Differentiation Formulas 1. 2. 3.

Derivative of a Constant Function

d (c ) = 0 dx
d n ( x ) = nx n 1 dx

The Power rule : If n is a any real number, then

The Constant Multiple Rule. If c is a constant and f is a differentiable function, then

d d (cf ( x)) = c f ( x) dx dx

4.

The Sum Rule. If f and g are both differentiable, then

d d d [ f ( x) + g ( x)] = f ( x) + g ( x) dx dx dx
5. The Difference rule. If f and g are both differentiable, then

d d d [ f ( x) g ( x)] = f ( x) g ( x) dx dx dx
6. The Product Rule. If f and g are both differentiable, then

d d d [ f ( x) g ( x)] = f ( x) [ g ( x)] + g ( x) [ f ( x)] dx dx dx

7. The Quotient Rule. If f and g are both differentiable, then

d f ( x) [ ]= dx g ( x)

g ( x)

d d [ f ( x)] f ( x) [ g ( x)] dx dx 2 [ g ( x )]

Tutorial (Ex. 3.2, Salas) The Derivative as a Rate of Change For a differentiable function f(x), the gradient or slope of a tangent line at the point x, gives the average rate of change of y with respect to x. Example: We have a right circular cylinder of changing dimensions. Volume of the cylinder is given by V = r 2 h . (i) If h remains constant while r changes, then V is a function of r. The rate of change of V with respect to h is the derivative (ii)

dV = 2rh . dr

If r remains constant while h changes, then V is a function of h. Write down the rate of change of V with respect to h.

(iii) (iv)

If r is changing but V remains constant. Write an expression for the rate of change of h in terms of r and V. If h is changing but V remains constant. Write an expression for the rate of change of r in terms of h and V.

Velocity and Acceleration An object moves along a straight line and at each time t during a certain, the object has position x(t). The average velocity of the object at time t

x ' (t ) = lim

x( t + h ) x( t ) h 0 h

what is the acceleration a(t) in terms of x(t). what is the difference between speed and velocity? Example: An object moves along the x-axis, its position at each time, t is given by the function

x(t ) = t 3 12t 2 + 36t 27

(i) Plot the motion of the object in GSP (ii) Describe the position of the object from time t = 0, to t = 9. (iii) Find the velocity of the object. Plot the graph of the velocity. Find the time interval when the velocity is positive, o and negative (iv) Find the acceleration. Plot the graph of acceleration. Find the time interval when the acceleration is positive, o and negative (You should be able to complete your KKBI GSP Project now) Tutorial (Salas: Ex 3.4, pg 157) Derivatives of Higher Order When we differentiate the function f we get the derivative of f , f ' (f prime) is the first derivative of f . If we continue to differentiate we will get second, third , forth and so on derivatives, denoted by f , f ' , f '' , f ''' , f ( 4 ) Using Leibniz notation, we write

dy d 2 y d dy d 3 y d d 2 y = = , , dx dx 2 dx dx dx 3 dx dx 2
Tutorial (Ex.3.3, Salas,pg 147)