ,WCG fAq MCG
e N bh ,d T VQCG CG MdG g GW jCGQ
CG h .bdG jZ SM jRGe J dG L bh ,LCG
.dG Gg jCGQ e H f
OQH Ga h ,a AGg AdG e e VQCG LJ
a Ae dGh GWCG eGG AdG Gg EG .a IM h
LJ dG G dG J VQCGh ,AGdG j IQGM h
AGdG IOLG dG gh .MdG AGdG g Sh
H ,JdG IQGG e dc h edG UGdG e
g VQCGh .gadG FSh e Lf e H dc fh
Gg FGO J VQCa .AdG Sh dG g e e
VQCa .WG e j dG g G dGh ,GdG
CG dG WG L e gh AdG H T
CG AGdG IOLG dG g CG ch .fOJ
a VQCG EG dH e eCG da f AJ e J

110

111

CG VGda .aOG jW Y fJ b J CG
.Ie N Y H Lh b VQCG
IOLG SG jRGG e iNCG GQG g EG
Y dO Ggh .dG Gg J T dG
GX b fj b GMCG e H VQCGh dG CG
.AdG aOd f
EG S eGO FM iNCG Ie Gg c EG
dN g Lh Y dGh .dG eCG Ke FM gh ,gQfEG
fe fS gh ,QdGh Gh cGdGh dGh dG
bQG IdG hP a ,G FdG h fEd IG
jBG dG BGdG H G dG Ggh .G IQdGh
:ddG
gn G s n an n nr n S n an Qn gn n Hn Ao n s dGp GnC k r Nn t n TGnC r o rfGnC An }
gn Mn On
n pdPn n r Hn n VQr nC Ghn gn n o V
n n Nr GnC hn n n r nd n n rZGnC hn
r ond Yk n en gn n S Qr GnC n n p G hn gn Yn r en hn gn An en n r pe
n n Nr GnC
.33 -27 jBG ,YRdG IQS | r ope n rfC p hn
dG g Lh Y da ,GJ h GfG !WCG jCG
,Y dG e f g AT ch ,cYe c Nh N
CG Y jh ,G g EG c GJ CG Yh
Jh fS dG GhJ CGh dG e cY e GhJ
.H ce dG

nn d rn Yp n n
n fn r So Godnb}
r
n fnCG s
n fEGp n n sr Yn en sEGp
p
p
|
n

o
o dG
n
.32 `jBG ,I`dG IQS

112