Materials Science 10B11PH611

2011-12

Evaluation Scheme
Number of Credit: 4 (3 1 0) Evaluation Criteria: T1 ----- 15 M T2 ----- 25 M T3 ----- 35 M TA ----- 25 M

Text Book Solid State Physics -- S.O.Pillai Reference Books Solid State Physics -- C. Kittal Material Science and Engineering an Introduction -- W.D. Callister Jr. Elements of Material Science and Enginnering -- Lawrence H Van Vlack

Material Science
Materials science is an interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering.

What are materials?

Look around. What do you see? Materials are everywhere!
1.The clothes we wear are made from a variety of materials. 2.Our home is made of manufactured materials. (i) glasses in the windows, (ii) the ceramic dinnerware, (iii) the metal silverware, and everywhere we look we see products made from materials. 3.Most products are made up of different types of materials to satisfy the needs of the product. Materials can be metals, ceramics, plastics semiconductors and composites.

Which properties of materials are of engineering interest?

Mechanical Properties: Elasticity, plasticity, toughness, tensile strength, yield strength, impact strength, ductility, malleability, brittleness, hard ness, etc. Thermal Properties: Heat capacity, Specific heat, Melting points, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, thermal shock resistance Electrical Properties: Resistivity, conductivity, dielectric strenght, thermoelectricity etc. Magnetic properties: Permeablity, coerecive force, hysteresis, superconductivity Chemical properties: Chemical composition, corrosion resistance, acidity and alkalinity etc. Optical properties: refractive index, absorptivity and absorption coefficient, reflectivity etc. Physical properties: Dimension, appearance, density, color, porosity etc.

Other criterion for choosing a materials

1. Deterioration of material properties that may occur during service operations. 2. Cost of the product

Classification of Materials
1. Metals: Large number of free electrons, good conductors of electricity and heat, not transparent to visible light. Quite strong, yet deformable, this accounts for their extensive use in structural applications. Ceramics: Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials. They are formed by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Clay was one of the earliest materials used to produce ceramics, but many different ceramic materials are now used in domestic, industrial and building products. Typically insulative to passage of electricity and heat. more resistant to high temperatures and harsh environments than metals and polymers. Ceramics are hard but very brittle. Strong in compression but weak in tension and shearing. Disc Brake is made up of ceramic (SiC).

2.

Classification of Materials
3. 4. Polymers: Very large molecular structure composed of repeating units. Low densities and may be extremely flexible. Polymer include your hair to familiar plastic and rubber materials.

Composites: Consists of more than one material type. A composite is designed to display a combination of the best characteristics of each component materials. Fiberglass is a familiar example in which glass fibers are embedded within a polymeric material. Fiber glass acquires strength from the glass and flexibility from the polymer. Many of the recent material developments have involved composite materials.

Advanced materials
5. Semiconductors: Electrical characteristics of these materials are extensively sensitive to the presence of minute concentrations of impurity atoms; these concentrations may be controlled over very small regions. The semiconductors have made possible the advent of integrated circuitry that has totally revolutionized the electronic industry. Smart (or intelligent) materials: These materials are able to sense changes in their environments and respond to these changes in predetermined manners-traits that are found in living organisms. The component of smart material include some type of sensor that detects an input and actuator that performs a responsive and adaptive function.

6.

Advanced materials
Nano-Materials:
Nanotechnology comprises any technological developments

on

the nanometer scale, usually 0.1-100nm.

The properties of materials changes at nanoscale length and when we develop new materials having characteristic properties of nanometer scale then they are called nanomaterials. Nanotransistors are already in use.

Materials to be covered
1. Dielectric materials. Low k dielectric in VLSI 2. Magnetic materials Magnetic materials for data storage 3. Super-conductivity. SQUID, Leviated Train 4. Optical Fiber and Laser Optical communication 5. Polymers and ceramics 6. Display Devices Display devices in your mobile to your laptop, Blue ray disk