BACHELOR OF SCIENCE INMECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ME 323 MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT # 1

Name: TADEO, CLARISSE F. Date: MARCH 19, 2023

Yr.& Section: BSME-3A
Instruction: Write your answer on Short bond paper.It should be
handwritten.ENGINEERING LETTERING.
I. Define each properties of material and give atleast 4 or more example of
the following.30pts
1. Mechanical
2. Electrical
3. Thermal
4. Magnetic
5. Optical
6. Deteriorative

1. Mechanical Properties: Mechanical properties of a material describe

how it responds to external forces and stresses, and how it deforms under
these conditions. Examples of mechanical properties include strength,
ductility, hardness, toughness, elasticity, and plasticity.
 Examples:
 Steel is a strong and tough material that can withstand high stress and
deformation without breaking.
 Aluminum is a lightweight and ductile material that can be easily shaped and
formed.
 Rubber is an elastic material that can be stretched and deformed but returns
to its original shape when the stress is removed.
 Glass is a brittle material that is strong under compression but breaks easily
under tension.
 2. Electrical Properties: Electrical properties of a material describe how
well it can conduct or resist the flow of electric current. Examples of
electrical properties include conductivity, resistivity, permittivity, and
dielectric strength.
 Examples:
 Copper is an excellent conductor of electricity and is commonly used in
electrical wiring.
 Silicon is a semiconductor that is used in the production of electronic
devices such as computer chips.
 PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is an insulating material that is commonly used to
protect electrical wires from damage.
 Glass is a good insulator and is used in the production of electrical
insulators.

3. Thermal Properties: Thermal properties of a material describe how it

responds to changes in temperature, such as its ability to conduct, store or
resist heat. Examples of thermal properties include thermal conductivity,
thermal expansion, heat capacity, and melting point.
 Examples:
 Copper has a high thermal conductivity, making it an excellent material for
heat exchangers.
 Ceramic tiles have a low coefficient of thermal expansion, making them
resistant to cracking due to temperature changes.
 Water has a high heat capacity, meaning it can store a lot of heat without a
significant increase in temperature.
 Tungsten has a high melting point, making it ideal for use in high-
temperature applications.

4. Magnetic Properties: Magnetic properties of a material describe how it

behaves in a magnetic field. Examples of magnetic properties include
magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, coercivity, and hysteresis.
 Examples:
 Iron is a ferromagnetic material that can be magnetized and is commonly
used in magnets.
 Copper is diamagnetic, which means it is weakly repelled by a magnetic
field.
 Cobalt is a ferromagnetic material that is used in the production of high-
strength magnets.
 Aluminum is paramagnetic, which means it is weakly attracted to a magnetic
field.

5. Optical Properties: Optical properties of a material describe how it

interacts with light, such as its ability to transmit, absorb, or reflect light.
Examples of optical properties include refractive index, transmittance,
reflectance, and color.
 Examples:
 Glass has a high refractive index and is commonly used in lenses.
 Diamond is a transparent material with a high index of refraction and is used
in jewelry.
 Carbon black is a highly absorbent material that is used in the production of
black pigments.
 Gold has a high reflectivity and is commonly used in reflective coatings.

6. Deteriorative Properties: Deteriorative properties of a material describe

how it reacts to environmental factors such as air, water, chemicals, and
radiation. Examples of deteriorative properties include corrosion resistance,
oxidation resistance, UV resistance, and chemical resistance.
 Examples:
 Stainless steel is highly resistant to corrosion and is commonly used in
marine applications.
 Polypropylene is resistant to chemical degradation and is commonly used in
chemical storage containers.
 Aluminum is resistant to oxidation and is commonly used in aircraft
construction.
 PVC is resistant to UV radiation and is commonly used in outdoor
applications such as piping and fencing.
 6. Define each classification of material and give at least 3 or more example
of the following.30 pts
1. Metals
2. Ceramics
3. Polymers
4. Composites
5. Advance Materials
a.Semiconductor
b. Biomaterials
6. Materials of the future
6.1 Smart Materials
A.Shape-memory alloys
b. piezoelectric ceramics
c. Microelectromechanical systems
6.2 Nano-engineered Materials

1. Metals: Metals are materials that are typically hard, strong, and ductile, with high
thermal and electrical conductivity. They are widely used in construction,
transportation, electronics, and various manufacturing industries. Examples
include:
 Iron
 Aluminum
 Copper
 Gold
 Silver
 Titanium
2. Ceramics: Ceramics are materials that are typically hard, brittle, and have high
melting points. They are often used for their high temperature stability, chemical
resistance, and hardness. Examples include:
 Alumina
 Glass
 Silicon Carbide
 Zirconia
 Porcelain
 Ceramic Tiles
3. Polymers: Polymers are materials made of large molecules that have long chains of
repeating units. They are lightweight, flexible, and have excellent insulating
properties. Examples include:
 Polyethylene
 Polypropylene
 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
 Polystyrene
 Nylon
 Polyester
4. Composites: Composites are materials that consist of two or more different types
of materials, which are combined to create a material with improved properties.
Examples include:
 Fiberglass
 Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)
 Metal matrix composites (MMCs)
 Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs)
 Concrete
5. Advanced Materials: Advanced materials are materials that have been developed
using advanced technologies and techniques. They often have unique properties
that make them useful for specialized applications. Examples include:
 Graphene
 Carbon nanotubes
 Metamaterials
 Aerogels
 Shape-memory alloys
5a. Semiconductor Materials: Semiconductor materials are materials that have
electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. They are used
extensively in the electronics industry to make transistors, diodes, and integrated
circuits. Examples include:
 Silicon
 Germanium
 Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
 Indium Phosphide (InP)
 Silicon Carbide (SiC)
 5b. Biomaterials: Biomaterials are materials that are used in medical applications,
such as implantable devices, prosthetics, and drug delivery systems. They are often
biocompatible and can be made from both natural and synthetic materials.
Examples include:
 Titanium implants
 Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
 Collagen
 Hydroxyapatite
 Alginate
6. Materials of the Future: Materials of the future are materials that are being
developed for use in advanced technologies and applications. Examples
include:
 Self-healing materials
 2D materials
 Quantum materials
 Biodegradable plastics
 High-entropy alloys
6.1. Smart Materials: Smart materials are materials that can respond to
external stimuli, such as changes in temperature, light, or magnetic fields,
by changing their properties. Examples include:
 Shape-memory alloys
 Piezoelectric ceramics
 Electrochromic materials
 Thermochromic materials
 Magnetostrictive materials
6a. Shape-memory alloys: Shape-memory alloys are materials that can remember
their original shape and return to it after being deformed. They are often used in
medical implants, such as stents, and in aerospace applications. Examples include:
 Nitinol
 Copper-Aluminum-Nickel alloys
 Iron-Manganese-Silicon alloys
6b. Piezoelectric Ceramics: Piezoelectric ceramics are materials that can convert
mechanical energy into electrical energy, and vice versa. They are used in sensors,
actuators, and various other applications. Examples include:
 Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)
 Barium Titanate (BaTiO3)
 Lead Magnesium Niobate-Lead Titanate (
6c. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS): MEMS are small devices that
integrate mechanical, electrical, and optical components on a microscale.
 They are often used in sensors, actuators, and other applications that require
precise control and miniaturization. Examples include:
 Accelerometers
 Gyroscopes
 Microphones
 Pressure sensors
 Inkjet printer heads

6.2Nanoengineered materials: Nanoengineered materials are materials that

have been designed and synthesized at the nanoscale, typically with
unique physical and chemical properties. They are often used in
applications such as catalysis, energy storage, and biomedical imaging.
Examples include:
 Carbon nanotubes
 Quantum dots
 Nanoparticles of gold, silver, and other metals
 Nanofibers
 Graphene oxide
 In general, nanoengineered materials can be classified into several categories
based on their structure and properties, such as:
 Nanoparticles
 Nanofibers
 Nanocomposites
 Nanotubes and nanowires
 2D materials, such as graphene and molybdenum disulfide


 Define each classification of material and give atleast 3 or more example of
the following nano engineered materials
 Nanoengineered materials are materials that have been designed and
synthesized at the nanoscale, typically with unique physical and chemical
properties. Here are some examples of different types of nanoengineered
materials:
 Nanoparticles: Nanoparticles are tiny particles with diameters ranging from
1 to 100 nanometers. They
 III.Define each 11 group of elements and what the elements consists on these
groups.
(3pts each)
1.Alkali Metals 7.Halogens
2.Alkaline Earth Metals 8.Unknown Properties
3.Transition Metals 9.Noble gases
4.Post-Transition Metals 10.Lathanides
5.Metalloids 11.Actinides
6.Non metals

1. Alkali Metals: The alkali metals are a group of elements in the periodic table that
have only one valence electron in their outermost shell, making them highly
reactive. The elements in this group are:
 Lithium (Li)
 Sodium (Na)
 Potassium (K)
 Rubidium (Rb)
 Cesium (Cs)
 Francium (Fr)
2. Alkaline Earth Metals: The alkaline earth metals are a group of elements in the
periodic table that have two valence electrons in their outermost shell. They are
also highly reactive. The elements in this group are:
 Beryllium (Be)
 Magnesium (Mg)
 Calcium (Ca)
 Strontium (Sr)
 Barium (Ba)
 Radium (Ra)
3. Transition Metals: The transition metals are a group of elements in the periodic
table that have partially filled d orbitals in their outermost shell. They are known
for their ductility, malleability, and conductivity. The elements in this group are:
 Scandium (Sc)
 Titanium (Ti)
 Vanadium (V)
 Chromium (Cr)
 Manganese (Mn)
 Iron (Fe)
 Cobalt (Co)
 Nickel (Ni)
 Copper (Cu)
 Zinc (Zn)
 Yttrium (Y)
 Zirconium (Zr)
 Niobium (Nb)
 Molybdenum (Mo)
 Technetium (Tc)
 Ruthenium (Ru)
 Rhodium (Rh)
 Palladium (Pd)
 Silver (Ag)
 Cadmium (Cd)
 Hafnium (Hf)
 Tantalum (Ta)
 Tungsten (W)
 Rhenium (Re)
 Osmium (Os)
 Iridium (Ir)
 Platinum (Pt)
 Gold (Au)
 Mercury (Hg)
4. Post-Transition Metals: The post-transition metals are a group of elements in the
periodic table that have properties intermediate between those of metals and
nonmetals. They are typically softer and have lower melting and boiling points
than transition metals. The elements in this group are:
 Aluminum (Al)
 Gallium (Ga)
 Indium (In)
 Tin (Sn)
 Thallium (Tl)
 Lead (Pb)
 Bismuth (Bi)
 Polonium (Po)
5. Metalloids: The metalloids are a group of elements in the periodic table that have
properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. They have both
metallic and nonmetallic properties. The elements in this group are:
 Boron (B)
 Silicon (Si)
 Germanium (Ge)
 Arsenic (As)
 Antimony (Sb)
 Tellurium (Te)
6. Nonmetals: The nonmetals are a group of elements in the periodic table that are not
metallic in nature. They have low melting and boiling points and are poor
conductors of heat and electricity. The elements in this group are:
 Hydrogen (H)
 Carbon (C)
 Nitrogen (N)
 Oxygen (O)
 Fluorine (F)
 Neon (Ne)
 Phosphorus (P)
 Sulfur (S)
 Chlorine (Cl)
 Argon (Ar)

7. Halogens: The halogens are a group of highly reactive nonmetals that are located
in Group 17 of the periodic table. They include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine
(Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
8. Unknown Properties: This group consists of elements that have not been studied
thoroughly enough to determine their properties. These elements include elements
with atomic numbers higher than 118, which have only been synthesized in
laboratories and have very short half-lives.
9. Noble Gases: The noble gases are a group of chemically inert gases that are located
in Group 18 of the periodic table. They include helium (He), neon (Ne), argon
(Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn).
10.Lanthanides: The lanthanides are a group of metallic elements that are located in
the f-block of the periodic table. They include elements with atomic numbers 57-
71 and are also known as the rare earth elements. Some examples include cerium
(Ce), praseodymium (Pr), and europium (Eu).
11.Actinides: The actinides are a group of metallic elements that are located in the f-
block of the periodic table. They include elements with atomic numbers 89-103
and are also known as the actinoid elements. Some examples include uranium (U),
plutonium (Pu), and americium (Am).