Additions Shortcuts

Addition of numbers close to multiples of ten (e.g. 19, 29, 38, 59 etc.)

This technique is useful for Mental calculations 116 + 39 (Here we can write this 39 as 40-1) = 116 + (40 - 1) = 116 + 40 - 1 = 156 - 1 (Instead of adding 39 to 116, we just add 40 to 116 (because we can do this without using pen and paper) and later we subtract one from it) = 155 Try this.. This is very useful tip while doing calculations. Now lets try another example. 116 + 97 = 116 + (100 - 3) = 116 + 100 - 3 (Here, instead of adding 97 to 116, we are just adding a 100 to 116 and then subtracting 3 from it :)

= 216 - 3 = 213 Addition of decimals 12.5 + 6.25 = (12 + 0.5) + (6 + 0.25) = 12 + 6 + 0.5 + 0.25 (Here we just added the rounded numbers first and later we added the decimal numbers :) = 18 + 0.5 + 0.25 = 18.75

Another simple method for Calculating Squares

We have already discussed a method for finding the squares of the given number (check that method Here). Now we shall discuss another simplest method to calculate square of the given number. First of all one thing you should keep in mind, for you r

convinience we've mentioned each and every step in detail. But You should do all these calculations MENTALLY. I mean without using pen or pencil. So practice well to do these problems orally. Now lets go to the topic, Finding the square of a number ending in 5 is very simple. If the last digit of the number is 5, then the last two digits of the square will be 25.What ever is the earlier part of the number multiply it with one more than itself and that will be the first part of the answer. (The second part of the answer will be 25 only). 352 = 1225 Here 3 x 4 = 12 so the answer is 1225 452 = 2025 552 = 3025 752 = 5625 952 = 9025 1252 = 15625 1752 = 30625 2352 = 55225 1952 = 38025 2452 = 60025 Well friends, now we know the squares of numbers 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 etc. If we want to find the squares of any other number, we find it using these squares which we already know. For 262 we will go from 252, for 322 we go from 30 2 and so on. One way is writing 26 2 = (25+1)2. But we need not even calculate (a+b) 2 by adopting the following method. 262 = 252 + 26th odd number. i.e., 625 + 51 = 676 (a+b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 262 = (25 + 1 )2 = 252 + 2 x 25 x 1 + 12 = 625 + 50 + 1 = 625 + 51 = 676 So, the answer is same. Now we shall look at an easiest method which will help you to calculate Squares Mentally. 12 = 1 = 1 2 2 = 4 = 1+3 32 = 9 = 1+ 3 + 5 42 = 16 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 52 = 25 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 I mean, to get n2, you should add the FIRST n odd numbers. If we want 17 2, it will be the sum of the FIRST 17 odd numbers. nth odd number is equal to (2n - 1) Suppose you want to find out 62 knowing what 52 is, we can move from 52 to 62.

62 will be the sum of 1st 6 odd numbers. But the sum of the first 6 odd numbers can be written as " Sum of the first 5 odd numbers" + "Sixth odd number". Since we already know that the sum of the FIRST 5 odd numbers is 52 , i.e., 25, we need to add the sixth odd number, i mean (2x 6-1) = 11 to 25 to give us 62 = 36. Similarly 312 = 900 + 31st Odd number = 900 + 61 = 961 362 = 1225 + 36th odd number = 1225 + 71 = 1296 (remember that 352 = 1225) 412 = 1600 + 81 = 1681 462 = 2025 + 91 = 2116 1262 = 15625 + 251 = 15876 1962 = 38025 + 391 = 38416 2162 = 46225 + 461 = 46656

Aptitude Shortcuts - Average

APTITUDE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS - AVERAGE

Before going to solve the below problems, first read the basics of Average here. 1. What is the average of first 21 multiples of 7 ? 1. 49 2. 147 3. 77 4. Cant be determined 5. None of these

2. In a class, the average age of 30 boys is 13 years and the average of 20 girls is 12 years. what is the average age of the whole class? 1. 12.5 Yrs 2. 14.2 Yrs 3. 12.3 Yrs 4. 12.6 Yrs 5. None of these 3. The average of seven numbers is 18. The average of first three numbers is 14 and the average of last three numbers is 19. What is the middle number? 1. 42 2. 57 3. 27

4. Cant be determined 5. None of these 4. The average age of a class of 32 students is 16 yrs. if the teacher's age is also included, the average increases by one year. Find the age of the teacher 1. 49 2. 46 3. 48 4. Cant say 5. NOne of these 5. The average weight of a class of 20 boys was calculated to be 58.4 kgs and it was later found that one weight was misread as 56 kg instead of 65 kg. What is the correct weight? 1. 67.4kg 2. 58.85kg 3. 57.75kg 4. 49.4kg 5. None of these 6. The average weight of 8 persons increases by 1.5kg when a person weighting 65kg is replaced by a new person. What could be the weight of the new person? 1. 53kg 2. 58.85kg 3. 75kg 4. 77kg 5. None of these 7. The average temperature for Monday, Tuesday and Wednsday is 36.3 degrees C. The average temperature for Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday is 36.7 degrees C. if Monday's temperature recorded as 39 degrees c, find the Thursday's temperature ? 1. 40.2 degrees C 2. 39.2 degrees C 3. 41.4 degrees C 4. 40.4 degrees C 5. None of these 8. A man spends Rs. 1600 per month on an average for the first three months, Rs 1550 for next four months and Rs. 1800 per month for the last five months and saves Rs . 5200 a year. What is his average monthly income? 1. Rs. 2050 2. Rs. 210 3. Rs. 1950 4. Rs. 2200 5. None of these 9. There were 45 students in a hostel, if the numbers of students increased by 7, the expenses of the mess were increased by Rs. 39 per day while the average expenditure per head diminished by Re.1. What is the original expenditure of the mess? 1. Rs. 624 2. Rs. 562 3. Rs. 585 4. Rs. 598 5. None of these

10. The average age of father and his two sons is 27 Years. Five years ago, the average age of the two sons was 12 Years. If the difference between the ages of the two sons is four years, what is the present age of the father? 1. 42 2. 48 3. 44 4. 47 5. None of these

Answers :
1. Required average = 7(1+2+....+21) / 21 = (7/21)X ( (21x22) / 2 ) (because sum of first 21 natural numbers) = 77 2. Total age of 50 students = (30X 13+20 X 12) = 630 Average = 630/50 = 12.6 Years 3. The total of seven numbers = 7X18 = 126 The total of first 3 and last 3 numbers is = 3 X 14+3 X 19 = 99 So, the middle number is (126 - 99 ) = 27 4. Total age of students is 32X16 = 512 Years Total age inclusive of teacher = 33X (16+1) = 561 So, Teacher's age is 561-512 = 49 Yrs There is a shortcut for these type of problems : Teacher's age is 16+(33X1) = 49 Years :) 5. Actual total weight is (20X 58.4 - 56 + 65) = 1177 Kgs Actual average weight is 1177/20 = 58.85kgs 6. Let the average weight of 8 persons be 'x' years and the age of the new person be 'y' years so, (8x - 65 + y) / 8 = x+1.5 so, y = 77kgs Shortcut : 65 + 8X1.5 = 77kgs 7. MOn + Tue + wed Temperature = 3X36.3 = 108.9 Tue + wed Temperature = 108.9 - 39 = 69.9 Tue + wed + Thu temperature = 3X36.7 = 110.1 So, Thursday's temperature = 110.1 - 69.9 = 40.2 degrees C 8. Total expenditure for the first 3 months = 3X1600 = 4800 Total expenditure for 4 months = 4X1550 = 6200 Total expenditure for 5 months = 5X1800 = 9000 Total expenditure and saving (which is income for one year) = 4800 + 6200 + 9000 + 5200 = Rs. 25200

So, Average monthly income = 25200/12 = Rs. 2100

9. Let the original expenditure be Rs.x Original average expenditure = X/45 New average expenditure = (x+39)/52 So (x/45) - ((x+39) / 52) = 1 so x = 585 so, original expenditure is Rs 585 10. The total present age of father and two sons is 3S27 = 81 yrs The total present age of sons is (12+5) X 2 = 34Years so, present age of father is 81 - 34 = 47 yrs

Average

Average of Given Items :

Average =

Sum of the given Items Number of those Items

Average Speed :

Suppose a Person covers a certain distance at X kmph and an equal distance at Ykmph. Then, the average speed for the whole journey will be (2XY)/(X+Y) Kmph

BODMAS

In The simplifications of numerical questions, the order of mathematical operations to be followed is given in the abbreviated form : "BODMAS", where

B stands for 'Bracket' O stands for 'Of' D stands for 'Division' M stands for 'Multiplication' A stands for 'Addition' and S stands for 'Subtraction'. Order to be followed by in case of brackets is as follows : o ( ) : Small Brackets, o { } : Curly Brackets and o [ ] : Square Brackets
o o o o o o

Decimals
Some times, you have to convert or express the given percentages in the form of decimals. It is not such a difficult task as we think. Have a look at the following. 1% = 1/100 = 0.01 (if two zeros are given, just move the decimal pointer two places left)

2% = 2/100 = 0.02 = 1/50 (the simplification of 2/100) 3% = 3/100 = 0.03 4% = 4/100 = 0.04 = 1/25 5% = 5/100 = 0.05 = 1/20 6.25% = 6.25/100 = 0.0625 = 1/16 7% = 7/100 = 0.07 7.5% = 7.5/100 = 0.075 10% = 10/100 = 0.1 = 1/10 12.5% = 12.5/100 = 0.125 = 1/8 20% = 0.2 = 1/5 21% = 0.21 25% = 0.25 = 1/4 30% = 0.3 = 3/10 33.33% = 33.33/100 = 0.3333 = 1/3 37.5% = 0.375 = 3/8 40% = 0.4 = 2/5 50% = 0.5 = 1/2 60% = 0.6 = 3/5 62.5% = 0.625 = 5/8 66.66% = 66.66/100 = 2/3 75% = 0.75 = 3/4 80% = 0.8 = 4/5 87.5% = 0.875 = 7/8 100% = 1 125% = 1.25 = 1 1/4 150% = 1.5 = 1 1/2 200% = 2

Divisibility Rules

A number is divisible by 2, when its unit digit is either Even or Zero. A number is divisible by 3, wehen the sum of its digits is divisible by 3. A number is divisible by 4, when the number formed by the two extreme right end digits is either divisible by 4 or both these digits are zeroes. A number is divisible by 5, when its unit digit is either zero or 5. A number is divisible by 6, when it is divisible bye 2 as well as 3. A number is divisible is by 7, if it passes the following Test...

Take the last digit in a number. Double and subtract the last digit in your number from the rest of the digits. Repeat the process for larger numbers. Take an Example 357 (Double the 7 to get 14. Subtract 14 from 35 to get 21 which is divisible by 7 and we can now say that 357 is divisible by 7. A number is divisible by 8, when the number formed by its three extreme right end digits is divisible by 8 or when these last three digits are Zeros. A number is divisible by 9, when the sum of its digits is divisible by 9. A number is divisible by 10, when its unit digit is zero. A number is divisible by 11, when the difference between the sums of the alternate digits is either zero or divisible by 11. A number is divisible by 12, when it is divisible by 3 as well as 4. A number is divisible by 13, if sum of 4 times the digit in units place and the number in the remaining part is multiple of 13. If the difference of 5 times the digit in units place and the number in the remaining part is 0 or multiple of 17, then the number is divisible by 17. If the sum of double the digit in units place of a given number and number in the remaining part is multiple of 19, then the given number is divisible of 19.

Finding the Square of the given Number

In this post we shall discuss about the Shortcut of finding the Square of the Given Number. This is very easy and Simple method. All the you need to learn this method is little concentration and little patience. Remember friends, To make you understand the process clearly, we are posting the process in Step by Step process. But you have to do all these steps Mentally and you should Only write the Answer on Paper...

Lets start with an example. Assume that you have to find the Square of the number 38. So, the general process is 382 multiplying 38 with itself. But this process take much time and effort. So, instead of calculating 38 X 38, just use the formula a2 + 2ab + b2 But here you should apply a little trick. If you apply the above formula as it is... you cant get the answer... Just do as mentioned below.

Now, follow the below mentioned steps

Thats

it...

The

answer

is

1444.

Now lets have a look at another example. Lets see how to find out the square of 56. I mean 562. Now treat 6 as a, and 5 as b and apply the a2 + 2ab + b2 formula as explained above.

First of all, find the a 2 i.e., 6 2 = 36.

Now find 2ab i.e., 2 X 6 X 5 = 60

Now find the b 2 i.e., 5 2 = 25, now add this 25 to 6 = 31. And put this before the numbers 3 6. So it will become 3 1 3 6 This is our answer 56 2 = 3136

Advantages of this Method : We are dividing the given number into two small numbers and then performing calculations on those smaller numbers. So that you can do calculations Mentally in very easy way. Initially you may think that this method is little confusing. Just do 3 or 4 problems, so that you can find the advantage of this method.

LCM and HCF

Factor : A number is said to be a factor of other when it EXACTLY divides the other. o Ex : 6 and 7 are Factors of 42. Multiple : A number is said to be a multiple of another, when it is Exactly divisible by the other o Ex : 42 is a multiple of 6 and 7

Please re - read these definitions. So that you can get the difference between Factor and Multiple.

Prime Number : Prime number is a number which has no factors except itself and Unity. o Ex :2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 etc are prime numbers Composite Number : Composite number is a number which has other factors besides itself and Unity. o Ex : 14, 15, 16, 18 etc Co-Prime : Two numbers are said to be Co-Prime (Prime-To-Each Other) when they have no common factors except Unity. o Note : The Co-Primes need not necessarily be Primes. 15 and 19 15, 17 and 22 are Co-Primes Common Multiple : A Common Multiple of two or more numbers is a number which is exactly divisible by each of them. o Ex : 12 is a common multiple of 2, 3, 4 and 6 Least Common Multiple (LCM) : The LCM of two or more given numbers is the Least Number which is exactly divisible by each of them. o Ex : 20 is the Common Multiple of 2, 4, 5 and 10 40 is the Common Multiple of 2, 4, 5 and 10 80 is the Common Multiple of 2, 4, 5 and 10, But Here 20 is the Least Common Multiple of 2, 4, 5, and 10

Highest Common Factor (HCF) : The HCF of two or more numbers is the Greatest Number which divides each of them Exactly. o It is also Called Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) o Ex : Find the HCF of 18, 24 Factors of 18 --> 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 Factors of 24 --> 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 Here the Greatest number, which divides them exactly is 6. So 6 is the H.C.F of 18, 24

In the above example they have given very small numbers. So it was easy for us to find the HCF. What if they ask you to find the HCF for 84 and 540 ? Will you write the factors to both of them and then find out the Highest number? If you are planning to do that , please erase that thought from your mind :) Because there are several methods to make the process simple Methods of finding HCF : HCF by factorization : 1. Express each of the given number as the product of Prime Factors 2. Choose common factors 3. Find the Product of Lowest Power of these Factors. This Product is the required HCF of the given Numbers Ex : Find the HCF of 84, 540

If you find this method lil confusing, dont worry. There is another method to find HCF.

HCF by Method of Division : o Consider two different numbers. o Divide the longer number by the smaller one. o Now divide the divisor by the reminder. o Repeat this process of dividing the preceding divisor by the last reminder obtained, till you get the reminder "0" o The LAST DIVISOR is the HCF of the given TWO numbers

Ex : Find the HCF of 42, 70

Thats it. Now the answer is 14 :)

Mental Maths (Comparison of Fractions) - Part 1

You have to Compare the given fractions in a number of problems in Data Interpretation and Quantitative Ability. Let us study some of the common methods of identifying out the largest or smallest of a given set of fractions which are useful for Mental Maths.

Model 1 :
When the numerators are same and the denominators are different, the fraction with the largest denominator is the smallest. Have a look at the following example. Which of the following fractions is the smallest? o (3/5) , (3/7) , (3/13), (3/8)

Here, 13 is the largest denominator, so, (3/13) is the smallest fraction. 5 is the smallest denominator, hence (3/5) is the largest fraction. o Here logic is very simple, Situation 1 : Assume that you are 5 Children in your family. Your Dad brought an Apple and mom cut it into 5 pieces and distributed among all the children including you. (1/5) Situation 2 : Assume that you are 8 Children in your family. Your Dad brought an Apple and mom cut it into 8 pieces and distributed among all the children including you. (1/8) In which Situation will you get the BIG Piece of the Apple??? ;). Obviously in the Situation 1. Thats it.........

Model 2 :
When the numerators are different and the denominators are same, the fraction with the largest numerator is the largest. Have a look at the following example. Which of the following fractions is the smallest? o (7/5) , (9/5), (4/5), (11/5)

As 4 is the smallest numerator, the fraction 4/5 is the smallest. As 11 is the largest numerator, the fraction 11/5 is the largest. o Here too logic is very simple, Situation 1 : Assume that you are 4 Children in your family. Your Dad brought 8 Apples and mom distributed them among all the children including you. (8/4) Situation 2 : Assume that you are 4 Children in your family. Your Dad brought 12 Apples and mom distributed them among all the children including you. (12/4) In which situation will you get more apples? Obviously in the second. So, 12/4 is the Biggest.. Thats it ;)

Model 3 :
The fraction with the largest numerator and the smallest denominator is the largest.

Which of the following fractions is the largest? o (19/16), (24/11), (17/13), (21/14), (23/15) As 24 is the largest numerator and 11 is the smallest denominator, 24/11 is the largest fraction. o Logic??? Cutting the More fruits into Less pieces is more beneficial for you than cutting the Less fruits into More pieces :P

Model 4 :
When the numerators of two fractions are unequal, we try and equate them by suitably cancelling factors or by suitably multilplying the numerators. Thereafter we compare the denominators as in Model 1. Have a look at the following examples. Which of the following fractions is the largest? o (64/328), (28/152), (36/176), (49/196) 64/328 = 32/164 = 16/82 = 8/41 this is approximately equal to 1/5 Note : In these type of problems, approximate values will be enough. No need to get EXACT values. o 25/152 = 14/76 = 7/38 this is approximately equal to 1/5.5 o 36/176 = 18/88 = 9/44 this is approximately equal to 1/5 o 49/196 = 7/28 = 1/4 As all the numerators are 1 and the least denominator is 4, the fraction 49/196 is the largest Which of the following fractions is the largest? o (71/181), (214/519), (429/1141)
o o o o o

(71/181) = (71 X 6) / (181 X 6) = 426/1086 (214/519) = (214 X 2) / (519 X 2) = 428/1038 The numerators are now all ALMOST equal (426, 428 and 429). The smallest denominator is 1038. So, the largest fraction must be 428/1038 that is 214/519 :)

Mental Maths (Comparison of Fractions) - Part 2

Contd to the post Mental Maths (Comparison of Fractions) - Part 1

Model 5 :

For a fraction Less than 1 :

If the difference between the numerator and the denominator is same then the fraction with the larger values of numerator and denominator will be the largest. Have a look at the following example.

Which of the following fractions is the largest? o (31/37), (23/29), (17/23), (35/41), (13/19) The difference between the numerator and the denominator of each fraction is 6.... So the fraction with the larger numerals i.e., 35/41 is the greatest and the fraction with smaller numerals i.e., 13/19 is the smallest. For a fraction Greater than 1 : If the difference between the numerator and denominator is same, then the fraction with the smaller values will be the largest. Which of the following fraction is largest ? o (31/27), (43/39), (57/53), (27/23), (29/25) As the difference between the numerator and the denominator is same, the fraction with the smaller values i.e., 27/23 is the largest.

Model 6 :

Which of the following fractions is the largest? o (15/17), (23/29), (31/34), (11/15) o Comparing fractions 15/17 and 23/29 The numerator of the fraction has increased from 15 to 23. i.e. 8/15 i.e. a little more than 50%. The denominator of the fraction has increased from 17 to 29. i.e., 12/17 i.e., well over 50%. As the percentage increase in the numerator is less than the percentage increase in the denominator, the fraction 15/17 > 23/29. o Now compare 15/17 with 31/34 As the change in the numerator is more than double (15 to 31), and the change in the denominator is exactly double, the fraction 15/17 < 31/34. o Now compare 11/15 and 31/34 The numerator has almost tripled from 11 to 31 whereas the denominator has just over doubled from 15 to 34. Since the increase in numerator is greater than the increase in the denominator, 31 / 34 > 11/15. o So, 31/34 is the largest fraction :)

Problems on LCM and HCF

 Read Basics of LCM and HCF Here, Before starting Practice

1. Find the least number which when increased by 4 is exactly divisible by 8, 16, 24, 30 and 32 ? a) 480 b) 484 c) 476 d) 472 e) None of these 2. What is the greatest number of five digits which when 3769 is added to it will be exactly divisible by 5, 6 , 10, 12, 15 and 18 ? a) 4309 b) 99459 c) 100539 d) 99911 e) None of These 3. Find the minimum number of square tiles required to pave the floor of a room of 2m 50cm long and 1m 50cm broad ? a) 50 b) 750 c) 45 d) 15 e) None of these 4. Five bells toll together at the intervals of 5, 6, 8, 12 and 20 seconds respectively. Find the number of times they toll together in one hour's time (Inclusive of the toll at the beginning) a) 120 b) 31 c) 30 d) 5 e) None of These 5. A milk man has three different kinds of milk 493liters, 551 liters and 435 liters. Find the minimum number of equal size containers required to store all the milk without mixing. a) 29 b) 51 c) 58 d) 49 e) None of these 6. The circumference of the front and back wheels of a vehicle are 6 3/14 m and 8 1/18 m respectively. At any given moment, a chalk mark is put on the point of contact of each wheel with the ground. Find the distance traveled by the vehicle so that both the chalk marks are again on the ground at the same time a) 217.5 m b) 435 m c) 412m d) 419m e) None of these 7. The LCM of two numbers is 28 times of their HCF. The sum of their LCM and HCF is

1740. If one of the numbers is 420, the other number is a) 150 b) 225 c) 180 d) 240 e) None of these 8. Two persons A and B walk around a circular track whose radius is 1.4 km. A walks at a speed of 176 meters per minute while B walks at a speed of 110 meters per minute. if they both start at the same time, from the same point and walk in the same direction, at what interval of time would they both be at the same starting point again? (in Hours) a) 6 2/3 b) 2 1/3 c) 5 1/4 d) 3 2/3 e) None of these 9. Find the least number which when divided by 8, 9, 15, 24, 32 and 36 leaves remainders 3, 4, 10, 19, 27 and 31 respectively? a) 2880 b) 2885 c) 2974 d) 2875 e) None of these 10. Find the greatest number which when divide 357, 192 and 252 leaves same remainder in each case a) 45 b) 1 c) 15

e) None of these

d) Cant be determinde

Solutions : 1. LCM of 8, 16, 24, 30 and 32 is 480 So, Required number is 480 - 4 = 476 2. LCM of 5, 6, 10, 12 and 18 is 540 On dividing (99999 + 3769) by 540, the remainder is 88 So, the required number is 99999 - 88 = 99911 3. HCF of 250 cm and 150 cm is 50 cm, which is the side of the tile

So, the required number of tiles = (250 X 150) / (50X50) = 15 4. Time after which all the bells tol together is the LCM of 5, 6, 8, 12 and 20. i.e., 120 seconds = 20 minutes The number of times they toll together in one hour = 60/2 = 30 + 1 (beginning tone) So, the answer is 31 5. As minimum number of containers are required, the size of the container should be maximum and the size is also equal. so size of the container will be HCF of 493, 551 and 435 i.e., 29 So, required number of containers is = (493+551+435) / 29 = 51 6. The required distance is the LCM of 6 3/14 and 8 1/18 LCM of 6 3/14 and 8 1/18 = LCM (87/14, 145/18) => LCM(87,145) / HCF (14,18) = 435/2 = 217.5m 7. LCM = 28 HCF LCM + HCF = 1740 => 28 HCF + HCF = 1740 HCF = 1740/29 = 60 and LCM = 28X60 if a and b are two numbers, then LCM of (a & b) X HCF of (a & b) = aXb 28X60X60 = x X 420 = > x = 240 So, the other number is 240 8. Circumference of the track is 2r = 2 X (22/7) X 1400m = 8800 m Time taken by A to complete one round = (8800m) / (176m/min) = (8800X60)/(176) = 3000 sec Time taken by B to complete one round = (8800) / (110m/min) = (8800X60) / (110) = 4800 sec Time they meet together at the starting point is LCM of 3000 and 4800 sec i.e., 24000 sec = 6 2/3 hours So, they meet at the starting point after 6 2/3 hours 9. We can observe that the difference between the numbers and their remainders is same i.e., 8-3 = 9-4 = 15-10 = 24-19 = 32-27 = 36-31 = 5 So, required answer is LCM (8, 9, 15, 24, 32, 36) - 5 = > 2880 - 5 = 2875 10. Required answer is HCF (357-192, 192-252, 357-252) = > HCF (165, 60, 105) = 15

Shortcut for finding Cubes

Attention Friends... we've came to know that this method is not working for some numbers... So presently we are working on more efficient method than this... We advise you to avoid this method....
In our last posts we've discussed the method of finding Squares (read that post Here). In this post we shall discuss the method of finding cubes. This is very easy and simple method. You just have to put little concentration while learning and should do little practice so that you can do the process in a easy way mentally. And another thing you should keep in mind is, we are posting the step by stem inorder to make you understand the process in detail, but you SHOULD do most of these steps MENTALLY and only should put some important final results on paper. Now lets have a look at the method. In earlier method of finding squares we'd discussed finding the squares with the formula (a+b)2 , here we shall use the formula (a+b)3. Lets start with an example. Assume that you should find out the cube of 18. The general process is multiplying 18 to itself for 2 times (18 x 18 x 18). This process is time consuming and often people end up with the wrong answer caused by confusion and hurry. Ok, now lets use our method. here you should use the formula (a+b)3 = a3 +b3+ 3a2b +3ab2. But here you should be little tricky. Have a look.........

Note : Here a or b should contain 3 digits. Or else, just put zeroes to fill the gaps so that you can avoid confusion while doing additions. So, the calculation will look like this.....

Here, please note that you are placing 0s to avoid confusion and to fill the GAPS. If you have some 2 digit number (say 25) instead of that 1 in the above example, you should write that as 025. Some Points to Remember : You should write a3 and b3 Side by side (no need to add them) You should start writing the 3a2b term exactly below from the a3 term. The 3ab2 term should end one number before the b3 term. Lets see another example,

Shortcut for Multiplication (Base Number Method)

We've already discussed some short cut tips for Multiplications. You can check that post Here. Now we shall discuss another Simple and Useful method for Multiplication. In this method we take a base (according to the given numbers) and do the multiplication according to that base. Assume that you have to multiply 97 with 92. The power of 10 to which these two numbers are close is 100. We call this 100 as the base. Now write these two numbers with the difference from the base. 97 ------> -3 (because 97 is obtained as 100 - 3) 92 ------> -8 (because 92 is obtained as 100 -8) Then take the sum of the two numbers (including their signs) along either one of the two diagonals (see, it will be same for both cases). Have a look at the above example, The diagonal sum is 97 - 8 = 92 - 3 = 89 This will form the first part of the Answer.

The second part of the answer is the product (taken along with the sign) of the difference from the power of 10 written for the two numbers. In the above example it is the product of -3 and -8 which is 24. So, putting these two parts (89 and 24) together one next to the other, the answer is 8924, i.e., the product of 97 and 92 is 8924. Note : Here keep in mind that the product of the two deviations should have as many digits as the number of zeros in the base. For Example, in this case the product of -8 and -3 has 2 digits which is the same as the number of zeroes in 100. Lets have a look at another example so that you can understand the above method completely. Find the product of 113 and 118 Here, both the numbers are greater than 100 and the base here is 100. Taking the difference of the two numbers 113 and 118 from the base, we get +13 and +18 and write them as below. 113 ----- > + 13 118 ----- > +18 _____ _______ 131 234 Ans : 13334 The first part of the answer is the cross-total of 113 and +18 which is 131. The second part of the answer, i.e., the product of the deviations (+13 and +18) is equal to 234. But we said there should be as many digits in this product as the number of zeroes in the base (which is 100 here). Since the base has two zeroes, the second part of the answer should also have two digits. Since 234 has three digits, we should retain two digits 4 and 3 and carry forward the third digit 2 to the first part of the answer. hence, the first part of the answer now becomes 133 and the second part is 34. The product of 113 and 118 is thus equal to 13334.

Shortcuts in Division

There are so many types of divisions are there. Lets have a look.
Division by parts --> Imagine you have Rs.874 . You have to give that to your two children. 874/2 [We can write this 874 as 800+74 (for our convenience) = 800/2 + 74/2

= 437

= 400 + 37

Division using the factors of the divisor: "this is also called as Double Division"

70/14 = (70/7)/2 = 10/2 =5

(Because 7 and 2 are the factors of 14)

Division using Fractions: 132/2 = (100/2 + 32/2) ( here we've broken the given fraction into two separate fractions) = (50 + 16) = 66 Division by 5 : Note: if you have to divide any number with 5, then divide it by 100 and then just multiply by 20 1400/5 = (1400/100) x 20 = 14 x 20 = 280 Division by 10 (Its very simple, just move the decimal point one place to the left) 0.5/10 = 0.05 Division by 50 ( Just divide with 100 then multiply by 2) 2100/50 = (2100/100) x 2 = 21 x 2 = 42 700/50 = (700/100) x 2 =7x2 = 14

Division by 100 (just move the decimal point two places to the left) 25/100 = 0.25 Division by 500 (just divide with 100 and then multiply with 0.2) 17/500 = (17/100) x 0.2 = 0.17 x 0.2 = 0.034 Division by 25 (just divide by 100 and then multiply by 4 ) 500/25 = (500/100) x 4 =5x4 = 20 750/25 = (750/100) x 4 = 7.5 x 2 x 2 = 30

Shortcuts in Multiplications

NOTE : These techniques are for Mental Maths. You should do calculations in your mind only. Please avoid using Pen/Pencil and Paper.

Multiplication using multiples Assume that we should find out the result of 12X15. 12 x 15 (Here we can write this 15 as 5x3) = 12 x 5 x 3 (now 12x5 becomes 60) = 60 x 3 (For this you just calculate 3x6, that is 18 and add one Zero to it. that is 180) = 180 (see, how simple it is?) Multiplication by distribution Assume that we should find out the result of 12x17 12 x 17 (Here we can divide this 17 as 10+7. here, multiplying 12 with 17 is same as multiplying 12 with 10 and 7 separately and then adding the results) so, we can write it as = (12 x 10) + (12 x 7)

= 120 + 84 = 204 Multiplication by "giving and taking" 12 x 47 (Here its little difficult for us to calculate the multiplication of 12 and 47 mentally. so just check for the ROUNDED number nearer to 47. Yes it is 50. so..... = 12 x (50 - 3) = (12 x 50) - (12 x 3) (we have discussed this rule earlier) = 600 - 36 = 564 Multiplication by 5 * If we have to multiply a number with 5, just divide the number with 2 and then multiply the result with 10. Confused? Its very simple step actually.... 428 x 5 (Now just divide the number with 2) = 428 x 1/2 = 214 (Now multiply it with 10. I mean just add a zero at the end :P) = 214 x 10 = 2140 (This is our result)

Whats the logic behind this step? Very simple. * Lets say the number is X. * Now we are dividing the number with 2. so here X becomes X/2.

* And then we are multiplying it with 10. So it will become 10x / 2 * Now cancel it with 2. so it becomes 10x / 2 = 5X = 5 multiplied by X. Thats it ;) Multiplication by 10 ------------ just move the decimal point one place to the right 16 x 10 = 160 5.9 = 159 169.93 = 169.3 (Need an explnation for this too??? :P) Multiplication by 50 ------ divide with 2 and then multiply by 100 Well, this is also same process as we did for 5. Here we should add an extra zero. Thats it 18 x 50 = (18/2) = 9 = 9 x 100 = 900

Multiplication by 100 -------- move the decimal point two places to the right
45 x 100 = 4500 Multiplication by 500-------- divide with two and multiply with 1000 21 x 500 = 21/2 x 1000 = 10.5 x 1000 = 10500 Multiplication by 25 ---------- use the analogy Rs 1 = 4 x 25 Paise 25 x 14 (just divide the 14 as 10+4) = (25 x 10) + (25 x 4) = 250 + 100 ---> Rs2.50 + Rs1 = 350 Hey one more thing. Here you can use another technique too. Which we have used for multiplication with 5. Multiplication by 25 ----------- Divide by 4 and multiply by 100 36 x 25 = (36/4) x 100 = 9 x 100 = 900 Multiplication by 11 (if sum of digits is less than 10) 72 x 11 = 7+2 =9, it is Less than 10. so, = place this term 9 between 7 &2 = 792 (That's the answer) Multiplication by 11 (if sum of digits is greater than 10) 87 x 11 => 8 + 7 = 15 because here 15 is greater than 10, first use 5 and then add 1 to the first term 8,

which gives you the answer = 957 Multiplication of numbers ending in 5 with the same first terms (square of a number) 25 x 25 first term = (2 + 1) x 2 = 6 last term = 25 answer = 625 ---> square of 25 75 x 75 first term = (7 + 1) x 7 = 56 last term = 25 answer = 5625 ---> 75 squared

Shortcuts Maths
Friends, Here you can find Aptitude Shortcuts which are very useful for all the Competitive Exams. We have started with the basic Shortcuts for Aptitude and explained how to save time by improving your Calculation Speed while calculating mathematical problems. The best thing is we have provided aptitude in pdf files when ever it is possible so that you can download and read. We can proudly say that these posts are very useful for those people who are searching for Aptitude for Bank Exams, Aptitude for Cat, SSC and ofcourse each and every Competitive Exam which contains Aptitude Section in it. Thats all for now friends, its upto you to decide how these maths shortcuts and tricks works. All The Best and Happy Reading :) How to Improve Calculation Speed ?

Additions Shortcuts Subtractions Shortcuts Shortcuts in Multiplications (Simple Tricks) Shortcuts in Multiplications (Base Method) Shortcuts in Divisions Decimals

Divisibility Rules Comparisons of Fractions

LCM and HCF BODMAS Average Finding Squares Another Shortcut Method for finding Squares Shortcut for finding CUbes R. S. Aggrawal's Quantitative Aptitude (Pdf File) Speed Maths Shortcuts - Pdf file Squares, Square Roots and Cube Roots Pdf File Mathematical Tables in MP3 format Trachtenberg Speed Maths - Pdf Version

APTITUDE SHORTCUT METHODS FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMS

Subtractions Shortcuts
PLEASE READ THE SHORTCUTS IN ADDITIONS FIRST. SO THAT IT WILL BE EASY FOR YOU TO UNDERSTAND SUBTRACTION SHORTCUTS

SUBTRACTION BY NUMBERS CLOSE TO 100, 200, 300, 400, ETC . 250 - 96 = 250 - (100 - 4) (here, instead of subtracting 96 from 250, we are just subtracting 100 from 250 and then adding 4) = 250 - 100 + 4 (Why adding? because the actual amount we have to subtract from 250 is 96. but we are subtracting 100. That means, we are subtracting 4 numbers more than we actually deserve. so our 250 will feel bad. so we should add that 4 to it:) = 150 + 4 = 154 250 - 196 = 250 - (200 - 4)

= 250 - 200 + 4 (here also same. In order to subtract 196, we subtract 200 and adding 4)

= 50 + 4 = 54 Note : We can use this logic for any number. According to our convenience. Lets see, 216 - 61 (Here i found it difficult to subtract 61 from 216) = 216 - (100 - 39) (So i just decided to subtract 100 to it and later will subtract the extra 39) = 216 - 100 + 39 (Hey, see here. How about writing this 39 as 40 -1 ?) = 116 + (40 - 1) (dont be confused. just practice this method and you will come to know how easy and efficient method it is :) = 156 - 1 = 155

Subtraction of decimals 47 - 9.9 (How about dividing this 9.9 as 9 + 0.9 ??) = 47 - (9 + 0.9) we can write this as... = 47 - 9 - 0.9 = 38 - 0.9 = 37.1 18.3 - 0.8 = 18 + 0.3 - 0.8 = (18 - 0.8) + 0.3 = 17.2 + 0.3 = 17.5